一模多用密集深孔冲裁模

介绍密集孔深孔冲裁模一模多用的结构原理及设计方法.该冲裁模在实际生产中,节约大量的模具制造费用,提高了产品质量和生产率,具有推广和使用价值.     

折弯机通用组合上模结构的改进和设计

通过对新、旧2种折弯机组合上模从工艺结构、受力分析、设计要点及调节使用等方面进行全面的比较和分析,提出一种新的、合理的上模结构——偏心销式分段有量度调节结构的折弯机组合上模.     

多向模锻的模具结构和设计

讨论多向模锻的模具结构水平分模模具结构、垂直分模模具结构、联合分模模具结构和特殊模具结构,在此基础上,又讨论多向模锻模具的型腔位置、导向装置、凹模导向、深孔锻件凹模、冲头、推杆等设计的要点以及模具材料的选用.     

使用聚胺脂的锁片成形模设计

介绍了一种使用聚胺脂结构的锁片成形模.对该模具的结构作了详细分析.并介绍了其成形过程及特点.     

连杆多工步弯曲模设计

介绍了一种原理和结构都较新颖的连杆弯曲模的设计方法和使用特点.     

微型电机端盖整形模设计

根据端盖的特殊要求,设计了一副整形模,一次性地达到了制件的尺寸精度和各部形位精度.模具结构简单,实践证明可行.     

厚壁管整体镦粗工艺试验研究

在单向加压的普通液压机上,采用不同结构的模具.对厚壁管整体镦粗工艺进行了试验.试验结果表明:经不同的模具结构镦粗后的工件沿高度方向各截面壁厚变化规律不同.在变形量相同的情况下,采用凹模及芯模浮动结构的模具,镦粗后的工件壁厚最均匀.     

斜楔式槽钢冲孔模

介绍了斜楔式槽钢冲孔模的结构与工作原理,以及凸模、双向斜楔、退料组件等主要零部件的设计技术方法.     

简化凹模形状的冲压模具设计

在保证产品质量的条件下,简化冲模结构,减少模具加工工时,从而达到降低模具成本的目的,这是冲模设计人员必须考虑的问题。实际生产中所使用的各种简易模具,有的是从简化冲模结构出发(如通用模具),有的是从取消凹模(或凸模)出发(如软模成形)。这里介绍的是简化凹模形状的成形方法,这种成形方法的特点是凹模形状不是成形后工件的形状,而是一种简化的凹模(或凸模),这就方便了模具的加工,也属一种简易的模具。此种简化凹模的成形方法及其模具结构如下:     

特殊结构(带支柱)球罐整体无模成形工艺的实验研究

为了解决无模成形方法成形大型球罐的困难,此文提出了一种特殊结构的壳体,该壳体在胀形前已将支柱焊在球瓣上,并且针对赤道带瓣对接焊处成形困难问题提出了一种减少瓣间两面角的特殊工艺方法.此文针对这种壳体的无模成形技术进行了实验研究,并对应变分布、直径变化及柱脚在不同摩擦条件下位移进行了测量分析,指出了此种壳体的无模成形技术是可行的,并具有良好的经济性,为大型球罐的无模成形制造提供了技术依据.     

Apparent non-mosaic trisomy 16 in chorionic villi: Diagnostic dilemma or clinically significant finding?

A case is presented in which apparent non-mosaic trisomy 16 was found in chorionic villi (direct and culture) obtained from a patient undergoing first-trimester prenatal diagnosis. The fetal karyotype subsequently was determined to be 46,XX by follow-up amniocentesis. Serial ultrasonographic examinations revealed placental sonolucencies and intrauterine growth retardation. At 37 weeks, a small-for-gestational-age female was delivered by Caesarean section for fetal distress. Postnatal cytogenetic studies revealed a normal female karyotype in cord blood and mosaic trisomy 16 in plaental tissues. These findings suggest that in cases where aneuploidy is confined to placental tissues, it may have biological significance, as evidenced by the apparent placental dysfunction and poor fetal growth in this case.     

