高效去除Cd2+介孔硅酸钙的制备优化及表征

为了进一步研制高效、廉价的Cd²⁺吸附剂,从介孔硅酸钙（CSH）的制备与优化出发,选择钙硅比（Ca/Si）、表面活性剂种类及其用量为因素,采用正交试验探讨CSH的最优制备条件,并结合扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FTIR）、比表面积测试（BET）、X-射线衍射分析（XRD）,对CSH的结构形貌、材料性能进行评价.结果表明,各因素对合成材料吸附性能的影响顺序为：表面活性剂种类 > 表面活性剂用量 > Ca/Si;最优制备条件为：Ca/Si=1：1,以聚乙二醇（PEG）为表面活性剂,表面活性剂添加量为2%;表面活性剂的添加能显著提高材料的吸附性能,最优条件下制备的介孔硅酸钙对Cd²⁺的饱和吸附容量高达687.71 mg·g^-1,吸附等温线符合Langmiur模型;合成的水化硅酸钙为介孔结构,为狭缝孔,呈纳米花状,比表面积为333.47 m²·g^-1,BJH孔径为10.9 nm,孔隙度为2.199 cm³·g^-1;巨大的比表面积、高孔隙度、表面丰富的活性—OH及材料富含可交换态Ca²⁺,以及能与Cd²⁺发生吸附沉淀、表面络合和离子交换,致使其具有优异的吸附性能,有望为Cd²⁺污染水体治理和土壤修复提供潜在优势新材料.     

Synthesis of a novel illite@carbon nanocomposite adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater

A novel illite@carbon (I@C) nanocomposite adsorbent has been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) using glucose as carbonaceous source and illite as the carrier. The morphology, microstructure and surface properties of the prepared nanocomposite adsorbent were analyzed by FESEM, TGA, XRD, FT-IR and Zeta potential measurements. Batch experiments were carried out on the adsorption of Cr(VI) to determine the adsorption properties of the composite. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the I@C nanocomposite was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. Compared with the illite and carbon material (SC) separately, the prepared I@C nanocomposite adsorbent exhibited enhanced adsorption performance for Cr(VI) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 149.25 mg/g, which was higher than that of most reported adsorbents. In addition, the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic based on the adsorption thermodynamics study. The adsorption of Cr(VI) by I@C was highly pH-dependent and the optimum adsorption occurred at pH 2.0. The Zeta potential analysis results indicated that the electrostatic interactions between anionic Cr(VI) and the positively charged surface of the adsorbent might be critical to the adsorption mechanism. This study demonstrated that the I@C nanocomposite should be a promising candidate for a low-cost, environmental friendly and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of toxic Cr(VI) from wastewater.     

Phosphine functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes: A new adsorbent for the removal of nickel from aqueous solution

Synthesised triphenylphosphine-linked multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Tpp-MWCNTs) were used to study the adsorption of nickel in aqueous solutions and their adsorption capabilities were compared with purified MWCNTs. The adsorption capacity increased with an increase in pH for all adsorbents. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 40 and 30 min for purified MWCNTs and Tpp-MWCNTs, respectively. Both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms used to investigate the adsorption process fitted the experimental data well with the correlation coefficient R² close to 1 for all adsorbents. On the other hand, the experimental data fitted well with a pseudo second-order model. The speciation of nickel also influenced the adsorption on the purified and Tpp-MWCNTs. The adsorbents used in this study showed superior adsorption capacity when compared to other adsorbents reported in the literature.     

纳米伊/蒙黏土对水体中重金属的吸附去除效果

为明确纳米伊/蒙黏土(下称伊/蒙黏土)作为修复材料在去除水体重金属方面的应用潜力,研究了伊/蒙黏土对水体中Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的去除效果与吸附规律,并通过小麦水培试验分析伊/蒙黏土降低水体重金属在小麦地上部分的累积和缓解重金属对小麦的毒害效应等效果. 结果表明:伊/蒙黏土可以吸附去除水体中的Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+,当水体中ρ(Ni2+)、ρ(Cu2+)和ρ(Cd2+)分别为5、10、2 mg/L时,添加2%(以w计)的伊/蒙黏土对3种重金属的去除率均达到95%以上. 伊/蒙黏土对重金属的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,对Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的理论最大吸附量分别为2.13、8.52和1.56 mg/g. 在培养液中添加2%伊/蒙黏土可降低小麦对Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的累积富集,缓解重金属对小麦生长的毒害效应. 研究显示,纳米伊/蒙黏土可有效去除水体中的Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+,并缓解其对小麦的毒性,因此其在修复水体重金属污染、恢复水环境生态功能方面具有潜在的应用前景.      

