可持续性环境评价指标体系方法分析

可持续性环境影响评价针对政策、规划和计划方案进行评价，同时包括对计划和规划本身的评价。文章结合建设项目环境影响评价，提出可持续性环境影响评价的必要性、思路和评价技术方法的基本构想，针对如何建立可持续性环境影响评价的指标体系及其运用综合指标评价系统的可持续性等进行了初步探讨。     

四川龙泉湖自然保护区可持续性评价与撤销建议

龙泉湖自然保护区位于川中盆地西缘,以石盘水库为保护对象。本文首先从自然生态条件、资金与管理、周边社区发展3方面,选取稀有性、多样性、自然性、典型性、面积适宜性、资金状况、管理状况、社区发展8项指标,构建我国自然保护区可持续性综合评价的指标体系。对于面积适宜性,笔者统计得出判别功能区面积比是否适宜的标准,将该指标具体细化。核心一缓冲一实验区面积的合理比例约为0．4：0．1～0．2：O．5～0．4。以这一指标体系,对该保护区予以评分,验证该指标体系的可操作性。评分结果龙泉湖保护区仅得33分,处于不可持续水平。限制因素在自然生态、管理方面,尤其是生态功能重要性太低。进而分析该保护区不具备自然属性,动、植物物种数占四川省的比例很小,无特殊保护价值;且至今未设立保护区管理机构,无专业管护人员,不能履行管理职责。因此,本文建议撤销龙泉湖省级自然保护区,改设为省级水利风景区或湿地公园。     

三百山禁止开发区生态旅游环境质量综合评价

对主体功能区中禁止开发区域进行生态旅游环境评价是发展生态旅游的前提.选取国家风景名胜区三百山为研究对象,采用AHP法构建生态旅游环境质量评价指标体系,通过压力-状态-响应模型,应用模糊综合评判法定量分析了该区域生态旅游活动对自然、经济社会环境质量的影响,以及生态压力与响应状况.评价结果为禁止开发区域探寻生态旅游发展模式提供了决策依据和参考.     

城市发展可持续性评价的理论探索与实践

近年来,国内已开展对可持续发展指标体系的研究工作,但大多限于指标体系的框架和理论探讨,我们通过对国内外几十个城市社会、经济和环境的指标进行分析研究,建立了一套城市可持续发展指标体系、研究评价标准,并用以评价分析石家庄市的现状,预测2000年和2010年规划的可持续发展程度,进而提出问题和建议。一、城市可持续发展指标体系的制定原则1、针对性原则。城市可持续发展指标体系必须针对城市的性质以及环境、经济和社会的特点,兼顾城市的现状和未来功能的规划,确保所选出的指标体系的可行性和代表性。2相关性原则。从可持续发展…     

福州市主城区土地利用／覆被变化的洪涝响应

以福州市主城区1988年和2008年的TM影像为基础,对福州市主城区土地利用/覆被变化特征进行分析.结果表明:研究区1988-2008年期间土地利用结构发生了很大的变化,不同土地利用类型之间相互转化,其中建设用地面积剧增,导致不透水层的大面积增加.结合土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应分析表明,主城区土地利用/覆被变化对洪水的产流、汇流过程及河网水系结构产生很大的影响.     

学校环境教育评价指标体系的研究

学校环境教育是“环境保护,教育为本”战略的主渠道。为提高环境教育管理的水平,探索学校环境教育发展模式,本研究通过大量调查和专家咨询,首次建立了学校环境教育评价的指标体系,该指标体系的建立在学校环境教育的管理与评价方面作出了有意义的探索。     

福州市热田地热水可开采资源的评价与管理

福州市地下蕴藏着较为丰富的地热资源,地热水分布的地理位置优越,呈长条带状展布,纵贯市区中心,而且水温高、水量大、水质好、埋藏浅,便于开发利用。此外,以市区为中心,周围30km 内发现有隐伏地热异常点,这对石油、煤炭等矿产能源资源贫乏的福州市更具有较大的开发利用价值。     

