气相分子吸收光谱法测定空气中的氨

文章探索利用气相分子吸收光谱法测定空气中的氨。用稀硫酸吸收液采集空气中的氨,将其转化为硫酸铵,通过次溴酸盐将其氧化成等量的亚硝酸盐,利用气相分子吸收光谱仪测定亚硝酸盐氮的浓度,从而测出空气中氨的浓度。应用气相分子吸收光谱法测定空气中的氨方法准确可靠。     

降低聚丙烯酰胺尾气氨含量的可行性研究

在聚丙烯酰胺生产过程中,利用硫酸吸收含氨的工艺尾气所产生的废液不具有利用价值。改进后的治理措施为:水解工艺尾气从塔底部经过循环被吸收液吸收,吸收液直接与含氨气体逆向接触,含氨污染物进入液相,被吸收液吸收、中和并从气体中除去,然后进入塔上部除雾段,除去气体中携带的雾沫,以确保气体净化效率。经除氨处理后的气体被加工成成品。该工艺可以减小处理气体量,并降低了处理难度。     

氨电极测定空气中氨的方法研究

本文对氨电极测定空气中氨的方法进行了研究，确定了最佳分析条件。分析方法的精密度，其平均变异系数为４７％；平均回收率为９９８％，测定结果与纳氏试剂比色法无显著性差异，该方法适用于空气中氨的测定。     

二氧化硫测定的实验室质量控制

以甲醛缓冲溶液吸收－盐酸副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定空气中的二氧化硫,方法灵敏度高,选择性好,避免了使用含汞的吸收液,但如果实验条件控制不好,试剂空白值及标准曲线的斜率就会不符合《空气和废气监测分析方法》中规定的值,本文着重从操作技巧方面对二氧化硫测定的实验室质量控制进行分析,仅供参考。     

硼酸吸收液对含氨样品测定的影响

纳氏试剂比色法测定氨,用硫酸溶液吸收馏出液,对测定结果无影响;若用硼酸作吸收液,特别是微量测定,要将pH值调至10.0±0.5,才能达到溶液显色反应所要求的碱度,确保测定的精密度和结果的准确度.     

超低排放CEMS样气预处理系统优化

样气预处理产生的冷凝水会吸收样气中SO_2,逃逸氨在预处理过程中与SO_2发生化学反应,对样气中SO_2进行二次吸收,造成CEMS检测SO_2偏低。特别是超低排放限值标准下,损失率会更大。文章以氨法脱硫装置的热抽取式CEMS系统为研究对象,通过在样气预处理中增加动态磷酸滴定和Nafion管,有效解决CEMS系统中冷凝水、逃逸氨对样气中SO_2吸收的问题。     

氨法在烧结烟气脱硫中的应用

在钢铁工业排放的污染物中,烧结烟气中的二氧化硫和焦化废氨水等都是难以处理的污染物。利用焦化废氨水吸收烧结烟气中SO2的氨一硫铵工艺具有脱硫率高、运行可靠、投资低、副产品可以回收等优点,在脱硫的同时也去除了焦化废水中的氨污染,是一种以废治废、有应用前景的新方法。本文介绍了采用焦化废氨水吸收烧结烟气中的SO2的治污方法原理,并对其工艺流程、特点及运行费用等作了分析。     

低能耗回收硫酸铵的氨法脱硫工艺

由洛阳市天誉环保工程有限公司开发的低能耗回收硫酸铵的氨法脱硫工艺,适用于化肥、煤化、化工、钢铁及电力等行业烟气中的二氧化硫治理。主要技术内容一、基本原理烟气首先进入脱硫吸收系统的预脱硫塔内,与雾化后的氨水接触并发生一级吸收反应,85%的SO2被吸收生成亚硫酸铵溶液,与富余氨水一起随烟气进入主脱硫塔底部的集液池。亚硫     

二氧化氮分析方法最低检出限的确定

环境空气中二氧化氮的分析方法为盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法,根据吸收液体积与采样体积的不同方法最低检出限分别为0.010mg/m3(1)、0.005mg/m3(2),而在现场操作与实验室分析过程中为了更准确、方便、快捷、操作性强,对吸收液体积与采样体积作了一定的调整,因此方法的最低检出限通过实验室空白样品的测定重新确定。     

烟气中汞现场监测氧化吸收条件优化研究

以高锰酸钾溶液作为烟气中汞元素的氧化吸收液,通过单因素试验研究了氧化吸收液浓度、反应时间、初始汞浓度、反应温度、pH值对KMnO4对HHg0吸收效率的影响,阐明方法适应性,并将现行采样方法进一步优化.结果 表明,15min后,氧化吸收基本平衡,KMnO4浓度为5mmol/L,反应温度为60℃时KMnO4氧化吸收最佳.强...     

标准加入分光光度法测定废水中氨氮

本文将标准加入法运用于分光光度分析中,排除了废水氨氮测定中复杂的基体干扰,操作简便,结果准确,适合于单个或小批量水样的直接测定。     

Experimental measurement and modeling of the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous ammonia

In this work, the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous ammonia solvent has been studied by applying a newly built wetted wall column. The absorption rate in aqueous ammonia was measured at temperatures from 279 to 304 K for 1 to 10 wt% aqueous ammonia with loadings varying from 0 to 0.8 mol CO₂/mol NH₃. The absorption rate in 30 wt% aqueous mono-ethanolamine (MEA) was measured at 294 and 314 K with loadings varying from 0 to 0.4 as comparison.It was found that at 304 K, the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by 10 wt% NH₃ solvent was comparable to the rates for 30 wt% MEA at 294 and 314 K (a typical absorption temperature for this process). The absorption rate using ammonia was however significantly lower at temperatures of 294 K and lower as applied in the Chilled Ammonia Process. However, at these low temperatures, the rate of absorption in ammonia has only a small temperature dependency.The rate of absorption decreases strongly with decreasing ammonia concentrations and increasing CO₂ loadings.The rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous ammonia solvent was modeled using the measurements of the unloaded solutions and the zwitter-ion mechanism. The model could successfully predict the experimental measurements of the absorption rate of CO₂ in loaded ammonia solutions.     