磁性海藻酸铁介孔碳微球的合成及对水体中砷的去除

本研究以海藻酸钠作为基体前驱材料,利用离子交联法合成了海藻酸铁微球,然后进一步运用真空冷冻和高温裂解法制备了表面附着纳米铁氧化物的磁性海藻酸铁介孔碳微球(MAMC).同时,采用热场发射扫描电镜显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、热重分析仪、磁学测量系统、BET比表面孔径分析仪等对MAMC进行表征,并研究了MAMC对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能,重点考察投加量、pH、时间、初始污染物浓度对吸附性能的影响,并对吸附过程进行了动力学拟合和等温吸附方程拟合,最后对材料进行了再生实验.结果表明,MAMC对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)均表现出良好的吸附性能,对As(Ⅲ)的吸附能力优于As(Ⅴ);当pH值为5~7时,MAMC对两种价态As的吸附效率最优;材料的吸附量随着时间的增加而增加.动力学拟合结果表明,MAMC的吸附过程较好地满足准二级动力学方程,等温吸附曲线较好地满足于Langmuir方程.此外,使用0.1 mol·L~(-1)的Na OH对材料的再生和脱附效果较好,能够实现材料的二次利用.本研究结果对处理含砷废水提供了重要的理论依据.     

Novel eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent fabricated from Pickering middle internal phase emulsions for removal of Pb(II) and Cd (II)

Spherical porous materials prepared from the emulsion template used in the water treat-ment have displayed a vast prospect,as the high surface area,abundant porous structure,convenient operation and excellent adsorption performance.But the tedious fabrication process,high consumption of organic solvent and surfactant limited the application widely.Herein,a facile and eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent (SPA) is fabricated from the green surfactant-free (corn oil)-in-water Pickering medium internal phase emulsions (Pick-ering MIPEs) via the convenient ion crosslinking procedure.The Pickering MIPEs synergis-tically stabilized with the semi-coke (SC),which is the natural particle produced from the shale oil distillation,and sodium alginate (SA) has excellent storage and anti-coalescence stability.The as-prepared porous adsorbent possessed the abundant pore structure,which provided favorable conditions for effective mass transfer in adsorption,and could be tuned by varying the SA dosage.The saturation adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) can be achieved with 460.54 and 278.77 mg/g within 45 min at 25℃,respectively.Overall,this study supplied a viable and eco-friendly route for fabricating the spherical porous adsorbent with a tunable porous structure for heavy metal ion wastewater.     

Assembly of SPS/MgSi assisted by dopamine with excellent removal performance for ciprofloxacin

In this work, magnesium silicate-based sulfonated polystyrene sphere composites(SPS/Mg Si) were synthesized by one-step(SMD1) and two-step(SMD2) methods. For SMD1, Mg Si particles were densely assembled on the surface of SPS, assisted by complexation between Fe 3 + and hydroxyl phenol. For SMD2, SPS/Si O 2 was firstly obtained by the same method as SMD1, and then SPS/Si O 2 was transformed directly to SPS/Mg Si under hydrothermal conditions. Therefore, Mg Si obtained by the two-step method had a...     

Synthesis of novel adsorbent by intercalation of biopolymer in LDH for the removal of arsenic from synthetic and natural water

