丙烯腈二元共聚物超滤膜的研制

本文对丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸甲酯二元共聚物(PAN)超滤膜的成膜过程及膜分离性能进行了研究。结果表明:由PAN-双溶剂-酯类铸膜液制成的超滤膜对牛血清蛋白的截留率(R)为97.62％,通量(f)为84.96ml/cm~2.h.通过电子显微镜扫描观察膜底、表层以及膜断面的结构,对膜的形成机理与膜分离性能进行了研究,证明PAN是一种性能良好的新型膜材料,用PAN二元共聚物超滤膜对α-粉酶进行超滤浓缩试验,取得了较好的结果。     

丙烯腈共聚物超滤膜的研究

本文以丙烯腈，乙酸乙烯酯，乙烯基吡啶等三元共聚物为材料，研究了制备平板超滤膜各主要参数对成膜性能的影响并初步纺制了中空纤维膜。     

荷电超滤膜的研究：Ⅰ.氯甲基化聚砜超滤膜的研究

膜材料本身的性质是决定膜性能的主要因素，对于荷电超滤膜，荷电性和荷电程度对膜性能有较大的影响，本文研究了含氯量对氯甲基化聚砜超滤膜性能的影响，就有关制膜条件对膜的物理性能和电性能的影响也进行了研究。     

新型抗氧化膜材料PSAA的研制

对聚亚磺酰氨基酰胺(PSAA)作为新型抗氧化反渗透膜材料的可能性,以及聚合条件和成膜条件对膜性能的影响作了初步研究。     

聚醚砜-磺化聚砜共混膜的研究

利用国内近几年开发的新型膜材料,选择适当的共混聚合物体系,可以制得性能优良的共混膜。本文通过共混方式,制得了孔径较小的共混超滤膜。详细研究了聚醚砜-磺化聚砜共混材料的相溶性、铸膜液组成、蒸发时间和凝胶温度等因素对共混超滤膜分离特性与形态结构的影响。     

聚醚砜—磺化聚砜共混膜的研究

利用国内近几年开发的新型膜材料，选择适当的共混聚合物体系，可以制得性能优良的共混膜。本文通过共混方式，制得了孔径较小的共混超滤膜。详细研究了聚醚砜－磺化聚砜共混材料的相溶性，铸膜液组成，蒸发时间和凝胶温度等因素对共混超滤膜分离特性与形态结构的影响。     

SAS/IPPA/AA三元共聚物对碳酸钙阻垢性能的研究

以水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,丙烯磺酸钠、异丙烯膦酸和丙烯酸为单体,合成了三元共聚物丙烯磺酸钠/异丙烯膦酸/丙烯酸(SAS/ IPPA/AA),研究了共聚物在不同水质条件下对CaCO3的阻垢性能,探讨了共聚物浓度、pH值、钙离子浓度、碳酸根离子浓度和温度等条件对CaCO3的阻垢性能的影响,结果显示,在共聚物用量为18mg·l-1时,可使阻垢率达到100%.     

甲醇催化膜电极性能的研究

本文对甲醇催化膜电极继续进行了研究。在原有的铂-铑催化膜电极基础上,较系统地研究了铂钯(10—100％Pd)体系;铂铑(15—45％Rh)体系;以及铂-钯加贱金属体系。分别考查了催化膜电极的灵敏度、响应时间、干扰性能;并使用扫描电镜,X-射线光电子能谱,X-射线衍射等多种物理分析方法对催化膜电极表面状态进行了研究,验证了响应曲线的动力学过程,甲醇在电极上的氧化反应是属于一级动力学响应。据此筛选出较合适的甲醇催化膜电极。     

铝铁锡共聚物的合成及其特性研究

合成制备了铝铁锡共聚物,测定分析了其水解共聚合和熟化过程中的pH变化,并通过扫描电镜和混凝实验对共聚物的晶形貌像和絮凝作用进行了研究。结果表明：Sn^4 具有比Fe^3 ,Al^3 更强的水解活性,它有使共聚物的分子趋于均一的作用;铝铁锡共聚物的最佳配比为：NAl∶NFe∶NSn=5∶5∶3,最佳水解度B^*＝2．0,此共聚物具有比CPAFC更优良的絮凝性能。     

聚砜-磺化聚砜共混超滤膜的研究

本文以聚砜和磺化聚砜为原料,制备了低截留分子量的共混超滤膜,此种膜具有适中透水量,对分子量3000的PEG截留率在90％以上。对膜的制备参数,如聚合物浓度、不同溶剂、不同添加剂和凝胶介质对膜性能的影响进行了较详细的研究。     

