论环境侵害损害赔偿的归责原则

论述了环境侵害损害赔偿，实行无过错归责原则等的适用问题，对正确运用归责原则具有现实意义。     

恢复性司法在生态环境刑罚中的定位重构

传统刑事法律对生态环境犯罪的规制仅以"自由刑+罚金刑"的模式对犯罪行为人进行惩罚,却对受损的生态环境本身缺乏关注.生态环境保护的迫切需求使得恢复性司法被引入生态环境犯罪领域并得到广泛应用,它应用的理论基础包括:符合刑罚轻缓化与刑罚人道主义的发展趋势;新型环境正义观的要求;理念与生态环境刑罚的目的相契合.但恢复性司法在中...     

生态修复的刑事责任方式研究

环境法益的有效保护最终必须借助与环境犯罪相适应的、具有针对性的刑事责任方式实现。补植作为一种生态修复的刑事责任方式,诞生于森林资源犯罪司法实践中,并不断拓展适用于其他环境犯罪。修复性司法、生态人形象以及刑事责任根据是生态修复的刑事责任方式的存在理据。通过确立修复原则、设置复合责任以及细化修复方式等,可完善生态修复的刑事责任方式。     

论强化政府环境责任

中国环境法律施行效果不理想的重要原因是政府环境责任的缺失,应当将<中华人民共和国环境保护法>(以下简称<环境保护法>)的修改和这一现状的改变结合起来,在<环境保护法>中强化政府环境责任.界定了政府环境责任的涵义,分析了加强政府环境责任的必要性,并介绍了美国、日本和俄罗斯联邦的环境基本法有关政府环境责任的规定,提出了修改<环境保护法>的立法建议.从国情出发,<环境保护法>应当规定积极和消极两个层面的政府环境责任.重点构建了积极层面的政府环境责任体系:提供环境公共产品(服务),在各项决策过程中执行环境影响评价,公开环境信息.     

美国的环境犯罪投诉下降

美国的一个名为“环境责任公众雇员”的组织在其最新报告中说 ,在克林顿执政期间 ,环境犯罪的投诉急剧减少。与美国司法部抱怨环境投诉增加的情况相反 ,该报告指出在 1 994年和 1 996年间环境投诉率下降 52 % ,环境犯罪率下降 60 %。美国的环境犯罪投诉下降     

铅蓄电池落实生产者责任延伸制度成效与展望

铅蓄电池生产者责任延伸制度被写入新修订的《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》,并确定了生产者的回收义务,弥补了相关政策实施的上位法空白。以2016年以来我国废铅蓄电池规范收集处理量为依据,梳理分析了我国推进落实铅蓄电池生产者责任延伸制度、建立规范的废铅蓄电池收集处理体系方面所取得的成效。同时,针对目前面临的一些实际问题探讨了相应的解决方向,以期对《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》修订实施后,完善相关管理政策制度提供借鉴参考。     

论环境风险社会放大的制度根源与法律应对

环境风险的社会放大是指公众对环境风险的感知及其行为反应超越了环境风险应有的影响程度。环境风险的社会放大具有信息判断的主观性、形成原因的复杂性和影响后果的多层性,对社会稳定、经济发展和政府形象都会产生不良影响。中国环境风险社会放大的制度根源在于环境风险评估制度不科学、环境风险信息交流制度不健全、环境风险责任分配制度不合理。为了避免环境风险社会放大所带来的不必要的损失,法律应从环境风险评估、环境风险信息交流、环境风险责任分配等3个方面进行制度完善。     

中国建立环境责任保险制度的路径与选择

随着中国市场经济的发展,环境保护问题愈来愈凸显出其重要性和必要性.由于环境污染具有突发性、累积性、持续性等特定属性,其带来的损害是难以估量的,具有很高的风险.因此,适时地建立环境责任保险制度是解决该冲突的有效途径之一.通过对西方发达国家环境责任保险发展经验的研究,为中国建立环境责任保险制度的路径提供了选择,如建立完善的环境保护法律法规、选择合理的模式、规范承保范围、科学组建承保机构、严格限定责任限额等.     

考虑相位的屏障衍射声场工程算法研究

目前声屏障衰减的工程算法均基于能量法,不考虑声源在衍射时的相位变化,而在计算有限长屏障衍射声场或多个屏障的多重衍射声场时,往往误差较大。因此,提出了一种考虑相位、用于计算屏障声衍射的新工程计算方法,该工程算法基于Keller的几何声衍射理论,且延伸自Pierce提出的一个刚性楔形体边界的Hadden-Pierce严格解,相比严格解的积分算法,该简化算法能在计算声影边界的衍射声时避免奇异,计算效率高。使用本文提出的算法、边界元法和Wadsworth研究的实验数据对三维有限长薄屏障和单个厚屏障的双重衍射声场进行了计算,结果表明,该算法与Hadden-Pierce原始积分算法误差在0.5 dB范围以内,与边界元法误差在2 dB以内,且与Wadsworth实验数据吻合度较高;而在计算效率方面,本算法相比原始积分算法提高了500多倍,比边界元法提高了约2400倍,说明本简化算法完全可应用于户外噪声传播中屏障衰减的准确计算。     

河南省煤化工行业环境风险等级划分研究

基于目前国家建立环境污染责任保险制度的规划需求和河南省当前新发展形势需要,选择以河南省典型高污染、高风险行业(即煤化工行业)为研究对象.在对相关理论进行分析的基础上,识别影响河南省煤化工行业的环境风险因子,并确定指标的评估标准(权重及评分结果).遵照指标体系的建立原则,采用层次分析法,从内在性和外在性两方面因素构建煤化工行业环境风险等级划分指标体系,进一步将评分结果与环境风险等级比对,最终将煤化工行业的环境风险等级划分为5个等级,为河南省环境污染责任保险制度的建立奠定基础.     

