Importance Must Be Attached to Seismic Disaster Reduction in the Surge of Urbanization

A cluster of seismic disasters attacked many areas of the world in1 999,such as the7.4Ms earth-quake in Turkey on 1 7August and the 7.6Ms earthquake in Chinese Taiwan on 2 1 September,causing great casualty and enormous property loss.How to raise the aseismatic capacity of citieshas since become a hottopic of public concern worldwide.China is a country afflicted with frequent earthquakes.Its over3 0 0 0 -year seismic records haveindicated the frequency,intensity and severity of seismic disa…     

APPUNTI SULLA MORFOLOGIA DELLA GROTTA MASERA 2213 Lo-Co (Como)

Some remarks on the morphology of the cave 《Masera》 2213 Lo-Co (Como, Italy) The Masera cave is a temporary overflow spring situated on the eastern side of the western branch ofthe Como Lake. The cave hydrology has already been studied in a previous work (Cappa 1970). Only themorphology and the structure of the cave are considered in the present paper. It appears from the structural analysis that the cave develops mainly along the bedding-planes with adip N 5°E and with a lesser frequency at the junction of groups of joints. The general morphology of the ca-ve is rather uniform because it is a bedding-cave with a quadrangular cross-section. The morphology of de-tails, on the contrary, is very rich with different forms. Among these the most interesting are:— Bedding plane anastomoses and ceiling channels whose genesis is related to breakdown events. The chan-nels are very frequent and cross the ceiling of passages disappeaning into the rock wall.— Underground karren due to water during floods.— Scallops showing the existence of fast flowing water.— Glacial and alluvial deposits which partially filled the cave for long times.— Ripple-marks and other beach features due to flood waters.— Different kinds of dendritic surge marks and erosional rills.— Thin deposits of manganese on pebbles and formations. Sometimes these films are partially eroded. From the morpho-structural analysis some information on the speleogenesis and the recent evolutionof the cave during the Quaternary is obtained. According to the results reported in this paper the Masera cave(m 329 above sea level) appears to be already existing before the occurrence of the Quaternary glaciations.The glaciations had a minor influence on the cave morphology.     

Enhancing Meteorological Disaster Forecast Capability to Sustain Social-Economic Development

With a wide and complicated territory,a large span of latitude from the south to the north anddistinct monsoon variations,China is one of those areas afflicted with frequent meteorologicaldisasters in the world,such as drought,flood,typhoon,megatherm,cool injury,early frostandsnow,which have taken on an aggravating tendency in recent years.In 1 991 ,the Changjiang-Huaihe Region (CHR) witnessed a severe,sustained flood rarely seen in the past decades.In1 994,floods attacked South China,Nort…     

Marine Disaster Reduction in China

1Coastal economic- social developmentand marine disasterThe ocean covers71 % of the earth's surface.It is the cradle of life on earth,the treasure ofresources and an important adjuster of the environment.Now we have come to realize thatexploration of the ocean is an important solution to global issues including resource shortage,population explosion and environmental degradation.Man mustrely more and more on the oceanin order to achieve sustainable development.The2 1 st Century will be a cent…     

Strategic Orientation and Basic Exploration Thinking of the Western Development of China

1 Western development strategy is nationwide. The Western development strategy is initiated from the general goal, the overall arrangement and the general strategic deployment of the nation's development. The followings are included: (1) the initiative factors of the western development strategy are: a tremendous economic growth in the eastern and coastal area of China; an unprecedented development of the national abilities on investment and independent growth; the widening gap between the ea…     

Concept of Flood Risk Map and Its Application

1 The concept of flood risk map and its mapping procedure Flood risk management is the process for analysis and assessment of flood risks as well as to form and implement the disaster mitigation plans. Flood risk analysis is the basic work of flood risk assessment and management that can provide people with the possibilities of flood occurrence and its risk in specific areas and consequently raise the public awareness of flood help to form a reasonable flood prevention plan. However, flood ris…     

Study on Flood Disasters in China

The occurrence of a flood disaster is a reflection of both nature and society:natural condition of aflood disaster is the appearance of floodwater,which is requisite;while the social-economic causeas a sufficient condition lies in human activities.We can classify flood disasters into fourcategories according to their formation mechanism and regional characteristics:burst,overflow,flood catastrophe and deluge.China is a country of frequent flood disasters.From2 0 0 B.C.to1 949,there had occurr…     

