碱减量废水碱析法回收对苯二甲酸

碱减量废水由于其COD高，碱度大，且污染物是常见的对生物有一定毒害的有机污染物——对苯二甲酸，成为印染行业难处理的废水之一。作者研究了碱析法回收对苯二甲酸及其影响因素，并确定了最佳反应条件。     

涤纶碱减量废水中对苯二甲酸的好氧生物降解性能研究

采用城市污水处理厂的活性污泥做菌源,在实验室条件下研究了对苯二甲酸(TA)和乙二醇(EG)的好氧生物降解性能,着重考察了EG对TA好氧生物降解性能的影响.试验结果表明,微生物以TA、EG作为惟一的碳源需要一定的驯化时间,EG作为惟一碳源的驯化时间比TA的驯化时间长.但微生物一旦被驯化,EG比TA具有较快的降解速度,当TA为1100mg/L时,其平均降解速率为27.5 mg COD/g MLSS·h,而EG为1200mg/L时,其平均降解速率达到36.7 mg COD/g MLSS·h.在相同污泥负荷条件下,TA降解的滞后期受TA浓度影响不大,TA的好氧降解不存在明显的抑制浓度.EG不会抑制TA的初级生物降解,但会抑制TA的最终生物降解.     

碱减量染整废水的处理技术

介绍了碱减量废水及印染混合废水的处理技术，主要包括物化和生化处理，传统处理方法仅去除COD，较少考虑回收有用的资源，只有在废水中回收和充分利用有用资源，才符合环境保护的发展方向，做到环境效益和经济效益兼顾。     

利用印染厂碱减量废水脱除烟气中SO2模拟试验研究

介绍了化纤印染厂坯布前处理工序产生的碱减量废水作为锅炉烟气ＳＯ２的脱硫剂的试验结果,分析了碱减量废水脱硫反应过程及其为碱减量废水综合治理提出了一种新的预处理方法。     

分散染料和对苯二甲酸的生物吸附研究

利用活性污泥对含有碱减量印染废水的特征污染物进行吸附试验,污泥对特征污染物的吸附符合Langmuir 和Frundlich方程.污泥对特征污染物首先表现为很强的吸附作用,然后是吸附和生化的共同作用.由于厌氧污泥颗粒小、比表面积大,对特征污染物的吸附能力优于好氧污泥;同时,在微生物适宜的温度（25～35℃）和pH值条件下（pH=7～9）,活性污泥的吸附能力最强.     

酸析预处理-A/O法处理碱减量印染废水

印染行业排放的碱减量废水是一股水量少、浓度高、碱性大、污染十分严重的有机废水,针对该股废水难以降解,提出酸析预处理-兼氧(两段水解酸化)-生物接触氧化法相结合的处理工艺.试验表明经酸析预处理的碱减量废水与印染废水混合进行水解酸化、好氧处理,废水中的特征污染物对苯二甲酸(TA)是可生化的.并且,当进水中的CODcr为0.6～1.0g/L、BOD5为0.22～0.35g/L、TA为0.13～0.28g/L、色度为300～400倍时,系统的CODcr、BOD5、TA、色度的去除率分别为92%、95%、96%和90%,最终出水水质均能达标排放.同时,把二沉池排出的污泥回流至水解酸化池进行污泥减容化,还可以降低污泥的处理成本.     

化纤织物碱减量碱液的回用技术

涤纶仿真丝印染加工中碱减量废水碱度大、污染物浓度高，是环保治理的一大难题。总结了若干工厂的实践经验，提出其中碱液回用的清洁化生产技术，基本上解决了该部分废水的经常性排放污染问题。     

无纺布动态膜生物反应器处理碱减量印染废水

应用无纺布动态膜生物反应器（DMBR）处理碱减量印染废水,对该反应器处理碱减量印染废水过程中的实验结果表明,动态膜形成过程、影响因素和系统的运行效果进行了研究。通过测定临界通量得到反应器稳定运行的亚临界条件。实验结果表明,反应器运行70 min后,形成了稳定的动态膜。动态膜的形成速度与曝气量有关,当曝气量过大时,使得膜面错流速度过大,从而影响动态膜的形成。孔径对动态膜形成的初期影响较大,小孔径膜基材比大孔径膜基材更容易形成动态膜,而当动态膜稳定形成后,小孔径膜基材形成的动态膜性能略好,对污染物的去除效果更好。实验条件下,动态膜生物反应器对COD、UV254、色度和浊度的去除率分别为74%~85%、74%~79%、79%~86%和96.8%~98.6%,出水水质达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》（GB4287-2012）排放要求。     

对苯二甲酸生产废水回用实验研究

采用高级氧化工艺对对苯二甲酸生产废水进行处理,系统考察了氧化剂投加量、废水pH等对处理效果的影响,得出了最佳工艺条件。经过处理的PTA废水,水质达到了车间用水的要求。本方法具有处理效果好、操作简单和环境友好等优点。     

Phosphate Recovery from Greenhouse Wastewater

A study was conducted to investigate the suitability of phosphate recovery from greenhouse wastewaters by using precipitation/crystallization process. More than 90% of the phosphate could be removed from the greenhouse wastewater. Various calcium phosphate salts were obtained in the process; hydroxyapatite [Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH] could be the main product from the precipitates. Phosphate removal was affected by the presence of magnesium ion in wastewaters. An increase of magnesium concentrations in wastewaters decreased phosphate removal rates. The chemical contents of precipitates in terms of calcium, magnesium and phosphate were affected by calcium to magnesium molar ratio. Higher calcium contents were obtained at wastewaters with high calcium to magnesium molar ratio. An addition of magnesium did not affect the potassium contents in the precipitates. K‐struvite, MgKPO₄·6H₂O, was not the major product in the precipitate, even with addition of a large quantity of magnesium.     

