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为明确纳米伊/蒙黏土(下称伊/蒙黏土)作为修复材料在去除水体重金属方面的应用潜力,研究了伊/蒙黏土对水体中Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的去除效果与吸附规律,并通过小麦水培试验分析伊/蒙黏土降低水体重金属在小麦地上部分的累积和缓解重金属对小麦的毒害效应等效果. 结果表明:伊/蒙黏土可以吸附去除水体中的Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+,当水体中ρ(Ni2+)、ρ(Cu2+)和ρ(Cd2+)分别为5、10、2 mg/L时,添加2%(以w计)的伊/蒙黏土对3种重金属的去除率均达到95%以上. 伊/蒙黏土对重金属的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,对Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的理论最大吸附量分别为2.13、8.52和1.56 mg/g. 在培养液中添加2%伊/蒙黏土可降低小麦对Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的累积富集,缓解重金属对小麦生长的毒害效应. 研究显示,纳米伊/蒙黏土可有效去除水体中的Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+,并缓解其对小麦的毒性,因此其在修复水体重金属污染、恢复水环境生态功能方面具有潜在的应用前景. 相似文献
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牛骨炭与伊/蒙黏土组配改良剂对土壤中Cd的钝化效果 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
农田土壤Cd污染是我国最为突出的环境问题之一,开展新型钝化修复Cd污染土壤材料的研究和技术开发对保障农产品安全及保护人体健康具有重要意义.以北京某蔬菜生产基地设施大棚Cd污染土壤为试验对象,温室条件下采用盆栽试验,研究牛骨炭与伊/蒙黏土复合组配的改良剂对Cd污染土壤的钝化效果,探讨不同配比的组配改良剂对土壤Cd有效态含量以及小白菜Cd吸收量的影响.结果表明:在污染土壤中添加1%、2%和5%的组配改良剂,可明显降低土壤有效态Cd含量及小白菜对Cd的吸收,土壤有效态Cd含量降幅最大值达42.3%,小白菜地上部分Cd含量降幅最大值达22.7%,组配改良剂中骨炭成分比例越高,钝化效果越好,尤其以添加5%组配改良剂(添加组配改良剂中牛骨炭含量为50%)对Cd的稳定化效果最佳,且不同组配改良剂处理均不会对小白菜生长产生不良影响,表明牛骨炭与伊/蒙黏土组配的改良剂在修复Cd污染土壤上具有较好的应用潜力.研究显示,牛骨炭与伊/蒙黏土组配的改良剂符合绿色修复技术的发展要求,可作为钝化修复农田重金属污染土壤的环保新材料. 相似文献
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Experiments on Zn^2+ and Cd^2+ adsorptions on vermiculite in aqueous solutions were conducted to investigate the widely observed adsorbent concentration effect on the traditionally defined adsorption isotherm in the adsorbate range 25--500 mg/L and adsorbent range 10--150 g/L. The results showed that the equilibrium ion adsorption density did not correspond to a unique equilibrium ion concentration in liquid phase. Three adsorbate/adsorbent ratios, the equilibrium adsorption density, the ratio of equilibrium adsorbate concentration in liquid phase to adsorbent concentration, and the ratio of initial adsorbate concentration to adsorbent concentration, were found to be related with unique values in the tested range. Based on the assumption that the equilibrium state of a liquid/solid adsorption system is determined by four mutually related components: adsorbate in liquid phase, adsorbate in solid phase, uncovered adsorption site and covered adsorption site, and that the equilibrium chemical potentials of these components should be equalized, a new model was presented for describing ion adsorption isotherm in liquid/solid systems. The proposed model fit well the experimental data obtained from the examined samples. 相似文献
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针对高氨氮生活污水,设计了一种新型的脱氮除磷工艺。该工艺是对传统倒置A~2/O工艺的改进,它采用了后置预缺氧区以提高系统的脱氮效果。试验探讨了工艺关键因素与脱氮效果的相关性。试验表明水力停留时间为25 h,内回流比为200%,DO浓度在2 mg/L时,对NH_3-N、TN、TP的去除率分别可达96.17%、73.83%和92.38%。 相似文献
