周边地区旅游业应对城市扩展的响应模式研究——以甘肃省榆中县为例

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快，许多城市地域发展空间显得日益紧张，城市市区向周边地区扩展的趋势明显，城市市区扩展必将对周边地区旅游业发展产生巨大的影响。以甘肃省榆中县为研究对象，分析了兰州市市区向东扩展的趋势以及由此可能对榆中旅游业发展产生的影响，提出了榆中县旅游业应对兰州市市区扩展的边缘-核心响应模式、区域旅游整合发展响应模式和区域旅游联动发展响应模式。     

1960年以来延吉城市土地空间扩展及其驱动力分析

在GIS的支持下提取了延吉城市4个时期的边界信息,分析城市土地空间扩展特征,并进一步研究其扩展驱动力。结果表明,几个时期的城市扩展速度、方向、性质各不相同,而经济、政策等因素是促使城市土地扩展的直接原因。     

快速城镇化背景下迅速扩张型城市空间演化时空特征及驱动力机制——以合肥市为例

利用合肥市1997年、2001年、2005年、2009年、2013年和2017年遥感数据源,提取相应年份的城市建成区扩展信息,从扩展速度、扩展强度、紧凑度、分形维数、城市建成区扩展弹性指数和空间重心转移等方面对城市空间演化时空特征进行分析,选取14个指标构建主成分模型,结合城市发展背景,研究城市空间演化驱动力机制,同时利用多元回归模型预测合肥市未来建成区面积。结果表明:合肥市城市扩展速度与强度均保持较快增长,城市整体向外部不断扩张,重心向东南方向转移,但城市空间扩张与人口处于不协调的发展模式;经济、人口、交通和政策为城市空间演化主要驱动力;合肥市建成区面积保持较快增长,迅速扩张型城市未来空间扩展模式应以多中心扩展模式为主,进行以轴向发展为主的多中心城市结构的转变,同时注重城市空间的内涵式更新。     

城市三维空间扩展的时空变化分析——以大连市金州主城区为例

以大连市金州主城区2005年、2010年、2015年的城市建筑与DEM构成的城市数字高程模型(UDEM)为基础数据,采用城市重心、城市扩展强度与建筑覆盖度等指标定量表征城市三维空间扩展,分析3个时相城市空间在水平方向与垂直方向扩展的时空变化规律。结果表明:金州主城区建筑数量不断增多但增长速度放缓,建筑高度持续增长,城市重心整体向东北偏移;城市建筑平面扩展强度和速度减小,水平方向的城市扩展逐渐趋于饱和;城市空间扩展由城市范围向外扩展逐渐转向以城市内部建筑更新为主的城市空间垂直扩展。     

基于GIS的芜湖市城市用地扩展规律

利用芜湖市1990年、2000年两个时相的遥感影像进行城市土地利用解译,提取城市新、旧建成区区块用地,通过GIS软件提供的空间统计分析功能,对城市用地空间分布进行定量分析与描述,从而揭示城市用地及其扩展规律.研究结果表明,芜湖市用地扩展呈现明显中心圈层式蔓延和轴向集中性扩展规律的模式.作者提出了城市用地扩展中应注意解决的问题.     

开发区建设与城市结构形态演变——以西安市为例

基于2004—2016年西安市Quick Bird遥感影像,在分析各开发区扩展特征的基础上,研究开发区建设对城市结构形态的影响。研究结论为:(1)2004—2016年,西安规模以上开发区都实现了高速扩展,对城市空间增长有极强的带动作用,且西安的城市扩展对开发区具有依赖性,这种依赖性在12年中不断增强。(2)开发区建设将影响城市的空间形态,导致城市形态日趋离散。(3)开发区建设将形成新的城市中心和城市副中心,引导城市空间结构由单中心向多核心转变。     

基于石油开采的城市空间结构演变及其特殊性——以大庆市为例

城市空间结构作为城市各类要素空间组合状态和空间投影的反映,在资源型城市中更具有资源指向性和问题多发性,其形成和演变具有自身独特的机理存在.以我国典型的石油城市——大庆市为研究案例,对大庆市1983-2009期间5个时间段的空间扩展从紧凑度、破碎度和扩展强度三个方面进行定量测度,得出大庆市空间结构为分散型的总体特征及演变过程中的被动性、单一性和政治性等特殊性.最后进一步剖析石油开采对城市空间的影响,认为大庆市石油开采对其空间结构雏形、经济空间、社会空间和生态空间四个方面都造成深刻影响.     

