Ac-Co/UiO-66对水中阴离子染料的吸附性能

通过溶剂热法在醋酸改性的条件下制备合成了新型钴掺杂的UiO-66纳米颗粒(Ac-Co/UiO-66),并采用SEM、XRD和BET分析证实了材料主体结构的合成.同时,以阴离子染料直接蓝、达旦黄和刚果红为目标污染物,系统研究了吸附时间、初始浓度、pH因素对Ac-Co/UiO-66吸附效果的影响.结果表明,吸附进行120 ...     

Comparison of activated carbon and iron/cerium modified activated carbon to remove methylene blue from wastewater

The methylene blue(MB)removal abilities of raw activated carbon and iron/cerium modified raw activated carbon(Fe–Ce-AC)by adsorption were researched and compared.The characteristics of Fe–Ce-AC were examined by N_2adsorption,zeta potential measurement,FTIR,Raman,XRD,XPS,SEM and EDS.After modification,the following phenomena occurred:The BET surface area,average pore diameter and total pore volume decreased;the degree of graphitization also decreased.Moreover,the presence of Fe_3O_4led to Fe–Ce-AC having magnetic properties,which makes it easy to separate from dye wastewater in an external magnetic field and subsequently recycle.In addition,the equilibrium isotherms and kinetics of MB adsorption on raw activated carbon and Fe–Ce-AC were systematically examined.The equilibrium adsorption data indicated that the adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir isotherm,and the pseudo-second-order model matched the kinetic data well.Compared with raw activated carbon,the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of Fe–Ce-AC increased by27.31%.According to the experimental results,Fe–Ce-AC can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of MB from dye wastewater.     

Synthesis of a novel illite@carbon nanocomposite adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater

A novel illite@carbon (I@C) nanocomposite adsorbent has been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) using glucose as carbonaceous source and illite as the carrier. The morphology, microstructure and surface properties of the prepared nanocomposite adsorbent were analyzed by FESEM, TGA, XRD, FT-IR and Zeta potential measurements. Batch experiments were carried out on the adsorption of Cr(VI) to determine the adsorption properties of the composite. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the I@C nanocomposite was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. Compared with the illite and carbon material (SC) separately, the prepared I@C nanocomposite adsorbent exhibited enhanced adsorption performance for Cr(VI) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 149.25 mg/g, which was higher than that of most reported adsorbents. In addition, the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic based on the adsorption thermodynamics study. The adsorption of Cr(VI) by I@C was highly pH-dependent and the optimum adsorption occurred at pH 2.0. The Zeta potential analysis results indicated that the electrostatic interactions between anionic Cr(VI) and the positively charged surface of the adsorbent might be critical to the adsorption mechanism. This study demonstrated that the I@C nanocomposite should be a promising candidate for a low-cost, environmental friendly and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of toxic Cr(VI) from wastewater.     

Influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate coating on adsorption of methylene blue by biochar from aqueous solution

Biochar is regarded as a promising new class of materials due to its multifunctional character and the possibility of effectively coupling different properties. With increasing introduction into the environment, environmental chemicals such as surfactants will load onto the released biochar and change its physicochemical characteristics and adsorption behavior toward pollutants. In this study, sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), as one type of anionic surfactant, was coated onto biochar with different loading amounts. The influence of SDS loading onto biochar's physicochemical properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, zeta potential and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area and pore size distribution analysis. Results showed that the pore size of the biochar decreased gradually with the increase of SDS loading because of the surface-adsorption and pore-blocking processes; the p H of the point of zero charge(pHPZC) decreased with increasing SDS loading. Although surface-coating with SDS decreased the pore size of the biochar, its adsorption capacity toward Methylene Blue(MB) significantly increased. The biochar-bound SDS introduced functional groups and negative charges to the biochar surface, which could thus enhance the adsorption of MB via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. The results can shed light on the underlying mechanism of the influence of anionic surfactants on the adsorption of MB by biochar.     

