微波消解-原子荧光法测定海洋生物中As

主要研究微波消解技术作为海洋生物As分析的前处理手段.海洋生物样品经微波消解后,以硫脲-抗坏血酸溶液作为还原剂,使用原子荧光法测定海洋生物中As含量,测试结果准确,与传统的湿法消解相比,微波消解技术使海洋生物As 的分析变得简单、快速,同时避免了沾污,极大的提高了工作效率,微波消解将会成为海洋环境样品前处理的理想手段.     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定海洋沉积物中As的研究

研究了微波消解海洋沉积物中的As,在比较几种不同的酸消解体系后,得到适合海洋沉积物分析的酸消解体系.与传统的湿法消解比较,测试结果无显著性差异.微波消解具有快速高效、试剂用量少、空白值低、样品不易挥发等优点,已成为海洋沉积物样品前处理的有效手段.     

微波消解在样品前处理中的应用

本文采用微波消解前处理方法对大米、土壤、人发等样品进行前处理,对样品中所含重金属进行测定,其中微波消解前处理方法具有空白小、准确度高、相对偏差小,是较为理想的前处理方法.     

测定固体废物中总铬的前处理方法的探索

本文完善了电热板消解方法,增加了微波消解法.并将两者进行比对试验,实验结果表明对浸出液中总铬进行前处理消解时,电热板与微波消解法都适用,两种方法之间不存在明显的系统误差,准确度、精密度都符合质控要求.     

原子荧光法测定环境空气中汞

建立了微波消解-原子荧光法测定环境空气汞的方法,探讨微波消解方法的前处理效果,进行准确性、精密性及实际样品测试等实验。本方法前处理简单、酸用量少,微波消解能使样品消解更完全,汞的加标回收率在95.0%~104.3%,回收率高。     

微波消解-钼酸铵分光光度法快速分析水中的总磷

通过对微波前处理方法对水样中总磷进行消解分析的研究 ,探讨微波功率、加热时间、样品体积等对样品消解的影响 ,建立了微波消解样品测定的方法。测定结果表明与经典方法具有可比性 ,并具有操作简单、快速省时、节省成本、测定准确的特点。     

微波消解与电热板消解测定PM_(2.5)中铅等金属元素的方法比较

选取营口市一垃圾填埋场点位采集了若干PM2.5平行样品,利用等离子体发射光谱质谱技术对样品进行了六种金属元素的含量测定。分别采用了微波消解和电热板消解两种不同的前处理方法,并讨论了两种不同前处理方法对数据准确性、精密度的影响。     

微波消解/ICP-AES法测定土壤中的环境有效态金属元素

传统的土壤样品消解技术手续繁琐、费时,成为整个分析过程的薄弱环节;微波消解很好地解决了这一问题。采用微波消解技术处理土壤样品,以ICP-AES法测定Ag、As、Ba.Be、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sr、V、Zn,Al、Co 14种环境有效态金属元素。选择了HNO_3-HCL-H_20_2消解体系,确定了最佳微波消解功率和时间。方法精密度以相对标准偏差表示为1.20％～6.13％,准确度以回收率表示为79.6％～97.4％,与传统的酸解法处理样品相比较,相对误差在±120％以下,结果基本一致。微波消解处理土壤样品比传统的酸解法节省了约10倍的时间,具有快速、高效、清洁、用量少、背景值小等优点。     

土壤中重金属测定前处理方法的对比研究

对土壤样品的前处理分别采用全自动样品消解仪及微波消解仪进行消解.按照国标法测定土壤样品中的铅、镉、铜、锌、镍、锰.根据消解情况及测定土壤中重金属含量对消解方法进行对比分析.结果显示采用全自动样品消解仪消解土壤样品,操作简单、方便,最大程度保障了实验人员的安全,并且消解效果良好,避免了土壤样品赶酸过程导致蒸干,重金属含量测定结果准确可信.微波消解法消耗的试剂量较少,样品受污染的风险小,引入的试剂误差小.     

土壤重金属检测不同消解方法的比较研究

样品的前处理是土壤重金属监测的关键,不同的前处理方法,操作难易不同,消解后的效果也有差异。本文采用石墨消解法、微波消解法、电热板消解法三种前处理方法消解国家标准土壤GSS-8,测定铜、铅、锌重金属元素的含量,分析三种消解方法的准确度及影响结果的因素,为土壤重金属前处理提供参考依据。     

青春 责任 梦想 行动 2015年千名青年环境友好使者夏令营侧记

<正>"我们处在世界正在发生重大变革的时代,中国也正在实现着民族伟大复兴的关键时刻。青年人要承担什么责任?""我们应该团结更多的青年人,向全社会积极宣传环保理念,保护我们共同生存的家园。"一名青年使者刚刚回答完贾峰主任的问题,全场响起的是掌声——雷鸣般的掌声!8月17日,2015年"千名青年环境友好使者夏令营"在成都市温江区正式开营。环境保护部宣传教育中心主任贾峰亲临现场,并为青年学子们讲授了热情     

Asbeste Arten,Entstehung, Bedeutung,Problematik

Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions.     

Effect of CaO on retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, W and Pb in bottom ashes from fluidized-bed coal combustion power station

This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed（for all four combustion tests） for S, As, Cl and Br（R = 0.917-0.999）. Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds（e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.）. Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically ＂not significant＂, i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization.     

珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染

硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。     

Algorithmen,gehirne, computer

In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet.     

意大利的金枪鱼、箭鱼、鸬鹚以及家燕等体内的多氯萘、多氯联苯、多氯二苯-p-二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃以及p,p''''-DDE

我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量.     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.