龙泉湖浮游植物群落分布及季节变化

2008年5月~2009年4月对龙泉湖的浮游植物群落结构进行了研究。结果表明:龙泉湖浮游植物共计8门,71属,225种(含变种和变型),种群结构主要以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为主。浮游植物种类组成季节变化显著,冬季、初春以硅藻为主,夏秋季以蓝藻为优势,并将优势从5月持续至10月。龙泉湖浮游植物数量变化在5.26×105个/L~636.77×105个/L之间,标志龙泉湖的水体营养程度较高。     

天津独流减河8月浮游植物群落结构与水质评价

2016年8月,系统调查研究了独流减河浮游植物结构群落组成、密度的分布特征及与环境因子的关系。10个采样点中共鉴定出浮游植物5门45种及变种,优势种以蓝藻门为主,包括皮状席藻、细小隐球藻、阿氏颤藻、螺旋藻、铜绿微囊藻和优美平裂藻。各采样点浮游植物密度变化在(4.15~27.5)×106 ind./L之间。Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)在0.94~3.17,Pielou指数(J′)在0.24~0.72,Margalef指数(d)在0.69~1.72。灰关联分析结果表明,对独流减河浮游植物密度影响最大的环境因子是锰,其相关性系数是0.74。     

陡河水库浮游植物群落结构变化与营养状态分析

为了判断陡河水体的营养状态,为水体修复提供理论基础,采用浮游生物定量方法对陡河水库水体中浮游植物群种类、数量进行分析,研究不同环境条件下水体中浮游植物的优势种群及变化规律。结果表明:浮游植物共有7个门,45种以上,是绿藻+硅藻型的群落结构类型,并有比较稳定的隐藻、金藻和蓝藻种类,浮游植物的细胞密度在100万个/L以上。综合来看,陡河水库水体处于轻度富营养状态。     

秦皇岛西浴场浒苔暴发区浮游植物群落结构特征

2015年8月12日至28日于秦皇岛西浴场浒苔暴发区共鉴定浮游植物3门20属26种,主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,优势种为尖刺拟菱形藻、中肋骨条藻、旋链角毛藻和浮动弯角藻,与历史资料相比,浮游植物种类没有发生明显变化,调查海域浮游植物平均细胞丰度为40.38×10~4cells/L,多样性指数为1.78,均匀度指数为0.38。浒苔等大型藻类对单细胞浮游植物的化感作用导致浮游植物群落多样性与稳定性都出现了显著下降。     

天津市引滦沿线浮游植物群落结构调查研究

2016年3月,系统调查研究了天津市引滦沿线浮游植物结构群落组成、密度的分布特征及多样性指数。10个采样点中共鉴定出浮游植物7门18种,优势种为梅尼小环藻、尖针杆藻、肾形衣藻、卵形隐藻、多甲藻。各采样点浮游植物密度在0.36×107~20.5×107 ind./L之间。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)在0.38~2.16之间,Pielou均匀度指数(J′)在0.13~0.77之间,Margalef丰富度指数(d)在0.19~0.35之间。多样性指数评价显示水体为中污染-重污染水平。     

滆湖藻密度的时空分布及驱动因子分析

在2年内分季度调查滆湖浮游植物种群和水环境因子,分析藻密度的空间分布状况以及按时间序列的藻密度变化和浮游植物优势种群变化,分别采用"多元线性逐步回归法"和"偏相关系数法"进行藻密度驱动因子识别。结果表明,滆湖藻密度空间分布趋势为由北向南逐渐升高,年际间季节差异极显著。浮游植物的演替规律为冬、春季节以绿藻和硅藻为主,夏、秋季节蓝藻占绝对优势。通过比较2种统计方法的计算结果,确定全湖及中、南部湖区藻密度的驱动因子是温度和高锰酸盐指数,北部湖区藻密度的驱动因子是温度和硝酸盐氮,所有驱动因子对滆湖藻密度的影响均为正效应。在富营养化严重的滆湖,N,P营养盐已经不再是浮游植物生长的主要驱动因子,从统计方法的角度解释了部分环境因子没有入选为驱动因子的原因,并推断了其他可能的驱动因子。     

