共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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浅议高等学校实验室中的环境污染 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了高等学校实验室所排放的废液、废气、废渣、过期试剂、放射性物质、生物、病毒等对环境的污染和人体健康的危害,同时提出了减少实验室污染的方法。 相似文献
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环境监测实验室,本身是起着监测污染的目的。但在监测污染,确定污染物分析污染的同时也在产生着污染,分析中必然要使用化学试剂并产生废液,其中不乏剧毒物质、致癌物等。如果直接将废液排放,将对环境造成新的污染,并且这些污染比一般污染更难处理。 相似文献
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钻井废液随钻处理技术在苏北油区的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在对钻井废液随钻不落地处理工艺废液收集单元、破胶脱稳单元、固液分离单元工艺流程分析的基础上,根据随钻处理目标及环保指标,结合在苏北油区的应用分析其实施情况,对现场应用效果进行评价。泥饼固废浸出毒性监测结果表明,悬浮物、COD、石油类等指标满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》第二类污染物最高允许排放浓度二级标准。总结评价该处理装置在节能减排、环保等方面的效果。 相似文献
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采用Top-down技术评定微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水溶性油田化学剂样品中砷、铅、镉、铬含量的测量不确定度。对实验数据偏倚和精密度受控情况进行验证后,以实验内稳定样品的重复测定结果计算实验室内期间相对标准偏差(SP,rel)和实验室内重复性相对标准偏差(Sr,rel),以能力验证结果计算检 测过程偏倚及实验室间精密度相对标准偏差(Sbias,rel),据此评定测量不确定度,从而反映测定方法和实验室的 精密度控制情况。微波消解 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水溶性油田化学剂样品中砷、铅、镉、铬含量的扩展 不确定度分别为17.7%,26.1%,18.7%,19.8%。Top-down精密度法评定测量不确定度操作简便,可反映实验室分析人员操作、仪器重复性和环境条件等因素对不确定度的干扰,避免了繁复的分量计算和模型建立过 程,但Top-down法不能识别分析测试过程中对测量不确定度有较大影响的关键分量。Sbias,rel对扩展不确定度的贡献最大,实验室可通过能力验证结果数据评估检测过程精密度控制情况。 相似文献
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高校实验室废水的调查评价及清洁生产管理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过对四川大学教学计划中实验课程及其排放废水中一类污染物和选课人数的统计,对实验室废水排放情况进行了统计分析评价,找出了主要污染物.并提出了将清洁生产模式运用于实验室废水管理的思路. 相似文献
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固液分离法处理废钻井液的实验研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
废钻井液对环境的污染是一个难以解决的问题。针对塔里木油田的地质情况,使用固液分离法对部分废钻井液样品进行了实验研究工作。固液分离法采用两次处理工艺流程。即先经一级初步絮凝处理和强化离心分离,使大部分固相去除,然后对脱出的废液进行第二级絮凝处理后即可达到排放要求。实验结果表明:固液分离法能够将废钻井液分离成固-液两相,其液相能够达到排放要求,固相残渣对环境污染程度大幅度降低甚至无污染;若将此处理法同其它方法相结合,如坑内密封法、固化法等相结合会得到更满意的环保效果。 相似文献
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工业化进程的加快使得工业水资源需求不断增加,工业废水排放量也越来越大,如何提高工业用水效率从而缓解水资源压力成为日益严峻的问题。本文选取工业用水量、工业就业人数、工业固定资本和工业废水治理费用作为投入指标,以工业增加值与工业废水排放量作为期望与非期望产出指标。首先利用EBM模型计算长江经济带2008—2017年工业用水效率,其次利用泰尔指数来分析工业用水效率的区域差距,最后利用面板Tobit模型来分析影响不同地区工业用水效率的驱动因素。结果显示,近年来长江经济带的工业用水效率呈波动下降趋势,不同地区效率差异明显;经济发展水平、工业化程度、技术水平、水资源禀赋和政府环境管制力度对长江经济带的工业用水效率都有一定影响,但存在地区差异。 相似文献
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Quanfa Zhang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(5):1238-1247
Abstract: In 2002, China launched the South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project after completing a 50‐year feasibility study. By 2050, the three‐route (i.e., East, Middle, and West) project will be capable of transferring 44.8 billion m3/year of water from the water rich Yangtze River to the arid north to alleviate water shortage and help secure a balanced social and economic development across the nation. However, diversion of such a large quantity of water could profoundly change the riverine environment of the upper Yellow River and the lower reach of the Han River, a tributary of the Yangtze River and the water supplying area of the project’s Middle Route, because of changes in the annual discharge. Secondary salinization seems inevitable in the water receiving areas of the North China Plain, and decrease in the discharge of the Yangtze River will result in seawater intrusion into the Yangtze Delta. This paper describes the project and discusses its environmental implications. Additionally, a long‐term monitoring strategy under the umbrella of the Chinese Ecological Research Network is proposed for environmental monitoring. 相似文献
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Chemical and isotopic compositions of the Minjiang River, a headwater tributary of the Yangtze River
We describe the anthropogenic impacts on the major dissolved elements (Cl(-), NO(3)(-)-N, SO(4)(2-), and Na(+)) in the water from the Minjiang River (a headwater tributary of the Yangtze River) and upper Yangtze River in relation to increasing human activity. The major element chemistry and hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur isotopic compositions were investigated. When the Minjiang River flows through the populated Sichuan Basin, the concentrations of Cl(-), NO(3)(-)-N, SO(4)(2-), and Na(+) gradually increase. The increasing SO(4)(2-) in the highly polluted Minjiang River had high delta(34)S values (+6.3 to approximately +13.6 per thousand), implicating the anthropogenic sources of sulfur from air pollutants, domestic wastewater, industrial effluents, and agricultural fertilizers. The water quality of the upper Yangtze River does not worsen after receiving the Minjiang River because the water from the lightly polluted Jinshajiang River contributes most of the total flux in the Yangtze River. However, these rivers deserve attention and further research because the Yangtze River is the most important river in China in terms of water quality. 相似文献
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C. W. Fetter 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1977,13(2):309-324
ABSTRACT: Ground-water pumpage withdrew 57 cubic feet per second from aquifers beneath the Yahara River Basin in 1970. Forty-six cubic feet per second were exported by the diversion of treated wastewater from the drainage basin. The low-flow hydrology of the upper Yahara River has been impacted by this diversion. Prior to 1959, the wastewater was discharged into the river, augmenting the baseflow during low-flow periods. As much as 85% of streamflow was due to effluent discharge. In 1959 the wastewater was transferred from the river basin. The result was a decrease of about one-third in mean annual streamflow, and a decrease of more than 50% in the 7Q2 and 7Q10. Regression analysis showed the annual 7-day low-flow and 60-day low-flow have a statistically significant correlation with mean annual flow. Using predictions of future mean annual discharge of the river with increasing interbasin transfers, it is shown that by 1990 there is a significant probability that in some years the 60-day low-flow in the river will be zero. 相似文献
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金沙江流域水土流失与人类活动影响分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
长江三峡水利枢纽工程能否正常发挥效益,泥沙是重要的制约因素之一,而水库的泥沙主要来自上游金沙江,其多年平均输沙量占入库寸滩站的527%。因此,本文对金沙江泥沙的地区组成、水土流失及人类活动影响等问题进行了深入的分析,并提出了防治对策。 相似文献