生物资源在农业减灾中的开发利用前景

论述了以水、旱为主的气象灾害和农作物病、虫、草、鼠所致的生物灾害对农业生产的灾害性影响, 同时阐述了有效开发利用生物资源是防止和减轻农业灾害的有效途径, 提出了加强生物资源的开发利用研究内容     

生物资源在害虫防治中的减灾作用和开发对策

论述了害虫防治中的丰富生物资源,讨论了生物资源在农业减灾作用中具有良好社会、经济和生态效益及开发潜力,提出了开发利用的对策。     

江西省近年来的农业自然灾害及其防治对策

本文在调查研究的基础上,依据大量的资料,对近年来江西省农业自然灾害发生的情况进行了分析,重点研究了干旱、洪涝等气象灾害以及农业生物灾害的特点、发生面积及其造成的损失,提出了对这些灾害的防治对策.     

生物资源在减轻农业草害中的作用与技术对策

论述了生物资源在减轻农业草害和促进农业可持续发展中所具有的生态效益和经济效益,提出了开发生物资源防治农业草害的技术对策。     

农业灾害及其工程防治

分析了我国农业灾害具有种类多样性、破坏严重性和发生必然性、地域随意性等特点 ;指出水利工程、林木工程、病虫害防治工程、农田治污工程 ,以及建立农业灾害监测预报信息系统工程是我国农业灾害防治的主要工程措施。提出农业灾害防治总的原则是 :在分析各种农业灾害发生原因的前提下进行重点预防 ,在弄清其破坏机理的基础上采取相应的工程措施 ,将灾害损失降到最低程度。本文客观分析了我国农业灾害防治的现状 ,提出了监测预报手段亟需改进、规划并建设好农业灾害防治工程、以系统工程的观念建立和健全农业灾害防治工作体系、加强农业灾害防治工作的管理体制建设等四点建议     

The creation of vulnerability to natural disaster: Case studies from the Dominican Republic*

This paper argues that natural disasters are not a category of events which can be separated from the broader Issues of development, since economic change can create vulnerability to natural disaster. The analysis of case studies from the Dominican Republic shows how the development of large scale commercialized agricultural production has created such vulnerability by reducing or restricting the resource base of certain sectors of the population. It b suggested that the vulnerable state of a population should be considered as much a cause of natural disaster as the extreme physical phenomena Involved. Therefore there Is a need both for a broader framework for analysis of disasters and for strategies to reduce such vulnerability to be an Integral part of long term development planning.     

煤矿区地质环境灾害现状、发展趋势及对策研究…

随着煤炭资源的开发,占用土地,“三废”污染、地面变形与沉降、矿井突水等地质环境灾害问题日益突出,致使地质环境质量下降,影响着社会经济持续健康发展。本文用环境地质学的观点,论述了我国煤矿区地质环境灾害现状与发展趋势,并提出了防治地质环境灾害的对策与建议。     

甘肃省农业生产风险因素分析

农业生产风险主要受耕地生产潜力、播种面积、抵御自然灾害的能力及政策保障能力等因素的影响。根据甘肃省粮食产量统计资料，在甘肃省粮食综合生产能力评价研究的基础上，讨论了各类风险因素对粮食生产和粮食安全的影响，提出加强农田水利建设，提高抵御自然灾害风险的能力应是提高全省粮食综合生产能力的重要策略。     

Public perceptions and attitudes to biological risks: Saudi Arabia and regional perspectives

Saudi Arabia has experienced frequent occurrences of biological disasters due to a wide range of generator factors, including natural disasters and epidemics. A national survey (n=1,164) was conducted across 13 regions of Saudi Arabia to examine public perceptions to the risk of a biological disaster. The primary results reveal: (a) a degree of knowledge about biological threats such as SARS and H5N1 flu, despite the lack of individual experience with disasters; (b) age, gender, education and faith are positively related to the perception of biological risk; and (c) a number of important community resilience factors exist, including faith, education and willingness. This study concludes that the development of adapted resilience strategies in disaster management can be achieved through public education and training involving cooperation with official organisations and religious authorities in the country to increase public awareness, knowledge and skills in mitigating biological threats.     

创建中国的农业减灾科技体系

中国是世界上农业灾害严重和频繁的国家,中国社会经济发展、经济全球化和全球气候变暖给农业灾害的发生带来了许多新的特点,创建中国的农业减灾科技体系势在必行。分析了农业灾害与一般灾害的不同特点,提出农业减灾科技体系应由农业灾害学与农业减灾系统工程两大部分组成;分别论述了农业灾害学的理论与内容框架,和农业减灾系统工程的基本内涵。最后,对如何创建中国的农业减灾科技体系提出了若干建议。     

山东省干旱灾害的变化特征及相关分析

干旱灾害是山东省的主要气象灾害之一,是影响经济要持续发展的重要因素。本文利用山东省近４０ 年的家业旱灾灾资料和降水资料,分析了灾情特征和致灾咽子变化 特征,探讨了旱灾损失与降水异常的内在联系建立了干旱受灾面积评估模式,为探索农业灾情评估和预测提供了依据。     