基于RS和GIS技术的重庆市主城区扩展分析

采用重庆市主城区2000年和2010年两个时相的TM影像提取城市扩展信息,对影像数据的归一化建筑指数（NDBI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）和归一化水体指数（NDWI）进行RGB组合增强,再进行决策树分类和减法运算获取研究区扩展信息,发现建筑区面积增加了1.62倍,大部分是由植被区转变而来。其扩张方向受地理影响,南北方向为外延型,东西方向为飞地型。借助统计资料进行精度验证和城市扩展的驱动因素分析发现,区域发展政策、经济增长和人口扩张是主要的影响因素,探讨了对经济增长、城市扩张和人口增长的关系。研究结果表明,以遥感手段监测与研究城市发展变化的趋势是可行和高效的。     

干旱区资源型城市空间扩展及驱动力分析——以甘肃省金昌市为例

以遥感与GIS为技术支撑,对甘肃省金昌市1990—2014年城市建城区面积进行了动态监测,分时段重点分析了25年间城市扩展强度、扩展方位、合理性等情况,揭示了金昌市扩展的驱动因素。结果表明:1金昌市城市扩展不大,面积净增加28.11km2,占用的土地利用类型主要是周边未利用土地和农村居民点。2建设用地的显著特点是内外部同步实施,即内部填充、外部延伸,由此使土地使用率大大提高,城市布局更加紧凑;总体上城市空间重心向东偏移,城市扩展在城市边缘地区强度最大。3资源优势是城市产生的前提,自然因素成为城市纵向延伸的约束条件,政府行为和城市规划对城市延伸的方向和格局产生决定性影响,而重点企业助力城市发展。     

安徽省城市用地扩张及城市化特征研究

根据安徽省1991-2005年城市建成区的扩展情况，从城市空间扩展动态度来对安徽省17个地级市进行城市扩展分类，由此得到城市空间扩展不同梯度的扩展类型。结合社会经济统计数据对安徽城市化特征进行分析，发现安徽省城市化取得了显著的成就，并在此基础上提出了面临的挑战，为城市化进程及城市土地资源的可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Whose land? Whose water? Water rights,equity and justice in a peri-urban context

Based on research in peri-urban areas, this paper explores questions of water justice in the context of emerging global cities. With the growth of large cities, authorities focus on meeting their water needs through infrastructure expansion and supply augmentation. The changing water needs and priorities of peri-urban locations, which provide land and water for urban expansion, receive scant attention. This paper looks at changing patterns of water use between rural and urban uses, based on research in peri-urban Gurgaon, an emerging outsourcing and recreation hub of North West India. It describes the diversity of ways in which peri-urban residents lose access to water as the city expands. These processes raise important questions about water justice, about the politics of urban expansion, and the implicit biases about whom these cities are meant for.     

The Effects of Urbanization on Net Primary Productivity in Southeastern China

Net primary productivity (NPP) is one of the major ecosystem products on which human societies rely heavily. However, rapid urban sprawl and its associated dense population and economic conditions have generated great pressure on natural resources, food security, and environments. It is valuable to understand how urban expansion and associated demographic and economic conditions affect ecosystem functions. This research conducted a case study in Southeastern China to examine the impacts of urban expansion and demographic and economic conditions on NPP. The data sources used in research include human settlement developed through a combination of MODIS, DMSP-OLS and Landsat ETM+ images, the annual NPP from MODIS, and the population and gross domestic product (GDP) from the 2000 census data. Multiple regression analysis and nonlinear regression analysis were used to examine the relationships of NPP with settlement, population and GDP. This research indicates that settlement, population and GDP have strongly negative correlation with NPP in Southeastern China, but the outcomes were nonlinear when population or GDP reached certain thresholds.     

面向城市管理的城市建筑存量研究综述

城市建筑存量研究是为适应当前城市管理的需要而出现的理论研究,与国家制定的城市可持续发展战略具有内在一致性。本文对城市建筑存量的概念进行解析,全面阐述了城市建筑存量研究的意义,概述了城市建筑存量研究的系统边界、内涵和研究方法等,总结了城市建筑存量研究的三大领域：城市建筑存量时空演变及影响因素研究、城市建筑废弃物资源化开发潜力分析研究和城市可持续管理决策支持系统开发的研究现状。目前城市建筑存量理论体系尚不够完善、定量工具和基础数据库严重缺乏,对于城市决策支持不足,未来应在城市建筑存量时空演变及环境影响分析、开发融合多学科交叉及新技术应用的分析方法和辅助城市可持续管理决策三个领域加强和深化研究。     

