缫丝废液的综合利用

缫丝废液中含有丰富的蛋白质，直接排入严重污染环境，废液中的蛋白质能用化学或生物化学方面水解成有用的氨基酸，后者是化学，医药，食品，饲料工业的重要原料，本文报道了缫丝废液中蛋白质酸水解和酶水解的研究结果以及部分酶水解的规律。     

桑蚕蛹资源及其综合开发前景

我国有桑蚕蛹资源５０万ｔ／ａ，干蛹蛋白质高达４８．９８％．氨基酸种类齐全，８种必需氨基酸占４１％。目前大部分蚕蛹仅作为饲料使用，高蛋白资源的浪费极大。蚕蛹可开发２０多种保健食品、纺织、轻化工产品．综合开发经济效益高．具有广阔的开发前景。     

鹧鸪的饲养价值及其经济效益

鹧鸪为鸡形口，雉种，鹑属，是集观赏、食肉、药用于一身的名贵野生珍禽。鹧鸪骨细肉厚、肉嫩味美、营养丰富，不仅是人们餐桌上的美味佳肴，而且是人体的滋补品。据测定：鹧鸪的蛋白质含量为３０－１％，比珍珠鸡、鹌鹑和肉鸡分别高６－８％、６－８％和４－１％；脂肪含量为３－６％，比珍珠鸡和肉鸡分别低４－１％和４－２％；含人体所需的１８种氨基酸和６４％的不饱合脂肪酸，属高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇的优质野味营养肉食品。目前，鹧鸪的数量仍很少，而人们需求量又在不断增加，故不论商品鹧鸪或种用鹧鸪均供不应求。据福建省永定县…     

深度开发板栗大有可为

深度开发板栗大有可为板栗又称栗子，其性味甘温，甜郁香浓，具有养胃健脾、补中益气、养肾强筋、活血止血等功效，自古以来一直被作为食疗药品。据现代营养学家测定，板栗含蛋白质５．７％、脂肪２％、碳水化合物６２％、淀粉２５％、矿物质Ｉ．３％，此外还富含Ｂ族维生...     

浮选柱用于油田回注水处理的研究

本文提出了处理含油污水的新型气浮设备─—浮选柱。在实验室装置上研究了其结构参数和操作参数对浮选性能的影响。研究结果表明：浮选柱是一种具有高效、节能等优点的含油污水处理装置，除油率在９０％左右，处理１ｍ３污水能耗为０．１１３ｋＷｈ，比从国外引进的ＷＥＭＣＯ充气浮选机能耗低５０％，成本仅为ＷＥＭＣＯ充气浮选机的１／５。本浮选柱已获得中国专利。     

利用煮茧废水培养钝顶螺旋藻的初步研究

本文对缫丝厂煮茧废水和Ｚａｒｒｒｏｕｋ培养基的主要营养成份进行了分析比较，筛选出了适合钝顶螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ）在煮茧废水中生长繁殖的培养基和与之相适应的驯化藻种。经室外１５０升煮茧废水扩大培养，干藻生物量可达１６．０３克／米￣２·天，粗蛋白含量达５８．６％，含有１７种氨基酸。比用Ｚａｒｒｏｕｋ培养基培养的螺旋藻产量提高１５．７８％，成本减少８０％以上。培养后的煮茧废水ＣＯＤ和ＢＯＤ＿５浓度低于我国污水综合排放标准。研究结果表明：采用本实验室筛选的煮茧废水培养基和驯化藻种，在煮茧废水中大量培养螺旋藻，实现废水资源化是可行的，具有明显的经济效益和环境效益。     

废弃聚合物钻井液化学脱水处理技术的实验研究

在分析废弃聚合物钻井液组成的基础上，对采用化学固液分离无害化处理方法进行了实验研究。以部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＨＰＡＭ）、聚电解质Ａ为絮凝剂和混合酸为凝聚剂的复合絮凝剂配方，可以彻底破坏ＨＰＡＭ类型废弃钻井液的胶体体系，使废浆液絮凝脱水。通过３口井废钻井液样品的絮凝试验，加药剂后废浆液自然脱水率为２５％～３５％，１３．３ｋＰａ压差下抽滤出水率为５１％～６０％，絮凝残渣无再造浆能力。     

富万稼有机钾肥生产技术

由陕西省巨川富万钾公司开发、陕西省环境保护局推荐的富万稼有机钾肥适用于粮、油、果树、蔬菜、烟草、茶叶、瓜类、薯类、花卉等各种作物和各种土壤。主要技术内容产品由钾和有机物等成分组成，K２O含量在１８％以上，有机质的含量在４８０．０g／１～１５２０．０g／１，为棕色液体，可与水以任何比例兑成，pH６～８，不含有害物质。投资效益一、经济效益：产品以喷施为主，使用方便，可与农药混合使用，可减少农药用量１０％～２０％。可促进作物早熟，平均早熟５～１５天，肥效是无机钾肥的３～５倍，增产幅度大，粮食作物平均增产１…     

开发雄蜂蛹前景广阔

雄蜂蛹作为高级食品来源，正日益受到国内外广泛重视。雄蜂蛹营养丰富，蛋白质含量为２０３％、脂肪７５％、碳水化合物１９５％，并含有多种微量元素、维生素、生物活性物质。如维生素Ａ的含量仅次于鱼肝油，远高于肉、鱼、奶类食物；维生素Ｄ含量则是鱼肝油的１０...     