铝炭微电解处理刚果红废水的效果及脱色机理研究

采用铝炭微电解法处理刚果红废水,通过批式实验和正交试验考察了主要因素对刚果红脱色及COD去除效果的影响,并采用紫外扫描、离子色谱及LC-MS分析了脱色产物.结果表明,在铝粉投加量为8～24 g·L-1范围内,刚果红脱色率及COD去除率均随铝粉投加量的增加而提高,合适的铝粉投加量为16 ～24 g·L-1;刚果红脱色率和COD去除率随着铝炭质量比的减小呈现先增加后降低的趋势,适宜的铝炭质量比为1∶3～1∶1;初始pH对处理效果影响最大,在pH为10～12.5时,刚果红脱色率及COD去除率随着pH升高而急剧增加;在溶解氧为1.25 ～7.59 mg·L-1的范围内,刚果红脱色率及COD去除率随着溶解氧的升高而降低.最佳条件(铝粉投加量24 g·L-1、铝炭质量比1:2、pH=12、反应时间90 min)下,刚果红脱色率及COD去除率分别为90.4％和78.6％刚果红脱色历程为:刚果红分子中的N=N双键在新生态[H]的攻击下断裂,生成3,4-二氨基萘-1-磺酸盐和4-氨基3-((4’-氨基-[1,1'-联苯]-4-基)偶氮基)萘-1磺酸盐;后者在[H]的进一步作用下,发生N=N双键的断裂,转化为3,4-二.氨基萘-1-磺酸盐和联苯胺,萘环开环和C-S键断键,分别生成4-氨基-3-((4’-氨基-[1,1’-联苯]-4-基)偶氮基)-1-磺酸盐和2-((4'-氨基-[1,1’-联苯]-4-基)偶氮基)-1-萘胺.研究表明,铝炭微电解法不能将刚果红完全矿化.     

Activated carbon coated palygorskite as adsorbent by activation and its adsorption for methylene blue

An activation process for developing the surface and porous structure of palygorskite/carbon(PG/C) nanocomposite using ZnC l2 as activating agent was investigated. The obtained activated PG/C was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis(BET) techniques. The effects of activation conditions were examined,including activation temperature and impregnation ratio. With increased temperature and impregnation ratio, the collapse of the palygorskite crystal structure was found to accelerate and the carbon coated on the surface underwent further carbonization. XRD and SEM data confirmed that the palygorskite structure was destroyed and the carbon structure was developed during activation. The presence of the characteristic absorption peaks of C_C and C–H vibrations in the FTIR spectra suggested the occurrence of aromatization. The BET surface area improved by more than 11-fold(1201 m2/g for activated PG/C vs. 106 m2/g for PG/C) after activation, and the material appeared to be mainly microporous. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue onto the activated PG/C reached 351 mg/g. The activated PG/C demonstrated better compressive strength than activated carbon without palygorskite clay.     

Environmental application of three-dimensional graphene materials as adsorbents for dyes and heavy metals: Review on ice-templating method and adsorption mechanisms

The remediation of wastewater requires treatment technologies which are robust, efficient, simple to operate and affordable such as adsorption. Lately, three-dimensional (3D) graphene based materials have attracted significant attention as effective adsorbents for wastewater treatment. The intrinsic properties of 3D graphene structure such as large surface area and interconnected porous structure can facilitate the transport of pollutants into the 3D network and provide abundant active sites for trapping the pollutants. For the synthesis of 3D graphene structure, ice-templating is commonly practiced due to its facile steps, cost effectiveness and high scalability potential. This review covers the ice-templating fabrication technique for 3D graphene based materials and their application as adsorbents in eliminating dyes and heavy metals from aqueous media. The assembly mechanisms of the ice-templating fsynthesis are comprehensively discussed. Further discussion on the fundamental principles, critical process parameters and characteristics of ice-templated 3D graphene structures is also included. A thorough review on the mechanisms for batch adsorption of dyes and heavy metals is presented based on the structures and properties of the 3D graphene materials. The review further evaluates the dynamic adsorption in packed columns and the regeneration of 3D graphene based materials.     