我国经济开发区投资环境评价指标体系的研究

经济开发区投资环境具有与国家或地区投资环境不同的特殊性。本文对我国经济开发区相关因素进行了分析,探讨了能够反映其特性的评价指标体系的制定     

安徽省矿山环境质量评价研究

建立省区一级的矿山环境评价指标体系具有重要的理论和实践意义。根据科学性和可操作性等原则,综合考虑矿山环境影响因子及其相互之间的定量关系,以安徽省县区为评价单元,探索性建立了矿山环境评价指标体系,构建了矿山环境质量评价模型。实例研究表明,所建评价指标体系和评价模型具有很好的适用性和较好可信度。     

南四湖流域水环境承载力评价指标体系构建

针对目前水环境承载力概念及评价指标体系研究中存在的问题,构建了流域水环境承载力概念模型,根据评价指标筛选原则,建立了南四湖流域水环境承载力评价指标体系,包括水环境承载能力、水环境压力、水环境承载状态和社会经济调控能力4部分,共有57个具体指标,从而为制定流域保护规划和管理政策提供技术支持,为寻求流域水环境承载力的提高途径和措施提供科学依据。     

福州城市排污规划布局的水环境影响研究

以闽江下游福州城区段为研究区间,分析了闽江下游福州段的水环境质量现状,采用二维水动力-水质耦合模型研究了枯水期城市排污口布局和排污强度规划对水环境质量的影响。研究结果表明,感潮河段排污存在明显的污染物上溯现象,在东南区水厂至马尾水厂备用水源地之间形成高浓度污染团,洋里和连坂排污口对东南区水厂水源地水质影响最为显著,高潮时刻的高锰酸盐指数增量将达1.0mg/L,氨氮增量将达约0.15mg/L,叠加本底值后水质已接近Ⅲ类标准限值。建议逐步将取水口向城市上游淮安段转移,更换取消东南区水厂的取水口。     

高速公路环境评价指标体系综述

本文说明了高速公路环境评价指标体系建立的意义,阐述了高速公路环境评价指标体系的构建方法,介绍了目前国内应用研究较广泛的高速公路环境保护评价的各类侧重点不同指标体系,包括环境质量评价、生态系统评价、景观绿化评价、资源消耗评价、环境管理评价、环境灾害预警评价等指标体系的具体内容,列举上述指标体系的具体指标,为目前我国的高速公路环境评价指标体系的研究现状进行总结。     

Multicriteria Evaluation of Water Resources Sustainability in the Context of Watershed Management1

Kang, Min‐Goo and Gwang‐Man Lee, 2011. Multicriteria Evaluation of Water Resources Sustainability in the Context of Watershed Management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(4):813‐827. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00559.x Abstract: To evaluate water resources sustainability at the watershed scale within a river basin’s context, the Water Resources Sustainability Evaluation Model is developed. The model employs 4 criteria (economic efficiency, social equity, environmental conservation, and maintenance capacity) and has 16 indicators, integrating them using their relative weights. The model is applied to evaluate the water resources sustainability of watersheds in the Geum River basin, South Korea. A geographic information system is employed to efficiently build a database for the indicators, and the values of the indicators are normalized using the probability distribution functions fitted to the datasets of the indicators. The evaluation results show that, overall, the water resources sustainability of the watersheds in the upper basin is better than other areas due to the good environmental conditions and the dam management policies of South Korea. The analysis of the correlations among the model’s components and the comparison between the results of the model and the Water Poverty Index show that the model can provide reasonable evaluation results for the water resources sustainability of watersheds. Consequently, it is concluded that the model can be an effective tool for evaluating the states of water resource management from the perspective of sustainable development and provide a basis on which to create policies for improving any inadequacies in watersheds.     

