江苏凹凸棒石粘土的开发利用

本文详细介绍了江苏凹凸棒石粘土的矿床特征、特殊性质和广泛用途。分析了凹凸棒石粘土的利用现状和开发前景，作者提出了进一步开发利用的若干建议。     

水溶开采岩盐矿环境影响评价重点与污染防治措施探讨

随着科技进步和经济发展,地下卤水和岩盐矿床逐步得到开发利用,该类矿床开采引起的环境影响日益受到关注。本文在分析水溶开采岩盐矿钻探工艺和采输工程基础上,重点分析了岩盐矿水溶开采项目环境影响评价中的污染源及源强,着重阐述了重点污染源的环境影响。并针对特征环境影响因素提出了指导性的环境防护措施。     

运用地球化学防治矿山环境污染

本文阐述了运用地球化学防治矿山环境污染的基本原理和一些应用实例,介绍了矿山环境污染和地球化学的基本联系;阐述了地球化学勘查方法和对尾矿、废石以及矿山酸性废水的治理的应用;探讨了美国在矿床的地球化学背景和基准值、矿床地质—环境模型应用方面的先进经验,并针对国情提出了一些其它防治矿山环境污染的地球化学方法。     

江苏凹凸棒石粘土的开发利用

本文详细介绍了江苏凹凸棒石粘土的矿床特征、特殊性质和广泛用途。分析了凹凸棒石粘土的利用现状和开发前景,作者提出了进一步开发利用的若干建议。     

辽宁丹东菱镁矿资源的开发利用

丹东菱镁矿资源丰富,主要分布在岫岩、风城、宽甸。现有大型矿床2处,中型矿床3处,小型矿床4处,总储量约11亿t以上,储量和质量分别居全国第2位,世界第3位。菱镁矿地质构造位置为中朝准地台辽东台隆营口一宽甸台拱上。区域地层主要为辽河群变质岩系,其中大石桥组三段白云石大理岩为含菱镁矿岩系,全区有3个菱镁矿带,北部带最好。其中王家堡子菱镁矿矿体顶板围岩主要为条带灰-灰白色白云石大理岩;底板围岩为含量大理岩,矿体与围岩为渐变关系,矿体呈似层状,透镜状,矿体走向315°～340°,倾向南或北,倾角42°～76°,矿体产状与围光产状一致。矿石结构以不等粒花岗变晶结构及细粒变晶结构,矿石构造以巨层     

开发玉龙铜矿的经济评价

本文分析了开发玉龙铜矿床的优势条件．对玉龙铜矿的开发进行了效益评估,并提出了可持续开发对策．     

青海矿产资源简介

青海省是一个资源大省,特别是黄河上游水电资源、盐湖资源,石油、天然气、黄金、有色金属、非金属矿产资源丰富.截至1993年底,青海省累计发现矿产123种,占全国发现163种的75.45%;探明储量的矿产103种,占全国探明储量的151种的68.21%;在已探明储量的矿产中,燃料矿产4种,金属矿产41种,非金属矿产55种,其他水气矿产3种.据不完全统计,青海省已发现的矿产地(包括矿床、矿点和矿化点)2500余处,具有一定价值的矿床和矿点1480余处,探明储量的矿产地670余处.按矿床规模分,大型119处,中型141处,小型及小小型268处.有关资料曾对青海省65种矿产计算得保有储量潜在总值17.26万亿元,人均占有量345万元(全国人均占有量为7.52万元)每平方公里土地面积占有量为2396.95万元(全国为889.     

浅谈察尔汗盐湖钾资源现状与存在的问题及应对措施

察尔汗盐湖是我国目前已探明的最大钾、钠、镁资源矿床。本文从察尔汗盐湖钾资源的现状及存在的问题入手,提出了应对措施,为察尔汗盐湖开发起到积极作用。     

节能减排 清洁生产 建设一流绿色环保矿山——包钢(集团)公司白云鄂博铁矿节能减排工作

白云鄂博铁矿于1957年建矿,是包钢(集团)公司的主要原料基地,位于内蒙古自治区包头市达茂旗境内,以矿床类型奇特、矿物种类繁多、稀土和铌蕴藏量大而驰名中外。建矿54年来,白云鄂博铁矿始终坚持"在保护中开采、在开采中保护",大力推进节能减排和清洁生产,严格执行环保除尘设施与主体生产设施同步运行,在环境污染防治方面采取了很多行之有     