FS—IV^＋流动注射仪测定地表水中氨氮

铵与碱性酚和次氯酸钠反应生成靛蓝化合物,其色度与铵的浓度成正比,亚硝基氰化物使蓝色增强,在660nm处测量吸光度值;采用Flow Solution-IV^＋（FS-IV^＋）流动注射仪测定地表水中氨氮,检测范围0～10．00mg／L,检出限0．008mg／L,分析速率51个样S／h;对方法精密度、准确度、加标回收进行了实验,结果令人满意。该方法具有自动进样、分析速率快、试剂耗量低等优点,可应用于大批量常规地表水分析。     

火电厂脱硝的尿素制氨技术概述

选择性催化还原法（简称SCR）脱硝用还原剂氨气的制备原料主要有液氨、氨水及尿素三种。由于液氨工艺系统简单,运输、投资、运行成本较低,在目前的工程中已广泛应用,但存在的缺点是对系统的安全性要求较高。根据《危险化学品重大危险源辨识标准》（GB18218—2009）,液氨储量超过10吨视为重大危险源,因此,某些特殊地区（如北京、广州等地）要求还原剂制备系统采用安全性要求较低的尿素工艺。尿素工艺又分为热解法和水解法制氨,本文分别说明了两种工艺的技术原理、工艺流程。     

Biomass Based Sorption Cooling Systems for Cold Storage Applications

Controlled atmospheric storage is a widely popular technique for storage of fruits and vegetables. In this paper, the experimental studies on biomass powered absorption systems for cold storage applications using ammonia water as a working fluid pair is presented. The heat input to the absorption system is supplied by a producer gas obtained from a downdraft gasifier, using firewood as fuel. The system is designed and fabricated to store about 15 MT of fruits and vegetables, having a cooling capacity of 3 TR. The effect of sink temperature, solution flow rate, cooling water flow rate and biomass consumption on the performance of the system has been analyzed. It is found that the real co-efficient of performance of the system is around 0.35 - 0.2, considering the source-site factor for auxiliary power consumption. The operating Cost/h for the biomass based cold storage system is lower than the presently available conventional compression based units.     

天然硅藻土作为吸附材料处理渗滤液的效果研究

利用天然硅藻土在静态条件下对垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮和COD的吸附效果进行了研究。结果表明：天然硅藻土对于氨氮的去除效率只有14．1％;但对COD的去除效率可以达到70．1％;天然硅藻土对于COD的饱和吸附量和吸附速度明显高于其对氨氮的饱和吸附量及吸附速度;在平衡浓度相当高的情况下,每克硅藻土具有吸附65．31mg COD的极限潜力。     

Kinetics of CO2 absorption in aqueous ammonia solution

The kinetics of CO₂ absorption in unloaded aqueous ammonia solution were measured using a string of discs contactor with the aqueous ammonia concentrations ranging 0.9–5.4 kmol/m³ and temperatures ranging 298.3–321.9 K. The reaction rates strongly increase with the concentration and less strongly with temperature. Both the termolecular and zwitterion models were applied in this study as amine solutions. The parameters for both of the models were interpreted. The kinetic rate constants for CO₂ absorption in aqueous ammonia were compared with those for other amines and were found to be around 1/10 that for monoethanolamine. The fitting results for the termolecular mechanism seem more robust than those for the zwitterion mechanism from a statistical perspective.     

Heat of absorption of CO2 in aqueous ammonia and ammonium carbonate/carbamate solutions

A reaction calorimeter was used to determine the enthalpies of absorption of CO₂ in aqueous ammonia and in aqueous solutions of ammonium carbonate at temperatures of 35–80 °C. The heat of absorption of CO₂ with 2.5 wt% aqueous ammonia solution was found to be about 70 kJ/mol CO₂, which is lower than that with MEA (around 85 kJ/mol) at 35 and 40 °C. The value decreases with increased loading, but not to as low a value as expected by the carbonate–bicarbonate reaction (26.88 kJ/mol). The enthalpy of absorption of CO₂ in aqueous ammonia at 60 and 80 °C decreases with loadings at first, then increases between 0.2 mol CO₂/mol NH₃ and 0.6 mol CO₂/mol NH₃, and then decreases again. The behavior of the heat of absorption of CO₂ in 10 wt% ammonium carbonate solution was found to be the same as that of aqueous ammonia at loadings above 0.6 mol CO₂/mol NH₃. The heat of absorption increases with increasing temperature. The heats of absorption are directly related to the extent of the various reactions with CO₂ and can be assessed from the species variation in the liquid phase.     

生物氧化法处理高浓度含氨、含氰废水

通过对用普通活性污泥法法处理高浓度含氨、含氰废水的可行性分析,总结了装置改进后,在工艺流程;微生物的培养及驯化;运行参数的选择等方面的运行情况。提出适宜的浓度范围是: NH3—N<500 mg/l;COD<800 mg/L;氰化物<10 mg/L;镍<10 mg/L。结论为:① 用生物氧化法处理高浓度含氨、含氰废水,不仅可行,而且处理效果比较好;② 该装置的水质适应性比较好,对低浓度的毒性物质有降解作用,如氰化物、镍等;③ 此工艺产生的污泥量比较少。