水和废水中酞酸酯类化合物液相色谱分析方法验证

为了对水和废水中酞酸酯类化合物液相色谱分析方法进行验证实验。对方法的最低检出限、校准曲线、密码样和实际水样精密度、准确度，进行了全面的测定分析，三种酞酸酯类化合物的最低检出限为：５．０１～１７．８０ｎｇ，相对标准偏差小于４．２％，加标回收率在８４．１％～９８．９％范围内。     

掌叶大黄叶资源的开发与利用

对掌叶大黄叶中的药用成分做了定性分析,运用凯氏定氮法和液相色谱仪对粗蛋白和氨基酸的含量进行了测定。实验结果表明:掌叶大黄叶中含有多种药用成分,含有除色氨酸以外的7种人体必需氨基酸,粗蛋白含量在叶及叶柄中分别为干重的0 5712%和1 896%。在此基础上,对掌叶大黄叶资源的开发与利用进行了讨论。     

A solid-phase microextraction chamber method for analysis of manure volatiles

Odors from livestock operations are a complex mixture of volatile carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. Currently, detailed volatiles analysis is both time consuming and requires specialized equipment and methods. This work describes a new method that utilizes a dynamic flux chamber, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to describe and compare the odorous compounds emitted from cattle and swine feces. Evaluation of method parameters produced a protocol for comparing relative emissions based on fixed sample temperature (20 degrees C) and exposed surface area (approximately 523 cm(2)), air flow rates (1 L min(-1) or 16 cm s(-1)), SPME exposure time (5 min), and chamber cleaning procedures (70% ethanol rinse and drying for 30 min at 105 degrees C) to minimize cross-contamination between samples. A variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including alcohols, volatile fatty acids, aromatic ring compounds, ketones, esters, and sulfides were routinely detected and the relative emissions from fresh and incubated (37 degrees C overnight) swine and cattle feces were compared as a measure of potential to produce odorants during manure storage. Differences in the types and relative quantities of volatiles emitted were detected when animal species (cattle or swine), diet, fecal incubation, or sample storage conditions (20, 4, or -20 degrees C) were varied.     

东亚飞蝗和中华蚱蜢的蛋白质与脂肪酸分析

对东亚飞蝗和中华蚱蜢的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪与脂肪酸进行了分析研究 ,并与常见食品的有关营养成分进行比较。结果表明 ,东亚飞蝗和中华蚱蜢是一类高蛋白、低脂肪、富含必需氨基酸和脂肪酸 ,具有很高营养价值的昆虫食品资源。     

The Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Crude Oil on the Growth and Metabolism of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Seedlings

Summary The effect of crude oil contaminated soil at various sublethal concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%) on the growth and metabolism of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seedlings was studied. The results showed that crude oil induced environmental stress in the seedlings. This is indicated by the increase in free sugar, total protein and amino acids and a decrease in chlorophyll contents of the leaves of 12-day-old seedlings. The activities of total amylase and starch phosphorylase from the cotyledon and mitotic activity of the meristems of the root of 4-day-old seedling were inhibited by the various concentrations except at 0.5%, which showed stimulation of cellular and metabolic activities relative to seedlings in the control treatment.     

Bioconversion of sugarcane bagasse into a protein-rich product by white rot fungus

The fungus Pleurotus ostreatus NRRL-2366 degraded 56.7% and 45.9% of untreated and chemically pretreated (delignified) sugarcane bagasse, respectively, during 14-day incubation in a submerged fermentation process. The biodegradation percentages of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were 33.0%, 72.5% and 14.5%, respectively. An increment of 22.6% of crude protein content in the residual fermented material was observed. Chemical composition of the end-product and its amino acids profile were reported.     