四川城口锰矿氧化矿石的利用与保护

城口锰矿发现于50年代末,大量地质工作始于1966年,1978年结束矿区初步勘探工作。经大量地质工作证实,该区为一大型沉积锰矿床;其中,地表浅部次生氧化矿石已于1977年被开发利用,加工生产的锰粉畅销省内外,收到了显著的经济和社会效益,对振兴该县经济起到了重要作用。城口锰矿地处四川东北边缘大巴山区,     

Longevity of acid discharges from underground mines located above the regional water table

The duration of acid mine drainage flowing out of underground mines is important in the design of watershed restoration and abandoned mine land reclamation projects. Past studies have reported that acid water flows from underground mines for hundreds of years with little change, while others state that poor drainage quality may last only 20 to 40 years. More than 150 above-drainage (those not flooded after abandonment) underground mine discharges from Pittsburgh and Upper Freeport coal seams were located and sampled during 1968 in northern West Virginia, and we revisited 44 of those sites in 1999-2000 and measured water flow, pH, acidity, Fe, sulfate, and conductivity. We found no significant difference in flows between 1968 and 1999-2000. Therefore, we felt the water quality data could be compared and the data represented real changes in pollutant concentrations. There were significant water quality differences between year and coal seam, but no effect of disturbance. While pH was not significantly improved, average total acidity declined 79% between 1968 and 1999-2000 in Pittsburgh mines (from 66.8 to 14 mmol H+ L(-1)) and 56% in Upper Freeport mines (from 23.8 to 10.4 mmol H+ L(-1)). Iron decreased an average of about 80% across all sites (from an average of 400 to 72 mg L(-1)), while sulfate decreased between 50 and 75%. Pittsburgh seam discharge water was much worse in 1968 than Upper Freeport seam water. Twenty of our 44 sites had water quality information in 1980, which served as a midpoint to assess the slope of the decline in acidity and metal concentrations. Five of 20 sites (25%) showed an apparent exponential rate of decline in acidity and iron, while 10 of 20 sites (50%) showed a more linear decline. Drainage from five Upper Freeport sites increased in acidity and iron. While it is clear that surface mines and below-drainage underground mines improve in discharge quality relatively rapidly (20-40 years), above-drainage underground mines are not as easily predicted. In total, the drainage from 34 out of 44 (77%) above-drainage underground mines showed significant improvement in acidity over time, some exponentially and some linearly. Ten discharges showed no improvement and three of these got much worse.     

川北高台原区废弃煤矿枯水期矿井涌水水化学特征及成因分析

对废弃煤矿矿井涌水的水化学特征及成因进行分析,可为保护矿区地下水环境提供理论支撑.基于地质背景,通过对比枯水季节川北高台原区废弃煤矿矿井涌水与背景泉点水化学指标,并采用聚类分析方法对矿井涌水中离子指标进行统计,进而对其特征及成因进行了研究.结果表明:地层中黄铁矿中硫元素氧化是矿井涌水水化学特征变化的开端,受研究区矿井涌...     

Effect of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-product on water quality at an underground coal mine

In this paper, a field study was carried out to examine the effect of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-product on water quality at an underground coal mine in central-eastern Ohio. Flue gas desulfurizalion by-product was injected into the down-dip portions of the Robert-Dawson mine in an attempt to seal major seeps exiting the mine and to coat exposed pyritic surfaces. Immediately following grout injection, significant increases in acidity, iron, aluminum, sulfur, and calcium were observed at most surface and ground water locations near where grouting was carried out. Following this initial flush of elements, concentrations of most constituents have decreased to near pre-grouting levels. Data from the site and geochemical modeling suggest that an increase in water level or rerouting of drainage flow resulted in the dissolution of iron and aluminum sulfate salts and ferrihydrite. Dissolution of the FGD grout material resulted in increases in calcium and sulfate concentrations in the drainage waters. Water within the mine voids was saturated with respect to calcium sulfate and gypsum immediately following grout injection. Based on an analysis of core samples obtained from the site, acid mine drainage (AMD) was in contact with at least some portions of the grout and this resulted in grout weathering. Subsequent transport of calcium and sulfate to the underclay, perhaps by fracture flow, has resulted in the deposition of gypsum and calcium sulfate solids.     