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针对污水中磷的去除问题,采用优化后的恒定pH值共沉淀法制备了Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides(Mg/Al-LDHs),经高温焙烧得到高效磷吸附剂Mg/Al-layered double oxide(Mg/Al-LDO);在对其吸附特性研究的基础上,并结合Zeta电位、XRD、FTIR分析吸附前后材料等电点、晶体结构及层间阴离子的变化,探讨Mg/Al-LDO吸附除磷机制.结果表明,采用优化后的共沉淀法,在Mg/Al比为2∶1,焙烧温度450℃,焙烧时间2 h条件下制备出的Mg/Al-LDO对磷酸根吸附性最好,最大吸附容量可达到176.94 mg·g-1,与理论吸附容量191.57 mg·g-1基本一致,远高出Mg/Al-LDHs及其它磷吸附剂.实验数据对准二级反应动力学模型的拟合结果较好,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型.结合Zeta电位、XRD、FTIR的结果推测,Mg/AlLDO吸附除磷主要是通过静电引力、阴离子插层、离子交换、表面配位这4种作用协同完成. 相似文献
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Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as anadsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueoussolutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonitein the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-Bwas subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbentwere investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isothermdata were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carriedout using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binarysolute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type)equation. 相似文献
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Yonghao Wang Wenqi Wei Yuzhi Lin Mian Zhang Yongjing Wang Minghua Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(8):111-118
In this work, magnesium silicate-based sulfonated polystyrene sphere composites(SPS/Mg Si) were synthesized by one-step(SMD1) and two-step(SMD2) methods. For SMD1, Mg Si particles were densely assembled on the surface of SPS, assisted by complexation between Fe 3 + and hydroxyl phenol. For SMD2, SPS/Si O 2 was firstly obtained by the same method as SMD1, and then SPS/Si O 2 was transformed directly to SPS/Mg Si under hydrothermal conditions. Therefore, Mg Si obtained by the two-step method had a... 相似文献
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Metal oxide/hydroxide-based nanocomposite adsorbents with porous supporting matrices have been recognized as efficient adsorbents for phosphorus recovery. Aiming at satisfying increasingly restrictive environmental requirements involving improving metal site utilization and lowering metal leakage risk, a glycol-solvothermal confined-space synthesis strategy was proposed for the fabrication of Fe OOH/anion exchanger nanocomposites(Fe/900s)with enhanced metal site utilization and reduced metal lea... 相似文献
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以腐殖酸作为天然有机物(NOM)的代表,研究了腐殖酸分子在金属氧化物(赤铁矿)颗粒/水界面上的吸附特征,分析了pH值和离子强度对界面吸附配位反应的影响,及它们对赤铁矿颗粒表面吸附密度和团聚体粒径的影响.结果表明,吸附密度随pH值的升高而减少,随离子强度的升高而增大;颗粒团聚体粒径随pH值的升高先增大后减小,随离子强度的升高而增大.pH=4时吸附密度最大,为6.22 mg/m2,但此时团聚体粒径最小;pH=5时吸附密度较小,但团聚体粒径较大;pH=8为配位反应等电点,吸附密度和团聚体粒径均较小;pH=10吸附密度最小,为0.50 mg/m2,团聚体粒径也较小.应用SS/SF混合模型初步分析了赤铁矿颗粒/水界面上腐殖酸分子的吸附构型.当pH值较低时,构型多为链状和环状;当pH值较高时,构型多为扫尾状.离子强度越高,链状和扫尾状构型越多;离子强度越低,环状构型越多. 相似文献