陕西中部地区粮食生产系统灾害的类型及其防御途径

作者通过近几年来的调查研究,分析了干旱、雨涝、霜冻、大风、冰雹、病虫草鼠等自然灾害和各种人为灾害对粮食生产的影响。并提出了相应的对策。     

我国自然灾害时空分布及其粮食风险评估

分析了旱灾、水灾、风雹灾、霜冻灾、台风灾和农业病虫害、草害、鼠害8种自然灾害的时空分布情况,计算了其造成的历年粮食减产量,并在此基础上评估2020年自然灾害对粮食产量的影响。结果表明,2020年不同自然灾害对我国各省粮食生产的影响程度不同。旱灾风险区集中在我国北方地区,分布在黄淮海区、西北区等;涝灾风险区集中在我国南方地区,分布在长江中下游区等;风雹灾风险区对我国粮食产量影响相对较小,主要分布在新疆和青海;台风灾风险区集中在我国南方沿海地区;农业病虫害风险区集中在我国的南方地区,分布在华南沿海区和西南区等;而霜冻灾、农业草害、鼠害对粮食生产的影响范围和影响程度较小。     

Fiji, land of tropical cyclones and hurricanes: A case study of agricultural rehabilitation

Tropical cyclones and hurricanes have a severe impact on the social and economic activities of affected communities. For small island nations in the Pacific region, the effects can be devastating because of their smallness. FQi and several other countries in the region are vulnerable to such disasters as they are situated in the zone where cyclones occur frequently.
During the last decade, the frequency of natural disasters and their adverse impact on die economic and social development of small nations like Fiji, has aroused awareness mat relief efforts must go beyond immediate "mopping up" operations to those which contribute to attaining longer term benefits through reconstruction and rehabilitation.
The paper outlines the 1985 agricultural rehabilitation program and discusses related issues and problems.     

Ocean Disaster Reduction and Sustainable Development in the Region around Bohai Sea

1IntroductionBohai is the only inland sea in China.It has the highest resource density of all the fourcontinental seas in China.Since the end of the1 970 's,the marine economy around Bohai has seengreat development and the growth rate of the marine industry is up to 2 0 % .It is much higherthan the growth rate of the GDP of this region.The marine economy has greatly contributed tothe development of the economy and society around Bohai.However,since Bohai is an inlandsea,it has the natural …     

基于GIS的广西农业暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估

以自然灾害风险评估理论和方法为指导,遥感本底数据、气象数据、基础地理信息数据、社会经济数据为基础数据,构建广西农业暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估指标体系,采用层次分析及加权综合法建立农业暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估模型;借助GIS技术,计算广西农业暴雨洪涝灾害致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力及综合风险指数,并对广西农业暴雨洪涝灾害进行风险区划,采用相关分析法将广西农业暴雨洪涝灾害风险结果与广西历史暴雨洪涝灾情数据进行对比验证,研究结果表明,农业暴雨洪涝风险分布结果与洪涝灾情损失的空间分布基本吻合,南部沿海的风险性最强,西部风险性最小。     

先秦时期农业减灾救荒思想研究

我国先秦时期形成了较为系统的农业减灾救荒思想,它包含灾前预防思想、农业减灾思想和灾后救荒思想三大部分。中国古代的减灾和救荒两大思想体系由此成为有机整体,这在三代(夏、商、周时期)和春秋战国时期农业生产的转型发展过程中产生了积极的促进作用。研究这一时期的农业减灾救荒思想对于后世的防灾减灾极具借鉴意义。     

“暖冬”对农业生产及农业灾害的影响

本文分析了江苏省近几十年来、特别是８０年代以来冬季气温的变化特征，根据农业灾害发生的条件，讨论了“暖冬”对农业生产及农业灾害的影响，为农业生产部门和防灾抗灾部门决策提供科学依据．     

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISASTERS IN RECENT 10 YEARS IN ANHUI AND THEIR TREND

TheconditionsofdisastersinAnhuiinrecent 1 0 years　Thenaturaldisastersandman madeaccidentsinAnhuiProvincecanbedividedintothefollowingtypes:Meteorologicaldisasters　Inthemovementofatmosphereandsynopticsystemoccurabnormality,whichcausestotheearthandhumansocialandeconomicactivitieseffectsanddamages,thatarecalledmeteo rologicaldisaster.AnhuiProvinceislocatedbetween 2 9°4 1′～ 34° 38′Nand 1 1 4°54′～ 1 1 9°37′E,theretheeastis 1 6 0kmapartfromtheYellowSea,andthenorthisthebroadHuang Huai …     

新时期我国农业灾害统计的改进

农业灾害统计是认识和分析农业灾害问题的主要环节，做好这一工作对于实现我国农业可持续发展具有重要意义。文章在分析我国农业灾害统计存在问题的基础上，指出在新时期为推进我国农业灾害统计工作，必须大力加强农业灾害统计指标体系的构建和统计规范性的建立，改进传统的农业灾害统计方法、流程，并完善农业灾害统计管理等工作。