一种悬浮填料在处理PTA废水中的应用

通过生产实验及工程实例的运行分析，所开发的梅花形多孔面悬浮填料具有优异的性能。以该填料为主体的接触氧化法具有处理能力强、抗冲击性好、挂膜快等优点，在生产实验和PTA(精对苯二甲酸)废水预处理的实际应用中，CODcr去除率分别达到了60％和40％，满足了生产要求。     

The Effects of Magnesium and Ammonium Additions on Phosphate Recovery from Greenhouse Wastewater

Phosphorus recovery from greenhouse wastewater, using precipitation-crystallization, was conducted under three levels of calcium concentration, 304 mg/L (7.6 mmol/L), 384 mg/L (9.6 mmol/L), and 480 mg/L (12 mmol/L), and also with additions of ammonium and magnesium into the wastewater. Jar test results confirmed high phosphate removal, with more than 90% of the removal achieved with a pH as low as 7.7. Under the low calcium concentration, ammonium addition affected the chemical reactions at pH lower than 8.0, where struvite was produced; when the pH was raised to 8.8, other calcium compounds dominated the precipitation. Under the medium calcium concentration, ammonium and magnesium addition helped struvite precipitation in the low pH range. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was the main product. Under the high calcium concentration, ammonium addition showed no effects on the precipitation.     

铁黄生产中废水处理与废渣的回收利用

介绍了氧化铁黄生产中的废水治理情况，同时其产生的废渣可回收利用。经过治理产生的环境、经济和社会效益显著。     

制革污泥生物沥浸液中铬回收的方法与效果研究

对制革污泥生物沥浸液加碱沉淀回收Cr时碱的类型与用量、加碱后混合液的沉降速度、沉降比以及上层清液悬浮性固体(SS)及Cr含量与pH关系等进行了研究.结果表明,氧化镁和氧化钙均能很好地沉淀制革污泥经生物沥浸处理后所得的铬液,而液碱效果较差.综合沉淀效果和经济成本考虑,氧化钙作沉淀剂更为合适.将含Cr 720 mg/L的铬液调至pH 7.0,消耗氧化钙的质量浓度为10.0 g CaO/L铬液,能使Cr从液相完全去除,混合液的沉降比达40%.     

Alkali borosilicate glass by fly ash from a coal-fired power plant

The possibility of using coal fly ash as a silica source for alkali borosilicate glass was investigated. Alkali borosilicate glasses were prepared from the coal fly ash mixed with 30 wt.% reagents composed of Na(2)O and B(2)O(3) by susceptor-induction heating. Their densities ranged from 2.24 to 2.55 g cm(-3) and decreased as the amount of B(2)O(3) addition increased. However, the Vickers microhardness showed a different tendency with the density since the glass network connectivity improved by boron anomaly, which was identified by a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The Vickers microhardness of the glass product, with the addition of 15 wt.% B(2)O(3) and 15 wt.% Na(2)O, was about 4030 MPa. Furthermore, the changes in microstructure were consistent with those in the chemical stability by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP).     

Removal of Hydrocarbons from Wastewater Using Treated Bark

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the possibility of removing hydrocarbons (HCs) and trace elements from synthetic and industrial effluents using treated bark as biosorbent. Coniferous bark was treated either chemically (Tc) or biologically (Tb) to eliminate soluble organic compounds of bark. The removal efficiency (RE) of the HCs from a synthetic oil-water mixture containing spent diesel motor oil exceeds 95% using 2 g/L of treated bark mixed with a synthetic oil-water mixture containing 2 g/L of spent oil. Under these conditions, the retention capacity (RC) was ~1 g HC/g dry substrate. The sorption reaction seems to be quasi-instantaneous, and the retention capacity of spent oil on treated bark increases as the temperature augments. This implies that the retention mechanism is related to the capillary action.

Results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectros-copy indicate that spent oil is mainly composed of al-kanes. They also suggest that no chemical bonds between

Tc and spent oil were established. Measurement of the surface tension of spent oil and the wetting index of the bark suggests that only spent oil will be retained by the substrate. Treatment of an industrial effluent containing 14.4 g/L of total HCs was performed using Tc. It was possible to remove 97% of HCs and retain some trace elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, S, and so on.     

电镀污泥中铜镍回收方法及工艺的研究

研究了电镀污泥中铜、镍的回收方法及工艺,采用硫酸浸出,浸出液在电压为2.4 V时电解3.5 h,铜的总回收率在99%以上,同时将Fe2 氧化成Fe3 ,电解余液(电解铜之后的溶液)加热至90℃,用磷酸盐调节pH至3.0,磷酸钠投加倍数为形成磷酸盐沉淀理论用量的1.4倍,99%的铁、铝、铬被去除.镍的总回收率约在97%以上.     

碱性蚀刻废液中的铜回收

考察N910、Lix84-I、N902和RE609 4种不同类型的萃取剂从高浓度铜氨溶液中萃取铜的效率,选取萃取效果较好的N910作为重点研究对象,并研究其从铜氨溶液萃取铜的萃取性能。实验发现,N910具有萃取速率快、饱和容量高、分离效果好、反萃完全及不易萃氨等特点;并用80%N910+煤油溶液,在pH=9.5,温度25℃,相比(O/A)1∶1条件,进行真实料液萃取实验,振荡10 min,萃取中铜离子的浓度达到69.66 g/L。因此,N910能够作为一种高效的铜萃取剂,从碱性蚀刻废液中回收铜。