Failure to detect fetal obstructive uropathy by second trimester ultrasound

The prenatal diagnosis, management and outcome of an hereditary obstructive uropathy is presented. Serial ultrasonic assessment of the fetal urinary tract was carried out from the early second trimester onward. Slight bilateral hydronephrosis as a first sign of obstructive uropathy was only established as late as 30 weeks of gestation. On the basis of weekly ultrasound scans, a conservative approach was adopted. In view of fetal maturity, labour was induced at 36 weeks resulting in the vaginal delivery of a male infant with moderate bilateral hydronephrosis. Neonatally, anuria developed due to bilateral obstruction of the ureters as a result of increasing bladder wall hypertrophy due to urethral valves. A bilateral uretero-cutaneostomy was carried out. The infant so far develops normally, and renal function is normal for age. Women at risk for fetal obstructive uropathy should have ultrasonic monitoring throughout pregnancy.     

Prenatal evaluation and in utero platelet transfusion for thrombocytopenia absent radii syndrome

A fetus with absent radii in both forearms was discovered on routine ultrasound examination performed at 18 weeks of pregnancy. No other significant abnormalities were found, and no signs of haemorrhage were detected. Serial ultrasound examinations revealed no evidence of fetal internal bleeding. At 37 weeks of pregnancy, a CBC obtained by cordocentesis under ultrasound guidance confirmed the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia absent radii (TAR) syndrome. Apheresis platelets were transfused into the umbilical vein to correct the thrombocytopenia and was followed by an uncomplicated delivery. No bleeding was encountered during the remainder of the baby's neonatal course. We conclude that TAR syndrome can be readily identified prenatally on sonogram, and if severe thrombocytopenia is confirmed by cordocentesis, platelets should be transfused to diminish the risk of serious internal bleeding during and immediately after delivery.     

Meconium peritonitis: Extrusion of meconium and different sonographical appearances in relation to the stage of the disease

By chance, we had the opportunity to make serial sonographic observations of the extrusion of meconium in a case of meconium peritonitis. Inflammation leads to exudative processes and production of fluid (ascites) in the fetal abdomen. Sonography at that stage of the disease may lead to a misdiagnosis such as ‘fetal ascites’ or ‘non-immune hydrops’. After bowel perforation and extrusion of meconium, the latter appears as a solitary mass inside fetal ascites or as disseminated echogenic masses distributed subdiaphragmatically or perihepatically. Within a couple of days, in most cases the echogenicity of the masses increases. Calcifications lead to distinct shadowing. These calcifications are often the only visible signs of a previous meconium peritonitis. Serial sonograms are essential for the management of pregnancies with meconium peritonitis. If the amount of fetal ascites does not increase and no signs of cardiovascular stagnation appear, no invasive intrauterine diagnostic and therapeutic steps are required. In none out of the nine cases was a cause found.     

Prenatal findings on ultrasound and X-ray in a case of overgrowth syndrome associated with increased nuchal translucency

A case of prenatal diagnosis of an overgrowth syndrome at 30 weeks of gestation is reported. The diagnosis was suggested on the basis of increased fetal growth from 16 weeks onwards, advanced bone age, and characteristic facial features such as hypertelorism, broad forehead and small chin. The fetus presented at 12 weeks with a markedly increased nuchal translucency thickness and generalized skin edema, but normal karyotype. Serial ultrasound scans revealed brain abnormalities including mild unilateral ventriculomegaly and a cyst in the cavum septi pellucidi. The pregnancy was terminated at the parents' request at 32 weeks of gestation and postmortem examination confirmed the prenatal findings. This case demonstrates the possibility of prenatal diagnosis of early overgrowth syndromes and highlights the dilemma arising from the prenatal diagnosis of a non-lethal condition associated with an uncertain prognosis and poorly documented in utero. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Postnatal confirmation of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 16 mosaicism in two phenotypically abnormal liveborns

Two phenotypically abnormal liveborns in whom trisomy 16 mosaicism was diagnosed prenatally by amniocentesis are described. Analysis of a percutaneous umbilical blood sample in one case revealed a normal chromosomal complement. Ultrasound examinations performed at the time of amniocentesis were normal. Serial sonography during the late second and third trimesters demonstrated progressive intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in both fetuses and a cardiac defect in one. At birth, both infants had dysmorphic features and multiple congenital anomalies. Trisomy 16 mosaicism was confirmed postnatally in both infants in skin fibroblasts; however, peripheral blood samples contained only chromosomally normal cells. The two mosaic trisomy 16 cases described in this report, together with the five confirmed cases reported previously, demonstrate the need for caution in the counselling of patients when trisomy 16 mosaicism is diagnosed prenatally in amniotic fluid samples. Such cases potentially can result in the birth of dysmorphic infants with significant birth defects, growth retardation, and possible developmental disabilities.     