羟基磷灰石-四氧化三铁-沸石复合材料制备及去除水中刚果红研究

采用可溶性磷酸盐、钙离子、二价铁离子、三价铁离子和天然沸石等材料制备了羟基磷灰石-四氧化三铁-沸石(HAPFe3O4-沸石)复合材料,对该复合材料进行了表征,并考察了该复合材料对水中刚果红的吸附作用.结果表明,HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料对水中的刚果红具备良好的吸附能力.当pH由3增加到4或由7增加到11时,HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料对水中刚果红的去除能力下降;当pH由4增加到7时,对刚果红的吸附能力基本保持不变.HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料对水中刚果红的去除率随吸附剂投加量的增加而增加,而对水中刚果红的单位吸附量则随吸附剂投加量的增加而降低.HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料对水中刚果红的吸附动力学过程可以较好地采用准二级动力学模型加以描述,对刚果红的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型加以描述.根据Langmuir模型确定的最大吸附容量为117 mg·g-1.(pH 7和303 K).HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料对水中刚果红的吸附是自发吸热并伴随熵增加的过程.当pH为7时,HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料吸附水中刚果红的主要机制包括表面配位作用、氢键作用以及路易斯酸碱反应.采用热再生的方法可以使吸附刚果红后的HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料得到再生,热再生后的复合材料可以循环使用并且对水中刚果红的吸附性能良好.X射线衍射分析结果表明HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料含Fe3O4,磁滞回线结果表明HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料具备较高的磁饱和强度,复合材料吸附刚果红后可以很容易地通过外加磁场的作用快速地与水溶液分离.结果表明,HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料适合作为一种吸附剂去除废水中的刚果红.     

红色粘土对模拟及畜禽养殖废水中磷的去除

为加强水污染控制及提高红色粘土的资源开发与利用,研究了3种红色粘土对模拟废水及畜禽养殖废水中磷的净化性能,并探讨了其吸附机理,继而分析了红色粘土在处理实际畜禽养殖废水中应用的可行性.结果显示,3种红色粘土对35mg.L-1模拟含磷废水中磷的去除率皆达到90%,对50mg.L-1模拟含磷废水中磷的去除率皆达到85%,均显著优于活性炭,其中R-3处理效果最佳.红色粘土中的氧化铁铝易与磷结合成铁磷、铝磷,且颗粒组成越小越有利于其对磷的吸附净化.经R-3和R-2处理含磷浓度为29.3mg.L-1的畜禽养殖废水,总磷浓度达到我国相应排放标准,而处理含磷浓度为93.7mg.L-1的畜禽养殖废水时,经R-2和R-3二次处理后可达到排放标准.综合分析表明,红色粘土可作为废水中磷的净化材料,尤其在处理畜禽养殖废水磷的方面具有良好的应用前景.     

Synthesis of novel adsorbent by intercalation of biopolymer in LDH for the removal of arsenic from synthetic and natural water

This study focuses on the synthesis of nanocomposites named CCA and CZA that were prepared by the incorporation of cellulose(CL) in the Ca/Al and Zn/Al layered double hydroxide(LDH),respectively.These materials were then used for the uptake of As(Ⅲ)and As(V) from aqueous medium.Characterization of both nanocomposites(CCA and CZA) was done using FTIR and Raman analysis to identify the functional groups, N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherms to determine the specific surface area and pore geometry and XPS analysis to obtain the surface atomic composition.Some other characters were investigated using simultaneous TGA and DTA and elemental chemical analysis(CHNS/O).The crystallinity of the prepared nanocomposites was displayed by XRD patterns.Furthermore,the sheet-like structure of the LDHs and the irregularity of surface morphology with porous structure were observed by TEM and SEM microphotographs.Optimization of maximum adsorption capacity was adjusted using different parameters including pH,contact time and adsorbent dosage.The pseudo-second-order model was in good fitting with kinetics results.The adsorption isotherm results showed that CZA exhibits better adsorption capacity for As(Ⅲ) than CCA and the Langmuir isotherm model described the data well for both nanocomposites.Thermodynamic studies illustrated the endothermic nature of CCA and exothermic nature on CZA,as well as the fact that the adsorption process is spontaneous.A real water sample collected from well located in Gabes(Tunisia),has also been treated.The obtained experimental results were confirmed that these sorbents are efficient for the treatment of hazardous toxic species such as.     

Kinetic and morphology study of alginate-vineyard pruning waste biocomposite vs. non modified vineyard pruning waste for dye removal

In this work a comparative bioadsorption study between a biocomposite consisting of hydrolysed vineyard pruning waste entrapped in calcium alginate spheres and non entrapped vineyard residue was carried out.Results have demonstrated that the biocomposite based on lignocellulose-calcium alginate spheres removed 77.3% of dyes,while non entrapped lignocellulose eliminated only removed 27.8% of colour compounds.The experimental data were fitted to several kinetic models(pseudo-first order,pseudo-second order,Chien–Clayton model,intraparticle diffusion model and Bangham model); being pseudo-second order the kinetic model that better described the adsorption of dyes onto both bioadsorbents.In addition,a morphological study(roughness and shape) of alginate-vineyard biocomposite was established under extreme conditions,observing significant differences between hydrated and dehydrated alginate-vineyard biocomposite.The techniques used to carry out this morphological study consisted of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),perfilometry and 3D surface analysis.     