Diazinon Fate and Toxicity in the Tajan River (Iran) Ecosystem

Abstract This study surveyed the behavior of diazinon pesticide in the water column of the Tajan River and its potential effects on river biota. The Tajan River is located on the southern basin of the Caspian Sea in Iran and diazinon enters the river from rice fields almost every year between the months of June and October. The sampling plan of flowing water was plotted in a 3-week period on five sites along the river and also at the end of tributaries. Samples were collected seven times during a 6-month period; they were analyzed for diazinon residues and some physicochemical characteristics. Total diazinon concentration range was between 0.01 and 46.99?μg/L in sampling stations. The calibrated AQUATOX model was applied to simulate fate processes and ecotoxicity of diazinon in the Tajan River. The model demonstrated that the diazinon residues in the Tajan River reacted to three major degradation processes (microbial, hydrolysis, and photolysis) and sedimentation; however, the river discharge played the m...     

PRIMI DATI SULLA PRESENZA IN BRESCIA DI CORNACCHIA GRIGIA Corvus corone cornix

RIASSUNTO-In due aree della città di Brescia si è accertata la presenza non occasionale di Cornacchiegrigie.Queste aree sono localizzate a nord ed a ovest(dove è stata rilevata la presenza di un nido)del centro storico della città.La presenza delle Cornacchie è simile nelle due aree di studio e varia infunzione della stagione e della presenza umana.L'Autore discute il vantaggio adattativo di tale colonizza-zione,anche se il limite imposto dall'esiguo numero di soggetti per ora presenti impone cautela nell'inter-pretazione dei dati.First data on the presence of Hooded Crows Corvus corone cornix in Brescia(NorthernItaly).Two areas near the centre of the town of Brescia were kept under observation in the courseof the day and of the year to ascertain the non occasional presence of hooded crows.These areas arelocalized north and west from the centre of the town.The number of Hooded Crows is similar in bothareas but,throughout the year,it fluctuates with seasons and human presence.A nest presence hasbeen ascertained in the western area were the animals are more regularly present throughout the year.I argue the adaptive advantage of this colonization.     

STAZIONE MESOLITICA A LONATO(BS),LOCALITA CASE VECCHIE

The Author describes the Mesolithic assemblage recovered along the shores of a small inter-morainic basin located a few kilometres southeast of Lonato in the province of Brescia.It is mostly attribu-ted to the Castenovian,Early Atlantic period,even though typologically earlier types such as hypermicrolithicscalene triangles and lunates are present in the surface collection.A short discussion on the other finds andstations today known in the area concludes the article.     

PAOLO BIAGI——STAZIONE MESOLITICA A PROVAGLIO D'ISEO

SUMMARY-The Author describes a flint industry found on the Würmian soils of thesouthern coast of Lake Iseo.The flint industry is attributed to a Late Mesolithic TrapezeComplex.Some considerations on the Mesolithic period in Lombardy conclude the article.PREMESSALa stazione mesolitica oggetto della presente nora è ubicata sul culmi-     

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction in China

1Background of ISDRSince man appeared on the planet,various natural disasters such as flood,drought,earthquake,typhoon,volcano and so on have been a constant threat to the existence and development of themankind.Itis through long-standing struggle with the disasters thatthe human race has survivedand evolved.In this sense,the human history is a history of human beings fighting againstdisasters.In the long history,human beings have combated disasters in a more and more organized way,from indi…     

Introduction to the Journal of“Natural Disaster Reduction in China”

The journal of“Natural Disaster Reduction in China”is a comprehensive publication,and itstarted publication in 1 991 .The publication includes:(1 ) the policies of relevant government departments regardingnatural disaster reduction,prevention and resistance;(2 ) a monthly or seasonal introduction tonatural disaster situations;(3) the prediction,prevention and countermeasures against naturaldisasters in the fields of hydrology,meteorology,oceanology,seismology,agriculture,forestry,geology,mi…     

IL Troglophilus cavicola (KOLLAR) IN LOMBARDIA: UNA MESSA A PUNTO——Orthoptera Rhaphidophoridae

151 spots populated by Troglophilus cavicola (Kollar) in Lombardy province are given: 124are quite new (4 in Como county, 10 in Bergamo county and 110 in Brescia county). Being a good number of spots (60%) located in areas planted with Fagus sylvatica trees and saved bythe last two glaciations, Authors put forward a theory according to which the presence of Troglophilus in thecaves (natural or artificial) is depending on two concomitant causes:1) Fagus sylvatica 《habitat》 is similar to caves 《habitat》.2) Fagus sylvatica quite disappeared during and between the last two glaciations.During Quaternary period with the win back of the territories by Fagus sylvatica, we are watching anew colonization by Troglophilus cavicola Kollar. Up to now the parthenogenetic reproduction in Bergamo and Como counties is confirmed.     