丙烯腈二元共聚物超滤膜的物化稳定性

应用红外光谱、差热分析和X衍射分析丙烯腈二元共聚物(PAN)超滤膜材料的结构特性,用浸渍对比试验观察了超滤膜在浸渍前后的性能变化。结果表明:PANA大分子侧向排列是有序的,纵向排列是无序的,因而可以制成具有较好分离性能的超滤膜,以PAN制备的超滤膜不仅具有良好的耐化学药品能力(其抗酸性优于抗碱性)和抗氧化能力,而且有较好的耐菌性。     

荷电超滤膜的研究——Ⅱ.季铵化聚砜超滤膜的研究

将氯甲基化聚砜(CMPS)超滤膜浸泡于三甲胺水溶液中制得季铵化聚砜(QMPS)超滤膜。本文就一些反应条件对季铵化聚砜超滤膜性能的影响进行了探讨,同时对季铵化聚砜超滤膜和氯甲基化聚砜超滤膜的形态结构作了对比,并研究了它们的亲水性能和电性能等方面的差异。     

中空纤维超滤膜处理油田含油污水

本文采用中空纤维超滤膜对油田含油污水进行了处理,结果表明,中空纤维超滤膜用于处理经过预处理的含油量较低的污水较为理想,而对未经处理的含油量高的污水除油除浊效果较好,膜的清洗方法有待进一步研究,本文对操作条件的影响亦进行了探讨.     

Effects of a dynamic membrane formed with polyethylene glycol on the ultrafiltration of natural organic matter

The formation of a dynamic membrane (DM) was investigated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) (molecular weight of 35000 g/mol, concentration of 1 g/L). Two natural organic matters (NOM), Dongbok Lake NOM (DLNOM) and Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) were used in the ultrafiltration experiments along with PEG. To evaluate the effects of the DM with PEG on ultrafiltration, various transport experiments were conducted, and the analyses of the NOM in the membrane feed and permeate were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography, and the effective pore size distribution (effective PSD) and effective molecular weight cut off (effective MWCO) were determined. The advantages of DM formed with PEG can be summarized as follows: (1) PEG interferes with NOM transmission through the ultrafiltration membrane pores by increasing the retention coefficient of NOM in UF membranes, and (2) low removal of NOM by the DM is affected by external factors, such as pressure increases during UF membrane filtration, which decreases the effective PSD and effective MWCO of UF membranes. However, a disadvantage of the DM with PEG was severe flux decline; thus, one must be mindful of both the positive and negative influences of the DM when optimizing the UF performance of the membrane.     

PVDF ultrafiltration membranes of controlled performance via blending PVDF-g-PEGMA copolymer synthesized under different reaction times

PVDF blended different graft ratio of PVDF-g-PEGMA were systematically studied. Tuning the amphiphilic copolymer synthesis time to control membrane performance. The PVDF membrane with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h possesses most surface oxygen content. The synthesis time of PVDF-g-PEGMA at 9 h is good for high flux UF membrane. Polyvinylidene fluoride grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PVDF-g-PEGMA) was synthesized using atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at different reaction times (9 h, 19 h, and 29 h). The corresponding conversion rates were 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. PVDF was blended with the copolymer mixture containing PVDF-g-PEGMA, solvent and residual PEGMA under different reaction times. In this study, we explored the effect of the copolymer mixture additives with different synthesis times on cast membrane performance. Increasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA causes more PVDF-g-PEGMA and less residual PEGMA to be found in the casting solution. Incremental PVDF-g-PEGMA can dramatically increase the viscosity of the casting solution. An overly high viscosity led to a delayed phase inversion, thus hindering PEGMA segments in PVDF-g-PEGMA from migrating to the membrane surface. However, more residual PEGMA contributed to helping more PEGMA segments migrate to the membrane surface. The pure water fluxes of the blended membrane with reaction times of 9 h, 19 h, and 29 h are 5445 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹, 1068 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹and 1179 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹, respectively, at 0.07 MPa. Delayed phase inversion can form smaller surface pore size distributions, thus decreasing the water flux for the membranes with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h and 29 h. Therefore, we can control the membrane pore size distribution by decreasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA to obtain a better flux performance. The membrane with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h exhibits the best foulant rejection and cleaning recovery due to its narrow pore size distribution and high surface oxygen content.     

膜表面形貌对厌氧膜生物反应器膜污染影响的试验研究

在厌氧膜生物反应器处理高浓度食品废水的试验中,借助原子力显微镜分析了四种表面形貌不同的聚醚砜超滤膜的通量衰减规律.结果表明,超滤膜表面形貌愈粗糙,膜通量的衰减速率愈快,且化学清洗后恢复愈困难.     

聚醚砜超滤膜的研制

以聚醚砜为原料，二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂，研究了铸膜液组成和若干因素对膜性能的影响。选择适当的膜液组成和制备条件，可制得截留分子量分别为２０００，６０００，１００００的超滤膜，用该膜对α－干扰素进行分离。截留率均可达到９９％以上。