Validation of the in vitro gastrointestinal (IVG) method to estimate relative bioavailable lead in contaminated soils

The effect of the dosing vehicle (e.g., dough) on the ability of an in vitro gastrointestinal (IVG) method to predict relative bioavailable Pb associated with soil ingestion was evaluated. Bioaccessible Pb determined by the IVG method was compared with relative bioavailable Pb measured from dosing trials using juvenile swine for 18 contaminated soils ranging from 1270 to 14200 mg Pb kg(-1). Bioaccessible Pb was measured in the IVG gastric extraction (GE) and intestinal extraction (IE) solutions. Mean bioaccessible Pb values were 32.2% for GE without dough, 23.0% for GE with dough, 1.06% for IE without dough, and 0.56% for IE with dough. It is possible that phytic acid associated with the dough addition decreased bioaccessible Pb. In vivo relative bioavailable Pb ranges for different swine tissues were 1 to 87% for blood, 0 to 110% for liver, 1 to 124% for kidney, and 0.04 to 94% for bone. Strong linear relationships between IVG GE Pb with dough (r > 0.76, P < 0.0002), IVG IE Pb with dough (r > 0.56, P < 0.015), and IVG GE Pb without dough (r > 0.81, P < 0.0001) and in vivo bioavailable Pb as estimated with blood, kidney, liver, and bone were found. Inexpensive in vitro methods may be useful in providing an estimate of the variability in relative bioavailable Pb at a single study site. The IVG method can be used to estimate relative bioavailable Pb, As, and Cd in contaminated soil.     

Tracing nitrate transport and environmental impact from intensive swine farming using delta nitrogen-15

Natural-abundance delta15N showed that nitrate generated from commercial land application of swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) waste within a North Carolina Coastal Plain catchment was being discharged to surface waters by ground water passing beneath the sprayfields and adjacent riparian buffers. This was significant because intensive swine farms in North Carolina are considered non-discharge operations, and riparian buffers with minimum widths of 7.6 m (25 ft) are the primary regulatory control on ground water export of nitrate from these operations. This study shows that such buffers are not always adequate to prevent discharge of concentrated nitrate in ground water from commercial swine farms in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, and that additional measures are required to ensure non-discharge conditions. The median delta15N-total N of liquids in site swine waste lagoons was +15.4 +/- 0.2% vs. atmospheric nitrogen. The median delta15N-NO3 values of shallow ground water beneath and adjacent to site sprayfields, a stream draining sprayfields, and waters up to 1.5 km downstream were + 15.3 +/- 0.2 to + 15.4 +/- 0.2%. Seasonal and spatial isotopic variations in lagoons and well waters were greatly homogenized during ground water transport and discharge to streams. Neither denitrification nor losses of ammonia during spraying significantly altered the bulk ground water delta15N signal being delivered to streams. The lagoons were sources of chloride and potassium enrichment, and shallow ground water showed strong correlation between nitrate N, potassium, and chloride. The 15N-enriched nitrate in ground water beneath swine waste sprayfields can thus be successfully traced during transport and discharge into nearby surface waters.     

Influence of thymol and a urease inhibitor on coliform bacteria, odor, urea, and methane from a swine production manure pit

Pathogens, ammonia, odor, and greenhouse gas emissions are serious environmental concerns associated with swine production. This study was conducted in two manure pits (33,000 L each) to determine the influence of 1.5 or 3.0 g thymol L(-1) and 80 mg L(-1) urease inhibitor amendments on urea accumulation, coliform bacteria, odor, and methane emission. Each experiment lasted 18 or 19 d, during which time 30 to 36 250-mL samples (six per day) were withdrawn from underneath each pit and analyzed for urea, thymol, volatile fatty acids, coliform bacteria, and Campylobacter. At the end of each experiment, six 50-g samples from each pit were placed in serum bottles, and gas volume and composition were determined periodically for 28 d. Compared with the control pit, volatile fatty acids production was reduced 64 and 100% for the thymol amendments of 1.5 and 3.0 g L(-1), respectively. Viable coliform cells were reduced 4.68 and 5.88 log10 colony-forming units kg(-1) of slurry for the 1.5 and 3.0 g thymol L(-1), respectively, and Escherichia coli were reduced 4.67 and 5.01 log10 colony-forming units kg(-1) of slurry, respectively. Campylobacter was not detected in the pits treated with thymol, in contrast to 63% of the samples being positive for the untreated pit. Urea accumulated in the treated pits from Day 3 to 6. Total gas production from serum bottles was reduced 65 and 76% for thymol amendments of 1.5 and 3.0 g L(-1), respectively, and methane was reduced 78 and 93%, respectively. These results suggest that thymol markedly reduces pathogens, odor, and greenhouse gas emissions from a swine production facility. The urease inhibitor produced a temporary response in conserving urea.     

用水解酸化-好氧接触氧化法处理含油污水

通过对耐盐微生物的驯化培养,采用水解酸化-好氧接触氧化工艺,对一定矿化度条件下含油污水进行了处理。试验证明,在矿化度为2～5g/L时,利用耐盐驯化的微生物,采用水解酸化-好氧接触氧化工艺处理污水,CODcr去除率可达80%以上。该系统运行稳定,运行成本较低。