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为了深入了解天然硅藻土对常见重金属离子Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Mn2+、Fe3+的吸附属性,同时也为了发现经典等温吸附模型应用于液/固体系时存在的问题,开展了系列等温吸附研究.结果表明,最适于描述天然硅藻土对Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe3+吸附的模型分别为Tenkin、Tenkin、Langmuir、Tenkin、Freundlich和Freundlich模型.各离子在天然硅藻土上的吸附以物理过程为主,吸附反应容易进行.液/固体系中,应用经典等温吸附模型对试验数据进行线性拟合时,发现平衡吸附量q e不是离子平衡浓度c e的唯一函数,而是c e与吸附剂浓度W0两个变量的函数,q e与c e/W0具有一一对应的函数关系.经典等温吸附模型存在明显的吸附剂浓度效应,参数值不稳定,模拟值与实测值差异显著,缺乏实际指导意义.试验证明新的四组分模型可用于描述天然硅藻土-水溶液体系中单一离子的吸附行为,新模型参数k与q m值也具有唯一性,可用于给定体系的实际定量计算. 相似文献
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提出了一种改进型A2/O脱氮除磷工艺(MAAO),通过工艺试验和活性污泥2D模型对其进行运行和设计优化.结果表明,系统对COD、TN、NH 4-N和TP的平均去除率分别为85.7%、66.8%、97.35%和78.1%;当COD在300mg/L以上时,脱氮除磷效果均较好,可分别达到70%和90%以上.基于试验结果建立的MMAO工艺数学模型仿真效果良好,可对各单元组合进行优化,校核预测不利工况下的工艺运行效果,实现工艺不同工况下的运行参数优化,较好地实现新工艺的机理性优化设计和运行. MMAO稳定运行出水可达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准.由于工艺省去内回流,增加厌氧混合液部分超越提供反硝化碳源,使得运行费用明显降低;系统总停留时间比目前传统的以去除有机污染物为主的生物处理工艺略低,该工艺非常适用于对不具有脱氮除磷功能污水厂的改造. 相似文献
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Photoactive aluminum doped ZnO(AlZnO) was synthesized by sol-gel method.After that,AlZnO photocatalyst was deposited on five carbon-based materials(CBMs) using ultrasonic route followed by solid-state mixing using ball mill.The CBMs used were poly aniline(PANI),carbon nitride(CN),carbon nanotubes(CNT),graphene(G),and carbon nanofibers(CNF).The crystal phases,elemental compositions,morphological,and optical properties of the AlZnO@CBMs composites were investigated.Experimental results revealed that two of AlZnO@CBMs composites exhibited superior bleaching efficiency(100% removal) and photocatalytic stability(three cycles) for 50 μmol/L Methylene Blue(MB) contaminated water after 60 min irradiation in visible light at pH 6.5,0.7% H_2O_2,and 5 g/L inorganic salts.Under optimum conditions,AlZnO@CBMs nanocomposites were employed for the treatment of mixed dyestuffs composed of MB,Methyl Orange(MO),Astrazone Blue FRR(BB 69),and Rhodamine B(RhB) dyes under dark,ultraviolet,visible,and direct sunlight.For mixed dyestuffs,the AlZnO@G achieved the highest dye sorption capacity(60.91 μmol dye stuffs/g) with kinetic rate 8.22 × 10~(-3) min~(-1) in 90 min via multi-layer physisorption(Freundlich isotherm) on graphene sheet.In additions,AlZnO@CN offered the highest photo-kinetic rate(K_(photo)) of~54.1 × 10~(-3) min~(-1)(93.8% after 60 min) under direct sunlight.Furthermore,the selective radical trapping experiment confirmed that the holes and oxidative superoxide radicals are crucial on dyes photodegradation pathway.Owing to their superior performance,AlZnO@G and AlZnO@CN nanocomposites can offer an effective in-situ solar-assisted adsorption/photocatalytic remediation of textile wastewater effluents. 相似文献