“Severe Destruction Is Inevitable” Interview With Dr.C. Barry Raleigh, Director, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, N. Y.

<正> Q Dr. Raleigh, what are the chances of a big earthquake striking the United States over the next few years? A A great earthquake, with severe destruction of property and high loss of life, is inevitable in California. The likelihood of such an earthquake—with a magnitude of 8 or more on the seismological scale—is only a few percentage points per year. That doesn't sound very high, but the point is that     

Seismic Disaster Reduction in China

Great accomplishments have been made in seismic disaster reduction in China's engineeringconstruction and city construction projects during the pastdecade(1 990～ 2 0 0 0 ) .A new nationalmap on the division of seismic intensity has been promulgated,and a series of anti-seismicstandards and norms have been drafted or revised,which has further improved the country'stechnical code system on anti-seismic engineering measures. The Anti-seismic ArchitecturalDesigning Standards,revised and adopted…     

Sustainability: Key to West China Development

The initiative of" West China Development(WCD) " ,launched by the Central Government,is ofgreat importance:to realizing the enormous resource and market potentials of the region,topromoting balanced development of the national economy,to improving the living standards ofpeople in the western areas,to achieving the goal of" common richness" set up by former stateleader H.E.Mr.DENG Xiaoping,as well as to consolidating solidarity of the nation,socialsecurity and border safety in the west.It…     

Challenges and Policies for Sustainable Development of Northwest Region

The Northwest Region is an area relatively poor and underdeveloped in China,yet with uniquenatural,economic,social and human backgrounds. As China has become stronger in itsintegrative strength,the government is now in a position and imperative need to render greatersupport for the sustainable development of the Region.New opportunities have been brought tothe Northwest by the implementation of the recently initiated " West China Development"strategy.1 Major Challenges Facing the Developm…     

IL SITO MESOLITICO SOPRA FIENILE ROSSINO SULL'ALTIPIANO DI CARIDEGHE(Serle-Brescia)

The excavation of the Late Mesolithic site of Sopra Fienile Rossino on the Cariadeghe Upland(Serle.Brescia-Northern Italy).Palaeopedological.archaeological,anthracological and palinologicalThe Mesolithic station Sopra Fienile Rossino is situated at the northern edge of the Cariadeghe karsticupland,some 12 km Northeast of Brescia,at an altitude of 925 m a.s.l.The excavation of the site was car-ried out in 1970.1979 and 1980.It produced a buried structure containing a《posthole》92 cm deep whichwas elated to 4860±70 bc(Bln-3277).The flint assemblage,almost completely chipped from locally avai-lable raw material,is attributable to the Late Mesolithic Castelnovian Culture.Typical artefacts recove-red during excavations include subconical narrow bladelet cores,trapezoidal arrowheads and notchedbladelets.The stratigraphic sequence shows that the《station》was probably settled between late summerand early spring as shown by the presence of carbonised hazelnut shells.Its location,very close to amiddle altitude pass,might indicate thai hunting activities were practised at the site.Pollen and charcoalanalyses demonstrate that a mixed oak wood cover was established during the V millennium bc,in aperiod of slope stability.Erosional and colluvial phenomena began during the Sub-boreal and Sub-atlan-tic periods being caused by the human impact on the landscape.The area inhabited by the mesolithiccommunities was later settled only during the ⅩⅤ Century AD as revealed by a C14 date obtained frombeech charcoal pieces recovered at-50cm.A more recent occupation is attested by a charcoal pit mainlycomposed of chestnut charcoals discovered at-10cm.     

Ocean Disaster Reduction and Sustainable Development in the Region around Bohai Sea

1IntroductionBohai is the only inland sea in China.It has the highest resource density of all the fourcontinental seas in China.Since the end of the1 970 's,the marine economy around Bohai has seengreat development and the growth rate of the marine industry is up to 2 0 % .It is much higherthan the growth rate of the GDP of this region.The marine economy has greatly contributed tothe development of the economy and society around Bohai.However,since Bohai is an inlandsea,it has the natural …