兴隆湖春季和冬季浮游生物群落结构特点及其水质状况指示意义

为评价成都天府新区兴隆湖浮游生物现状及其水质状况指示意义,并积累成都地区浮游生物基础资料。于2015年1月(冬季)和4月(春季)对兴隆湖浮游生物和水质进行了采样调查和分析。共检出浮游植物5门43属53种,其中优势种以绿藻门、裸藻门和蓝藻门的藻类为主,共检出浮游动物23属33种,其中优势种以原生动物、轮虫和无节幼体为主。兴隆湖春季浮游生物现存量大于冬季,其中浮游植物平均现存量分别为1.99×10~6cells/L和6.15×10~5cells/L,浮游动物平均现存量分别为4 243ind./L和631ind./L。春季和冬季浮游生物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')均值分别为1.83和1.61,丰富度指数(Dm)均值分别为2.60和1.88,均匀度指数(J)均值都为0.64,表明两个季节兴隆湖均处于中度污染状态,但春季略优于冬季;水体理化指标监测结果表明,兴隆湖水质属劣Ⅴ类,主要污染物为氨氮、总氮和总磷,春季污染物浓度较冬季有所下降。比较各样点浮游生物与水体理化指标的水质评价结果可知,对于类似兴隆湖的范围较小的水体,各样点浮游生物指数评价结果与水质指标评价结果并不完全一致,浮游生物指数适宜进行整体的水质状况评价,水质指标则适用于评价湖泊各个点的水质状况。     

龙羊峡水电站蓄水后库坝区地质环境的稳定性分析及其对策研究

龙羊峡水库在建设之前,特别在建设期间,已作过大量的研究工作。蓄水后,这些先期的研究将接受实践的检验,同时随着蓄水和电站运行,也出现了一些影响库坝安全的新问题。特别突出的是坝肩稳定、地下冲刷以及库区滑坡等,是龙羊峡水电站的主要工程地质问题,有可能导致滑坡、崩塌等地貌灾害,危及水库和大坝安全。本文着重对蓄水后的库坝区稳定性问题进行了分析研究,并提出了相应的对策措施,以供参考。     

四川中药资源的开发利用与发展方向

本文探讨了四川中药资源的开发利用和发展方向；（１）以资源化优势为依托，大力发展创泡中草药；（２）以地道药材为优势，建立稳定的药材基地（３）以综合利用为途径，提高资源利用的数量和质量；（４）以资源保护为前景，保证资源的永续利用。本文     

网络版摘要

涡河涡阳段水中CODCr与NH3-N分布及评价 通过对涡河涡阳段水体中化学需氧量（CODCr）和氨氮（NH3-N）等污染指标的测试,分析了CODCrNH3-N的时空变化特征及其产生原因。结果表明：采样点距离涡阳县城较近,CODCrNH3-N污染呈现增大的趋势;丰水期水质污染相对较轻,而平水期和枯水期CCODCr、NH3-N污染指数增大。     

CHANGES IN WATER QUALITY IN THE NEWLY IMPOUNDED SUBTROPICAL FEITSUI RESERVOIR,TAIWAN1

ABSTRACT: Water quality and trophic conditions in the Feitsui Reservoir, a subtropical reservoir, were evaluated with data from a ten-year data base to depict the impacts of river impoundment upon the chemical and biological characteristics of a reservoir, and to discuss the effects of flushing rate on in-lake phosphorus concentrations and phytoplankton growth. The results of the investigation showed that during the incipient impounding period, the water quality in the Feitsui Reservoir was significantly affected by internal loadings from submerged vegetation and soil in the flooded area. Studies of the changes in phosphorus compounds indicated that total phosphorus concentration appeared to approach equilibrium after the seventh year of impoundment and that orthophosphate stabilized after the sixth year of impoundment. Concentrations of both phosphorus forms varied seasonally after attaining stability. Nitrogen compounds (NH₃-N, NO₃-N and NO₂-N) approached equilibrium within three years after impoundment. The seasonal variation in carbon was correlated to the number of phytoplankton. The mean value of the N:P mass ratio has remained over 110 since year seven of impoundment (1990), indicating that phosphorus constitutes the potential limiting nutrient in the growth of phytoplankton. The rapid flushing rate (132.11 and 110.43 yr^-1) in Feitsui Reservoir during the first and second impounding stages was a critical factor influencing the phytoplankton growth response to available nutrients.     

AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO DAM REMOVAL: THE MANATAWNY CREEK STUDY1

ABSTRACT: Dam removal has been proposed as an effective method of river restoration, but few integrative studies have examined ecological responses to the removal of dams. In 1999, we initiated an interdisciplinary study to determine ecological responses to the removal of a 2 m high dam on lower Manatawny Creek in southeastern Pennsylvania. We used an integrative monitoring program to assess the physical, chemical, and biological responses to dam removal. Following removal in 2000, increased sediment transport has led to major changes in channel form in the former impoundment and downstream reaches. Water quality did not change markedly following removal, probably because of the impoundment's short hydraulic residence time (less than two hours at base flow) and infrequent temperature stratification. When the impoundment was converted to a free flowing reach, the composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages in this portion of Manatawny Creek shifted dramatically from lentic to lotic taxa. Some fish species inhabiting the free flowing reach downstream from the dam were negatively affected by large scale sediment transport and habitat alteration following dam removal, but this appears to be a short term response. Based on our observations and experiences in this study, we provide a list of issues to evaluate when considering future dam removals.     

用浮游植物评价淮南市窑河水域的水质状况

利用浮游植物的种类组成、种群数量、优势种和污染指示种,同时运用Margalef多样性指数、shanon wieder多样性指数及硅藻指数等群落生态学的基本方法,结合三种指数之间的相关性,研究得出窑河水域的污染程度依次为高塘湖<窑河<淮河。     

Recovery of Fish Communities in a Warm Water Stream Following Pollution Abatement

The long-term recovery process for fish communities in a warm water stream in East Tennessee was studied using quantitative measurements over 20 years. The stream receives effluents from a U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) facility, but since 1985 these effluents have been greatly reduced, eliminated, or diluted as part of a substantial long-term pollution abatement program. The resulting changes in water quantity and quality led to a recovery of the fish communities, evidenced by significant changes in species richness, abundance (density and biomass), and community composition (e.g., number of fish species sensitive to stress). The fish community changes occurred over a spatial gradient (downstream from the headwater release zone nearest the DOE facility) and temporally, at multiple sampling locations in the stream. Changes in measured parameters were associated with specific remedial actions and the intervening steps within the recovery process are discussed with regard to changes in treatment processes.     

DAM‐INDUCED MODIFICATIONS TO UPPER ALLEGHENY RIVER STREAMFLOW PATTERNS AND THEIR BIODIVERSITY IMPLICATIONS1

ABSTRACT: This study evaluates the streamflow characteristics of the upper Allegheny River during the periods preceding (1936 to 1965) and following (1966 to 1997) completion of the Kinzua Dam in northwestern Pennsylvania. Inter‐period trends in seasonal patterns of discharge and peak flow at three downstream sites are compared to those at two upstream sites to determine the influence of this large dam on surface water hydrology. Climatic records indicate that significant changes in annual total and seasonal precipitation occurred over the twentieth century. Increased runoff during the late summer through early winter led to increased discharge both upstream and downstream during these months, while slightly less early‐year rainfall produced minor reductions in spring flood peaks since 1966. The Kinzua Dam significantly enhanced these trends downstream, creating large reductions in peak flow, while greatly augmenting low flow during the growing season. This reduction in streamflow variability, coupled with other dam‐induced changes, has important biodiversity implications. The downstream riparian zone contains numerous threatened/endangered species, many of which are sensitive to the type of habitat modifications produced by the dam. Flood dynamics under the current post‐dam conditions are likely to compound the difficulties of maintaining their long‐term viability.     

INTERVENTION ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY RECORDS1

The impoundment of the Kootenai River by Libby Dam caused changes in discharge and water quality in the river downstream from Lake Koocanusa. The changes observed downsteam were largely attributable to the depth of withdrawal from the reservoir and the reservoir's ability to store and mix various influent water masses. The preimpoundment and postimpoundment time series of discharge and six water quality variables were autocorrelated and exhibited strong seasonality. Intervention analysis, a technique employing Box-Jenkins time series models, was used to quantify the nature and magnitude of the changes in water quality after the construction of Libby Dam. The models were developed with data from June 1967 through February 1981 and were able to satisfactorily forecast riverine conditions from March 1981 through January 1982.     

Environmental Control and Limnological Impacts of a Large Recurrent Spring Bloom in Lake Washington,USA