Evaluating Environmental Sustainability: An Integration of Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Fuzzy Logic

While pursuing economic development, countries around the world have become aware of the importance of environmental sustainability; therefore, the evaluation of environmental sustainability has become a significant issue. Traditionally, multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) was widely used as a way of evaluating environmental sustainability, Recently, several researchers have attempted to implement this evaluation with fuzzy logic since they recognized the assessment of environmental sustainability as a subjective judgment Intuition. This paper outlines a new evaluation-framework of environmental sustainability, which integrates fuzzy logic into MCDM. This evaluation-framework consists of 36 structured and 5 unstructured decision-points, wherein MCDM is used to handle the former and fuzzy logic serves for the latter, With the integrated evaluation-framework, the evaluations of environmental sustainability in 146 countries are calculated, ranked and clustered, and the evaluation results are very helpful to these countries, as they identify their obstacles towards environmental sustainability.     

城市规划环境影响评价指标体系综述

城市规划是实施城市可持续发展战略的重要载体。城市规划环境影响评价的内容应集中体现在评价指标体系上。本文首先将城市规划环评指标分为总体规划和下位规划(专业规划、详细规划)两个层面,再分别系统论述城市总体规划和专业规划环评指标体系主要内容和结构,指出当前城市规划环评指标体系建立、内容、实施、总体与下位规划协调等方面的问题,奠定城市规划环评指标体系研究基础并为未来研究指明方向。     

Sustainability Appraisal in neighbourhood planning in England

The preparation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) inclusive sustainability appraisals (SAs) for neighbourhood plans (NPs) in England may be required when significant environmental effects are expected to arise from an NP. In this paper, we report on the result of a Ph.D. project, conducted between 2012 and 2015, in which all 15 NP SEA inclusive SAs that had been completed at the time were evaluated. In this context, the quality of SA practice was found to differ substantially. SAs were prepared either ‘in-house’ (i.e. by neighbourhood planning steering groups) or by consultants. The quality of SAs was found to be associated with their overall perceived degree of influence on the underlying NPs. Whilst the focus of this paper is on practice in England, findings are expected to be of interest to a wider international audience, in particular to those experimenting with voluntary neighbourhood/local level plan SA/SEA.     

Organizational Factors of Environmental Sustainability Implementation: An Empirical Analysis of US Cities and Counties

Environmental sustainability goals are increasingly embedded in local planning, but implementation proves difficult. Using a survey of 217 planners working in a random sample of 146 small to mid-sized American cities and counties, we identify the organizational factors that support and hinder the implementation of environmentally sustainable practices. The analysis is based on a conceptual framework that encompasses organizational capacity, culture, structure, participatory decision-making, the framing of sustainability and contextual factors. We find that environmental sustainability implementation is lagging (although cities are generally ahead compared to counties) and that outcome evaluation is rare, precluding adaptive learning. The major barrier to implementation is that sustainability is low on political and managerial agendas. As expected, local public support, innovation-supportive organizational culture and the prioritization and framing of environmental sustainability support implementation. Surprisingly, innovation diffusion does not occur across neighbouring localities, local capacity and public participation are irrelevant for implementation and hierarchical rather than integrated institutional structures support implementation.     

Environmental Exposure of Aquatic and Terrestrial Biota to Triclosan and Triclocarban1

Abstract: The synthetic biocides triclosan (5‐chloro‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)phenol) and triclocarban (3,4,4′‐trichlorocarbanilide) are routinely added to a wide array of antimicrobial personal care products and consumer articles. Both compounds can persist in the environment and exhibit toxicity toward a number of biological receptors. Recent reports of toxicological effects in wildlife, human cell cultures, and laboratory animals have heightened the interest in the occurrence of these biocide and related toxic effects. The present study aimed to summarize published environmental concentrations of biocides and contrast them with toxicity threshold values of susceptible organisms. Environmental occurrences and toxicity threshold values span more than six orders of magnitude in concentration. The highest biocide levels, measured in the mid parts‐per‐million range, were determined to occur in aquatic sediments and in municipal biosolids destined for land application. Crustacea and algae were identified as the most sensitive species, susceptible to adverse effects from biocide exposures in the parts‐per‐trillion range. An overlap of environmental concentrations and toxicity threshold values was noted for these more sensitive organisms, suggesting potential adverse ecological effects in aquatic environments. Affirmative evidence for this is lacking, however, since studies examining environmental occurrences of biocides vis‐à‐vis the health and diversity of aquatic species have not yet been conducted.