Synthesis and evaluation of cationic flocculant P(DAC-PAPTAC-AM) for flocculation of coal chemical wastewater

In this study, a high-efficiency cationic flocculant, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), was successfully prepared using UV-induced polymerization technology. The monomer Acrylamide (AM): Acryloxyethyl Trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC): methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) ratio, monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration, urea content, and cationic monomer DAC:MAPTAC ratio, light time, and power of high-pressure mercury lamp were studied. The characteristic groups, characteristic diffraction peaks, and characteristic proton peaks of P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (¹H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of dosage, pH value, and velocity gradient (G) value on the removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol by poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC), P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), and PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) in the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater were investigated. Results showed that the optimal conditions for the flocculation of coal chemical wastewater using P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) alone are as follows: dosage of 8–12 mg/L, G value of 100–250 s ^? 1, and pH value of 4–8. The optimal dosage of PAFC is 90–150 mg/L with a pH of 2–12. The optimal dosage for PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) is as follows: PAFC dosage of 90–150 mg/L, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) dosage of 8–12 mg/L, and pH range of 2–6. When P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) was used alone, the optimal removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol were 81.0%, 35.0%, 75.0%, and 80.3%, respectively. PAFC has good tolerance to wastewater pH and good pH buffering. Thus, the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater using the PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) compound also exhibits excellent resistance and buffering capacity.     

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水体阴离子表面活性剂方法的探讨

LAS是地表水和地下水水质的必测项目,国标（GB7494—87）方法操作复杂,要重复萃取四次后再洗涤,有机溶剂消耗量大,而且相当的耗时,本文通过同步实验对比与分析,得出：一次性加入20mL氯仿萃取加洗涤的方法其测定结果较好,而且极大地减轻了氯仿对分析人员身体的损害程度。测定结果有较好的精密度和准确度。本方法具有可观的经济性、安全性和可操作性。     

羧基稻草阳离子吸附剂的制备及其去除水溶液中亚甲蓝的研究

为促进工业废水处理并降低废水处理费用,研究了柠檬酸热化学酯化法改性稻草制备可生物降解阳离子吸附剂的方法.实验比较了天然和改性稻草去除溶液中阳离子染料(亚甲蓝)的能力,研究了不同实验参数(pH值、吸附剂量、染料浓度、离子强度、吸附时间)对亚甲蓝吸附效果的影响在pH为2～10范围内,天然稻草去除亚甲蓝的能力随pH值的增加而增加,而改性稻草在pH≥3时对染料的去除率达到最大.改性稻草用量大于1.5g·L-1时几乎能完全去除浓度为250mg·L-1亚甲蓝溶液中的染料.改性稻草用量为2.0g·L-1对浓度为50～450mg·L-1的亚甲蓝溶液去除率保持在98%以上.增加溶液的离子强度会导致亚甲蓝去除率降低.染料吸附等温线符合Langmuir模式.吸附过程符合准一级反应动力学方程.酯化改性使染料的吸附剂粒子内扩散速率常数(kid)大大增加.研究结果表明,改性稻草是良好的亚甲蓝吸附剂.     

Characterization and physicochemical aspects of novel cellulose-based layered double hydroxide nanocomposite for removal of antimony and fluoride from aqueous solution

A series of novel adsorbents composed of cellulose (CL) with Ca/Al layered double hydroxide (CC_xA; where x represent the Ca/Al molar ratio) were prepared for the adsorption of antimony (Sb(V)) and fluoride (F^?) ions from aqueous solutions. The CC_xA was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), elemental analysis (CHNS/O), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA), zeta potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis. The effects of varying parameters such as dose, pH, contact time, temperature and initial concentration on the adsorption process were investigated. According to the obtained results, the adsorption processes were described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model provided the best fit for the experimental data and was used to describe isotherm constants. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 77.2 and 63.1 mg/g for Sb(V) and F^?, respectively by CC₃A (experimental conditions: pH 5.5, time 60 min, dose 15 mg/10 mL, temperature 298 K). The CC₃A nanocomposite was able to reduce the Sb(V) and F^? ions concentration in synthetic solution to lower than 6 μg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively, which are maximum contaminant levels of these elements in drinking water according to WHO guidelines.     