1979—2006年泰安市建成区扩展特征及影响因素分析

在遥感和GIS技术支持下,采用扩展强度指数、紧凑度指数、象限分割方法研究了泰安市建成区1979—2006年的时空扩展变化特征及形态模式。结果表明,泰安市建成区自1979年以来呈现快速扩展趋势,建成区紧凑度指数呈现逐渐下降趋势。对自然和社会经济发展资料分析后认为,泰山对建成区北部的扩展形成天然屏障,而其他方位的快速扩展与泰安市固定资产投资、旅游业发展和人口增长等社会经济发展因素具有密切联系。针对紧凑度指数逐渐下降趋势,提出今后泰安市城市建设应当在城市合理布局的前提下,进一步加强土地的集约利用。     

WATER SUPPLY AND URBAN GROWTH PLANNING: A PARTNERSHIP1

ABSTRACT As urban expansion outstrips water supplies, the usual solution is to build pipelines to bring in water from sources farther afield. Such water supplies may act as either a leader of urban development or as a follower. In either case, this engineering approach to the provision of water has fostered less than optimal utilization of regional water and land resources for urban growth. More efficient utilization of these resources is achieved when water supply development and urban growth planning are conjoint activities. Water supply planners and land use planners, working together, are able to generate and evaluate the full range of urban development options, including water demand management through conservation. Preferred regional growth plans are achieved using the best mix of water supply and urban growth. The result is a reduced rate of water supply development and a reduction of urban expansion on prime lands. This partnership approach is demonstrated for the Calgary Region under two levels of water conservation.     

Goodbye to natural resource-based livelihoods? Crossing the rural/urban divide

Life in proximity to a growing city can be especially difficult for those rural people who are poor. Findings from sustained research around three cities of the South illustrate how peri-urban conditions can create pressure for livelihood change. People were pressed further into a cash-based economy for which they were ill prepared. Surprisingly, agriculture remained important, even though urban expansion changed natural resource-based livelihoods, especially by taking land. The inevitable livelihood transitions were easier if there was support for both familiar and new natural resource-based activities, orienting production towards urban markets. Successful change was associated with greater diversification of income strands, rapid cash returns and bridging opportunities. Participatory planning of livelihood changes and local NGO inputs were advantageous. These findings are important for pro-poor development policy affecting peri-urban populations and may inform rural to urban migration policy.     

Simulation of urban expansion patterns by integrating auto-logistic regression,Markov chain and cellular automata models

This research analyses urban expansion patterns and their eco-risks in the Poyang Lake region in China. A hybrid model consisting of auto-logistic regression, Markov chain and cellular automata (CA) is designed to improve the performance of the standard logistic regression model. An eco-risk assessment (ERA) index by integrating landscape fragmentation index and area weighted eco-service value index is established to promote the effectiveness for dynamically evaluating the environment and eco-security in watersheds. Scenario predictions are introduced to better understand the relationship between urban dynamics and their eco-risks. Three urban development scenarios such as historical development trend (HDT), environment protection priority (EPP) and goal-oriented restriction (GOR) are designed and transplanted into the CA model through the parameter self-modification method. The quantitative analysis results showed that in the period of the past five years, the urban growth primarily concentrated in the metropolitans. The simulations show that under the HDT scenario the urban growth will mainly emerge in the metropolitans, while under the EPP and GOR scenarios the urban growth will expand along with the metropolitans or the road networks and highways, respectively. Moreover, the ERA demonstrated that the GOR scenario was more effective in meeting the goal of environment protection and urban sustainable development for the study area.     

Characterizing and Contextualizing the Water Challenges of Megacities

We characterize and compare water challenges confronting the 28 megacities of the world in 2014. Relying on existing literature and diverse primary data sources, we present a unique portrait at a global scale of the water implications of the rapid growth in megacities. We find that differentiating and analyzing the complexity of megacities' water problems based on geographic contexts, historical development trajectories, urban population growth rates, and forms of urban expansion helps explain the nature of the various water management problems they confront. Two governance features also shed light on megacity water challenges: fragmentation resulting from forms of megacity urban expansion; and, urban dualism resulting from contradictions between historical and cultural legacies and the rise of global engineering and technological norms for water management. The increasing vulnerability of megacities to climate change poses risks as well as opportunities for a more collective response to address this global phenomenon. Our analysis raises important questions and offers guidance about the future trajectories of many more large cities around the world that are on their way to becoming megacities.     

新乡市声环境质量现状及其改善对策研究

以中原城市群强市-新乡市为例,介绍城市环境噪声的声源构成主要以工业噪声和社会生活噪声为主。随着城镇化规模的扩大,近年来的噪声监测值总体呈下降趋势,但道路交通噪声和社会生活噪声有增高趋势。结合声环境质量现状,提出了合理规划功能区布局、加强声环境管理、利用城市绿地降低噪声、提高单体建筑规划设计水平等改善对策措施。