章丘市地下水可持续利用研究

章丘市水资源储量丰富,但由于人工开采、工农业生产、矿坑排水等原因造成了严重的泉水断流,现已成为严重的资源型缺水地区。为了保证国民经济的持续发展,保护和改善生态环境,根据章丘市水文地质情况,提出了合理开采地表水与地下水、节水与提高重复利用率、加强地下水资源污染的防治与保护等措施。这些措施可以从根本上解决章丘市水资源短缺和水环境质量恶化的问题,并最终实现以水资源的可持续利用来支撑整个国民经济可持续发展的目的。     

Thermodynamic Controls on Quality of Water From Underground Coal Mines in Colorado1

ABSTRACT: Water samples collected from 14 underground coal mines in Colorado were analyzed for major dissolved constituents. The data indicate the water quality of 13 of the samples has developed by the interaction of calcite saturated ground water with sodium rich marine shales. Those samples that displayed evidence of being most completely reacted were composed almost entirely of sodium and bicarbonate ions and had a calcium to sodium activity ratio of 0.16, similar to that of seawater. The one sample that was not saturated with respect to calcite was saturated with respect to gypsum. The dissolved solids concentration attainable by dissolution of gypsum is much less than that attainable by the calcite marine shale equilibration, or approximately 2,500 milligrams per liter. By considering the maximum predicted concentrations of dissolved solids in relation to promulgated water quality criteria, it is possible to predict the hazards of reuse of this mine drainage. The primary problems would be damage or destruction of crops if the drainage water was used for irrigation. In addition, some samples contained concentrations of chloride and sulfate in excess of recommended standards for public water supplies.     

赵各庄煤矿矿井排水资源化综合利用研究

赵各庄矿井排水主要为巷道涌水及奥灰水疏水降压排水,排水量大;巷道涌水悬浮物、矿化度均较高,Cd、Pb含量超标,奥灰水疏水降压排水水质良好。针对矿井排水水量、水质特征,给出了矿井排水处理方式及利用规划,可使矿井水得到综合利用,取得良好的水资源化效益。     

ESTABLISHING PRIORITIES IN MINE DRAINAGE REDUCTION A COST-EFFECTIVENESS APPROACH1

ABSTRACT Twenty-seven watersheds in the Susquehanna River Basin are severely degraded by acid mine drainage pollution. Approximately 620 miles of significant tributaries as well as 230 miles of principal rivers are either sterile or intermittently degraded by acid slugs. As a result of the acid discharges, many uses of the streams, such as water supply and recreation, are precluded. In the past, acid mine drainage abatement programs did not look beyond the immediate problem area. No considerations were given to the blending effect of natural alkalinity in other streams. Since the abatement of acid mine drainage pollution is extremely costly, a method of minimizing these costs was needed. The systematic, cost-effectiveness approach, discussed in this paper presents such a method. This system allows the water resources planners to control the allocation of funds for maximizing the abatement of acid mine drainage.     

矿山尾矿酸性废水源头控制技术研究进展

矿山尾矿酸性废水的治理是采矿行业关注的一个热点问题。作者在论述矿山尾矿酸性废水的成因、水质特征及危害的基础上,评述了主要的源头控制技术方法,包括尾矿脱硫技术、施用T.f菌杀菌剂技术、覆盖法、表面钝化处理技术,指出了各种源头控制技术方法在实际应用中面临的一些问题,提出源头控制技术和末端治理技术的联合使用将会是未来研究的重点。     

Environmental impact of mining in Ghana: issues and answers

As part of the process of drafting environmental guidelines for mining, a study of the impact of mining on the environment was undertaken by the Ghanaian Minerals Commission. The study evaluated the impact of underground mines and surface mines on the physical environment as well as their socio-economic impact. Among its conclusions: for both types of mines, drainage emptying out into rivers is a major cause of pollution; mine roads open up uninhabited regions to farming and other uses. Underground mines employ more workers than surface mines; the socioeconomic benefits of the surface mines to local people are less than those of underground mines.     

水资源研究中几个问题的探讨

本文讨论了区域水资源的评价问题.无论是地表水、地下水,还是土壤水都是来源于大气降水,降水资源才是区域总水资源;同时讨论了区域水资源的平衡原理.降水资源转化了截留水、地表水、土壤水和地下水4项水资源.该文对这2种不同的水体进行了深入讨论,着重论述了土壤水资源的概念及其特征.并对潜水蒸发和水资源的价值问题提出了看法.