Use of sub-micron sized resin particles for removal of endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater

Endocrine disrupting compounds(EDCs) and pharmaceuticals pose a challenge for water and wastewater treatment because they exist at very low concentrations in the presence of substances at much higher concentrations competing for adsorption sites.Sub-micron sized resin particles(approximately 300 nm in diameter)(SMR) were tested to evaluate their potential as a treatment for EDCs including:17-β estradiol(E2),17-α ethinylestradiol(EE2),estrone(E1),bisphenol A(BPA),and diethylstilbestrol(DES) as well as 12 pharmaceuticals.SMR were able to remove 98%of spiked E2,80%of EE2,87%of BPA,and up to 97%of DES from water.For a 0.5 ppm mixture of E2,EE2,E1,BPA and DES,the minimum removal was24%(E2) and the maximum was 49%(DES).They were also able to remove the pharmaceuticals from deionized water and wastewater.Overall,SMR are a promising advanced treatment for removal of both EDCs and pharmaceuticals.     

壳聚糖的改性及其去除废水中染料物质的性能研究

采用戊二醛交联FeCl_3制备改性壳聚糖吸附处理染料废水,以20 mg·L~(-1)的亚甲基蓝溶液作为处理对象,探究氯化铁改性壳聚糖(FeCl_3-CTS)投加量、废水p H值、反应时间对其处理亚甲基蓝废水性能的影响,并对吸附动力学、吸附等温线过程进行拟合.结果表明,FeCl_3-CTS对亚甲基蓝废水的处理效果远高于未改性壳聚糖(N-CTS),尤其是在投加量为0.1 g·L~(-1)、p H=6的条件下,经FeCl_3-CTS处理50 min后,亚甲基蓝废水的脱色率高达99.4%,FeCl_3-CTS对亚甲基蓝的吸附容量高达198.8 mg·g~(-1),与N-CTS的54.8%和109.6 mg·g~(-1)相比,均有显著的提高.吸附动力学、吸附等温线拟合结果显示,FeCl_3-CTS对亚甲基蓝废水的吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学方程(R2=0.9992)和Langmuir等温线方程(R~2=0.9995).     

木耳菌糠生物炭对阳离子染料的吸附性能研究

为了有效处理印染废水,以废弃木耳菌糠(AG)为原料,采用限氧热解法在350、550、750℃的温度下制备木耳菌糠生物炭(AGBC),处理含有孔雀石绿(MG)、番红花红T(ST)的有色废水.考察了不同初始pH值、吸附时间、初始浓度对AGBC吸附MG、ST的影响,讨论了吸附动力学及等温吸附特性.并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(F...     

Recent advances based on the synergetic effect of adsorption for removal of dyes from waste water using photocatalytic process

The problem of textile dye pollution has been addressed by various methods,mainly physical,chemical,biological,and acoustical.These methods mainly separate and/or remove the dye present in water.Recently,advanced oxidation processes(AOP)have been focused for removal of dye from waste water due to their advantages such as ecofriendly,economic and capable to degrade many dyes or organic pollutant present in water.Photocatalysis is one of the advance oxidation processes,mainly carried out under irradiation of light and suitable photocatalytic materials.The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalytic materials mainly depends on the band gap,surface area,and generation of electron–hole pair for degradation dyes present in water.It has been observed that the surface area plays a major role in photocatalytic degradation of dyes,by providing higher surface area,which leads to the higher adsorption of dye molecule on the surface of photocatalyst and enhances the photocatalytic activity.This present review discusses the synergic effect of adsorption of dyes on the photocatalytic efficiency of various nanostructured high surface area photocatalysts.In addition,it also provides the properties of the water polluting dyes,their mechanism and various photocatalytic materials;and their morphology used for the dye degradation under irradiation of light along with the future prospects of highly adsorptive photocatalytic material and their application in photocatalytic removal of dye from waste water.     

Nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by magnetic cationic hydrogel: Effect of electrostatic adsorption and mechanism

Excessive nitrate(NO₃^-) is among the most problematic surface water and groundwater pollutants.In this study,a type of magnetic cationic hydrogel(MCH) is employed for NO₃^-adsorption and well characterized herein.Its adsorption capacity is considerably pHdependent and achieves the optimal adsorption(maximum NO₃^--adsorption capacity is95.88±1.24 mg/g) when the pH level is 5.2-8.8.The fitting result using the homogeneous surface diff...