Guidelines and Resources for Conducting an Environmental Crime Investigation in the United States

Common environmental crimes in the United States include the illegal disposal of hazardous waste, unpermitted discharges to sewer systems or surface water, discharge of oil by vessels to waters within United States jurisdiction, the misapplication of pesticides, the illegal importation of ozone-depleting substances, data falsification, and laboratory fraud. Federal, state, and sometimes local statutes and regulations are in place to protect the water, air, land, and human health. From a federal perspective, these include the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) for hazardous wastes, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for toxic substances, the Clean Air Act (CAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) for abandoned waste sites, and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) for pesticides. Each of these laws contains some standard methods for sampling and analyses to prove environmental crimes. The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) contains the specific requirements of the laws. Within the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the Criminal Investigation Division (CID) of the Office of Criminal Enforcement, Forensics and Training (OCEFT) has the responsibility to investigate criminal offenses.Criminal offenses are more serious in nature than civil violations in the United States. To successfully prosecute an environmental criminal case, the government has to prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that a corporation or person knowingly violated an environmental statute containing criminal sanctions. The same environmental forensic techniques used to provide scientifically defensible data prevail in both civil and criminal cases; the only distinction between the two types of cases is legal.     

Reconciling different approaches to environmental management

Environmental management is often regarded as the domain of the natural scientist with decision criteria developed within strict methodological boundaries. The argument is put forward that economic criteria have tried to emulate scientific methodology to the exclusion of important socio-economic factors. Concern over the monetary valuation of the environment has lead to calls for cost-effectiveness as the safe alternative. However, this approach is shown to be no different from cost-benefit analysis in its conception of value and therefore an inadequate response to the concerns driving the original criticism of environmental economics. Both socio-economic and scientific perspectives are necessary in the formulation of environmental policy. This then requires individual researchers to be open-minded in their work, rather than relying on institutional groupings of mono-disciplinary individuals to carry the responsibility for interdisciplinary research.     

铅酸蓄电池行业生产者责任延伸制在我国实施的难点和解决方案

为解决我国废弃产品环境污染问题和再生资源循环利用的困境,加快生态文明建设和循环经济发展,国务院现已推行生产者责任延伸制度。该项制度的推行实施,可减轻环境治理负担,推动循环经济和清洁生产模式,促进企业技术升级,但该项制度在具体实施过程中尚存在一些问题。以铅蓄电池行业为例,存在的主要问题包括相关制度不健全、回收利用体系不完善、缺乏多部门联动监管机制和有效的经济激励政策等。针对上述问题,结合河南省的废铅蓄电池收集处理制度试点工作,提出铅酸蓄电池行业生产者责任延伸制实施的建议方案,为生产者责任延伸制度更好地推行和实施提供参考。     

Can corporate environmental responsibility improve environmental performance? An inter-temporal analysis of Chinese chemical companies

The empirical research on the relationship between corporate environmental responsibility and environmental performance remains in the one-way positive impact and lacks the research on nonlinear relationship between them. Based on the stakeholder theory, this paper selects A-share chemical–listed companies in China from 2006 to 2017 as the research samples and uses generalized method of moments (GMM) model to investigate the impact mechanism between corporate environmental responsibility and environmental performance. The results showed that corporate environmental responsibility positively impacted on environmental performance; however, the impact was not significant. The corporate environmental performance positively and significantly impacted on environmental responsibility. Moreover, results reported that industry competition played a positive regulatory role in corporate environmental responsibility affecting environmental performance and has played a positive role in corporate environmental impact on environmental responsibility. A nonlinear relationship (inverted “U” shape) between environmental responsibility and environmental performance was found. The study results stress to establish a fair and perfect market competition mechanism to improve the environmental performance of chemical industries in China.

     

生物质燃气高温过滤材料的研究

日趋严格的环保要求和某些工艺过程的特殊需要,对生物质燃气中灰尘的数量和粒度提出了更高的要求,即对生物质气化系统中的过滤工艺有了新的要求。针对生物质气化工艺的特点及其灰尘的特性,重点研究了针刺过滤毡和金属多孔材料两类高温过滤材料。通过研究比较,两种材料各有优缺点,针刺过滤毡过滤精度高,运行工况比较稳定,但是过滤气速小,适用温度低,设备比较庞大;金属多孔材料过滤精度相对较低,但是过滤气速和使用温度高,设备相对紧凑。     

The impact of corporate environmental responsibility on financial performance—based on Chinese listed companies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, environmental protection issues have come under the spotlight. This paper constructs a corporate environmental responsibility...     

Associations of long-term ambient air pollution and traffic-related pollution with blood pressure and hypertension defined by the different guidelines worldwide: the CHCN-BTH study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The assessment of the generalization of the strict hypertension definition in the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline from environmental condition...     

The Clean Air Act: New Enforcement and Liability Provisions

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 establish new criminal and civil liability provisions that can potentially impose substantial fines and penalties. This article reviews the Act's new enforcement and liability provisions. The authors recommend that because of the new enforcement tools available to the federal government, the regulated community should implement effective self-auditing and compliance programs at facilities to help reduce the risk of criminal liability.     

论环境经济办法

一个好的经济政策应该是一个好的环境政策,反之亦然。这里所说的环境经济办法是一个全新的环境经济政策体系,它是由绿色税收、环境收费、绿色资本市场、生态补偿、排污权交易、绿色贸易、绿色保险等方面构成的。它们是市场经济的产物,与强制性环境政策相对应,两者共同构成一个比较完整的内在相通的政策体系。新的环境政策体系的理论基础是环境价值观、价值规律和价格形成机制。