Preparation of InYO3 catalyst and its application in photodegradation of molasses fermentation wastewater

An InYO3 photocatalyst was prepared through a precipitation method and used for the degradation of molasses fermentation wastewater. The InYO3 photocatalyst characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, surface area and porosimetry. Energy band structures and density of states were achieved using the Cambridge Serial Total Energy package (CASTEP). The results indicated that the photodegradation of molasses fermentation wastewater was significantly enhanced in the presence of InYO3 when compared with PbWO4. The calcination temperature was found to have a significant effect on the photocatalytic activity of InYO3. Specifically, InYO3 calcined at 700°C had a considerably larger surface area and lower reflectance intensity and showed higher photocatalytic activity. The mathematical simulation results indicated that InYO3 is a direct band gap semiconductor, and its conduction band is composed of In 5p and Y 4d orbitals, whereas its valence band is composed of O 2p and In 5s orbitals.     

Demonstration of spontaneously dividing male fetal cells in maternal blood by negative magnetic cell sorting and fish

We investigated a case of massive feto-maternal bleeding by using negative magnetic cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). A 37-year-old pregnant woman had an uncomplicated amniocentesis for advanced maternal age at 16 weeks' gestation. The fetal karyotype was 46, XY. At 19 weeks' gestation, she had a minor car accident and slight vaginal bleeding. A subsequent Kleihauer-Betke test showed a 140 ml feto-maternal haemorrhage. Serial sonographic examinations indicated a normal fetus and placenta. We performed FISH analysis on maternal peripheral blood at 25 weeks. Anti-CD45 and MACS were used to deplete maternal leucocytes, enriching the proportion of fetal nucleated erythrocytes present. The isolated cells were analysed by using dual-colour FISH with X and Y specific probes. Approximately 65 800 nucleated cells were obtained after MACS depletion. A total of 234 cells were analysed by FISH. The results revealed that 70 of the nucleated cells (30 per cent) were male with one X and one Y signal. Among these cells, six male metaphases were observed in spontaneously dividing cells.     

北京市大气环境中硫酸盐、硝酸盐粒径分布及存在形式

为了解北京市大气颗粒物中,二次硫酸盐、硝酸盐的存在形式及其含量,于2008年5月～2009年4月,利用MOUDI对北京市大气颗粒物分10级进行采样,利用离子色谱技术对各粒径范围大气颗粒物中的无机水溶性组分进行分析,并利用偏相关分析的方法确定其存在形式和估算其含量.结果表明,北京市大气颗粒物中水溶性硫酸盐和硝酸盐表现为单...     

Prenatal diagnosis of autosomal dominant microcephaly and postnatal evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging

A case of fetal autosomal dominant microcephaly was prenatally diagnosed with ultrasonography in a woman with previously undiagnosed microcephaly. At the time of initial ultrasonographic assessment, the mother was identified to have a markedly small cranium, consistent with maternal microcephaly. The ultrasonographic examination showed the fetal head size to be four standard deviations below the mean for gestational age. Gesta-tional dating from the other biometric parameters and from the last menstrual period was consistent with 31 weeks' gestation. Neurosonographic evaluation of the fetus revealed no obvious structural abnormalities. Serial ultrasonographic examinations at 35 and 38 weeks' gestation showed no changes in the fetal head size. A 2·64 kg male fetus was delivered at term. Neonatal assessment showed the fetal head circumference to be less than the second percentile for gestational age. Neurologic assessment of the neonate with magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal development of the brain, with small cerebellar and cerebral hemispheres, and pachygyria. These images are compared with the magnetic resonance images of the mother. Our findings of maternal and fetal microcephaly are consistent with autosomal dominant microcephaly. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the prenatal diagnosis of autosomal dominant microcephaly.