A series of statistical analyses were used to identify temporal and spatial patterns in the phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics of Lake Washington, an mesotrophic lake in Washington State (USA). These analyses were based on fortnightly or monthly samples of water temperature, Secchi transparency, ammonium (NH₄), nitrate (NO₃), inorganic phosphorus (IP), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and chlorophyll a (chl a) collected during 1995–2000 from 12 stations. Lake Washington has a very consistent and pronounced annual spring diatom bloom which occurs from March to May. During this bloom, epilimnetic chl a concentrations peak on average at 10 μg/L, which is 3 times higher than chl a concentrations typically seen during summer stratified conditions. The spring bloom on average comprised 62% diatoms, 21% chlorophytes and 8% cyanobacteria. During summer stratification, diatoms comprised 26% of the phytoplankton community, chlorophytes 37% and cyanobacteria 25%. Cryptophytes comprised approximately 8% of the community throughout the year. Overall, 6 phytoplankton genera (i.e., Aulacoseira, Fragilaria, Cryptomonas, Asterionella, Stephanodiscus, and Ankistrodesmus) cumulatively accounted for over 50% of the community. These analyses also suggest that the phytoplankton community strongly influences the seasonality of NO₃, IP, DO, pH and water clarity. According to a MANOVA, seasonal fluctuations explained 40% of the total variability for the major parameters, spatial heterogeneity explained 10% of variability, and the seasonal-spatial interaction explained 10% of variability. Distinctive patterns were identified between offshore and inshore sampling stations. The results of our analyses also suggest that spatial variability was substantial, but much smaller than temporal variability.     

Simulated Limnological Effects of the Shasta Lake Temperature Control Device

We estimated the effects of a temperature control device (TCD) on a suite of thermodynamic and limnological attributes for a large storage reservoir, Shasta Lake, in northern California. Shasta Dam was constructed in 1945 with a fixed-elevation penstock. The TCD was installed in 1997 to improve downstream temperatures for endangered salmonids by releasing epilimnetic waters in the winter/spring and hypolimnetic waters in the summer/fall. We calibrated a two-dimensional hydrodynamic reservoir water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, and applied a structured design-of-experiment simulation procedure to predict the principal limnological effects of the TCD under a variety of environmental scenarios. Calibration goodness-of-fit ranged from good to poor depending on the constituent simulated, with an R ² of 0.9 for water temperature but 0.3 for phytoplankton. Although the chemical and thermal characteristics of the discharge changed markedly, the reservoir's characteristics remained relatively unchanged. Simulations showed the TCD causing an earlier onset and shorter duration of summer stratification, but no dramatic affect on Shasta's nutrient composition. Peak in-reservoir phytoplankton production may begin earlier and be stronger in the fall with the TCD, while outfall phytoplankton concentrations may be much greater in the spring. Many model predictions differed from our a priori expectations that had been shaped by an intensive, but limited-duration, data collection effort. Hydrologic and meteorological variables, most notably reservoir carryover storage at the beginning of the calendar year, influenced model predictions much more strongly than the TCD. Model results indicate that greater control over reservoir limnology and release quality may be gained by carefully managing reservoir volume through the year than with the TCD alone. RID=" ID=" Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: John_Bartholow&commat;USGS.gov     

SENSITIVITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON SIMULATIONS TO VARIATIONS IN THE HALF SATURATION CONSTANTS1

ABSTRACT In many impoundment dynamic water quality models, the growth of two or more ecologic groups of phytoplankton may be simulated. These ecologic groups are differentiated by growth rates, temperature tolerances, settling rates, and the Michaelis-Menten half saturation constants for necessary nutrients. In this investigation, the effect of variations in the Michaelis-Menten half saturation constant for the limiting nutrient when two competing ecologic groups of algae are simulated is examined. In an idealized case, it is demonstrated that uncertainty in the half saturation constant for the limiting nutrient for one ecologic group of algae can significantly affect the simulation results and in some cases could lead to a poorly designed impoundment restoration program.     

Impact of Fencing on the Recovery of the Ground Flora on Heavily Eroded Slopes of a Deciduous Forest

This paper seeks to outline early stages in the recovery of forest ground flora on eroded slopes impacted by recreation activities and to suggest how these data might be applied in the formulation of management policies for forest recreation areas. Based on a fencing experiment in the Sonian Forest near Brussels, we investigated whether, over a 6-year period, the vegetation was able to recover after having been destroyed by recreation use. Short-term trends in overall species composition were already observable during this 6-year study. Species recovery on eroded hills was related to slope, aspect, and soil type. During the considered time scale, the proportion of hemicryptophytes and the number of ancient forest species increased significantly. A downward trend was detected for Ellenbergs nitrogen and temperature indexes and for the proportion of therophytes and pioneer plants of disturbed places. Changes in species frequencies suggest six recovery strategies: early, late, expanding, disappearing, transient, and fluctuating species. Aside from seedling reproduction from overstory influences, Luzula sylvatica appeared to be the most resilient of the species identified in the study since this species has the highest global frequency in our sampling plots and has increased its cover during the study period. Study results indicate that (1) protection from recreation has initiated the recovery of species in the herb layer, but (2) it may take a long time before vegetation previously present in the ground flora may recover in both density and species composition.