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使用SEM/EDX对哈尔滨市夏季不同时段采集的可吸入颗粒物单个矿物颗粒的成分和硫化特征进行研究.结果表明,哈尔滨市夏季PM10中可以鉴定出的矿物有29种,其中黏土矿物所占比例超过了40%;中午时段内的样品几乎没有发生硫化,但早晚时段内采集的样品具有普遍的硫化现象,且黏土矿物发生硫化的几率最高,样品S/Ca的平均比值为1.0,是中午时段样品S/Ca值的73倍,不同时段、气象条件下样品的硫化程度不同,显示其硫化机制各不相同;按矿物的元素含量不同,矿物颗粒分为5种类型:\"富Si\"、\"富Ca\"、\"富S\"、\"富Fe\"、\"富Mg\",显示矿物颗粒主要来自地壳源;各时段样品中的矿物颗粒具有同源性,说明早晚时段样品中富含的S只能是大气二次化学反应的结果,且规则石膏颗粒主要是由方解石等碳酸钙盐矿物发生的硫化作用形成的. 相似文献
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In this study,a series of polyetherimide/SBA-15: 2-D hexagonal P6 mm,Santa Barbara USA(PEI/SBA-15) adsorbents modified by phosphoric ester based surfactants(including tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate(TEP),bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate(BEP) and trimethyl phosphonoacetate(TMPA))were prepared for CO_2 adsorption.Experimental results indicated that the addition of TEP and BEP had positive effects on CO_2 adsorption capacity over PEI/SBA-15.In particular,the CO_2 adsorption amount could be improved by around 20% for 45PEI–5TEP/SBA-15 compared to the additive-free adsorbent.This could be attributed to the decrease of CO_2 diffusion resistance in the PEI bulk network due to the interactions between TEP and loaded PEI molecules,which was further confirmed by adsorption kinetics results.In addition,it was also found that the cyclic performance of the TEP-modified adsorbent was better than the surfactant-free one.This could be due to two main reasons,based on the results of in situ DRIFT and TG-DSC tests.First and more importantly,adsorbed CO_2 species could be desorbed more rapidly over TEP-modified adsorbent during the thermal desorption process.Furthermore,the enhanced thermal stability after TEP addition ensured lower degradation of amine groups during adsorption/desorption cycles. 相似文献
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以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源, 合成了新型的聚硅氯化铝(PASC), 利用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法和SiMo逐时络合比色法分别研究了其Al形态及Si形态分布, 并与常规方法(以硅酸钠为硅源)合成的聚硅氯化铝做了比较.实验结果表明, 新方法合成的PASC具有铝硅分布均匀, 分子量较大, 产品重现性好的优点.两种方法合成的PASC具有相同的Al形态分布规律, 即高分子量Al形态含量随B值(碱化度)和Si-Al摩尔比的增大而增加, Al形态随Si-Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而增大.另外通过新方法发现, Si形态分布也具有规律性并和Al形态具有相似的分布特征, 但Si形态随Si-Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而减小. 相似文献
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为了解同步硝化内源反硝化除磷(SNEDPR)系统处理低C/N(<3)污水的脱氮除磷特性,采用厌氧/低氧(溶解氧0.5~1.0mg/L)运行的SBR反应器,以低碳城市污水为处理对象,考察了C/N对SNEDPR启动、脱氮除磷性能优化与菌群结构变化的影响.结果表明:进水C/N由4.3提高至5.15时,系统脱氮除磷性能均逐渐增强,系统总氮(TN)和PO43--P去除率最高达89.3%和90.6%;降低进水C/N <3后,系统脱氮、除磷性能均呈现先降低后逐渐升高的趋势,但低C/N对PAOs(聚磷菌)除磷性能的影响高于其对反硝化聚糖菌(DGAOs)内源反硝化脱氮性能的影响,表现为TN和PO43--P去除率分别先降低至21.4%和3.4%后逐渐升高至92.9%和94.1%.系统稳定运行阶段,单位COD平均释磷量和SNED率达437.1mgP/gCOD和89.1%,出水NH4+-N、NOx--N和PO43--P浓度平均为0,4.4,0.2mg/L.经136d的运行,系统内PAOs,GAOs,AOB(氨氧化菌)和NOB(亚硝酸盐氧化菌)分别占全菌的(16±3)%,(8±3)%,(7±3)%和(3±1)%,其保证了系统除磷、硝化和反硝化脱氮性能.此外,系统好氧段存在同步短程硝化内源反硝化,是实现低C/N(<3)污水高效脱氮除磷的原因. 相似文献