This study focuses on the synthesis of nanocomposites named CCA and CZA that were prepared by the incorporation of cellulose(CL) in the Ca/Al and Zn/Al layered double hydroxide(LDH),respectively.These materials were then used for the uptake of As(Ⅲ)and As(V) from aqueous medium.Characterization of both nanocomposites(CCA and CZA) was done using FTIR and Raman analysis to identify the functional groups, N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherms to determine the specific surface area and pore geometry and XPS analysis to obtain the surface atomic composition.Some other characters were investigated using simultaneous TGA and DTA and elemental chemical analysis(CHNS/O).The crystallinity of the prepared nanocomposites was displayed by XRD patterns.Furthermore,the sheet-like structure of the LDHs and the irregularity of surface morphology with porous structure were observed by TEM and SEM microphotographs.Optimization of maximum adsorption capacity was adjusted using different parameters including pH,contact time and adsorbent dosage.The pseudo-second-order model was in good fitting with kinetics results.The adsorption isotherm results showed that CZA exhibits better adsorption capacity for As(Ⅲ) than CCA and the Langmuir isotherm model described the data well for both nanocomposites.Thermodynamic studies illustrated the endothermic nature of CCA and exothermic nature on CZA,as well as the fact that the adsorption process is spontaneous.A real water sample collected from well located in Gabes(Tunisia),has also been treated.The obtained experimental results were confirmed that these sorbents are efficient for the treatment of hazardous toxic species such as.     

应用紫外/氯组合工艺去除微污染原水中氨氮的特性研究

针对饮用水中氨氮超标对环境造成的污染问题,采用紫外/氯组合工艺对饮用水中氨氮进行降解研究.结果表明,紫外/氯高级氧化工艺可以有效去除水中氨氮.一方面,自由氯和氨氮之间发生取代反应将氨氮转化为氯胺,254 nm紫外光可有效裂解N—Cl键,一氯胺在254 nm处的摩尔吸光系数为354 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),量子产率为0.68 mol·E~(-1);另一方面,自由氯光解产生的自由基可直接氧化氨氮.随着紫外辐照剂量的增加,氨氮和总溶解性氮(TN)的浓度逐渐减少,当紫外辐照剂量达到1000 mJ·cm~(-2)时,氨氮(起始浓度2 mg·L~(-1))和TN的去除率分别为53%和35%,相比单独氯化条件下分别提高了20%和15%.随着Cl_2/N的增加,氨氮和TN的浓度逐渐减小,当Cl_2/N≥1.6时,紫外/氯组合工艺对氨氮的去除率接近100%,当Cl_2/N1.6时,紫外/氯工艺对TN的去除率相比单独氯化工艺提高了30%左右.此外,氨氮去除率随pH升高而增加,而TN去除率随pH升高而降低.本研究结果可为紫外/氯组合工艺在水厂中的实际应用提供有效的理论和技术支持.     

Development of a hybrid photo-bioreactor and nanoparticle adsorbent system for the removal of CO2 , and selected organic and metal co-pollutants

Fossil fuel combustion and many industrial processes generate gaseous emissions that contain a number of toxic organic pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO₂) which contribute to climate change and atmospheric pollution. There is a need for green and sustainable solutions to remove air pollutants, as opposed to conventional techniques which can be expensive, consume additional energy and generate further waste. We developed a novel integrated bioreactor combined with recyclable iron oxide nano/micro-particle adsorption interfaces, to remove CO_2, and undesired organic air pollutants using natural particles, while generating oxygen. This semi-continuous bench-scale photo-bioreactor was shown to successfully clean up simulated emission streams of up to 45% CO₂ with a conversion rate of approximately 4% CO₂ per hour, generating a steady supply of oxygen (6 mmol/hr), while nanoparticles effectively remove several undesired organic by-products. We also showed algal waste of the bioreactor can be used for mercury remediation. We estimated the potential CO₂ emissions that could be captured from our new method for three industrial cases in which, coal, oil and natural gas were used. With a 30% carbon capture system, the reduction of CO₂ was estimated to decrease by about 420,000, 320,000 and 240,000 metric tonnes, respectively for a typical 500 MW power plant. The cost analysis we conducted showed potential to scale-up, and the entire system is recyclable and sustainable. We further discuss the implications of usage of this complete system, or as individual units, that could provide a hybrid option to existing industrial setups.     

Effects of UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 advanced oxidation on unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina: Implications for removal of invasive species from ballast water

The UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was investigated for ballast water treatment using Dunaliella salina as an indicator. Inactivation curves were obtained, and the toxicity of e uent was determined. Compared with individual unit processes using ozone or UV/Ag-TiO2, the inactivation e ciency of D. salina by the combined UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was enhanced. The presence of ozone caused an immediate decrease in chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration. Inactivation e ciency and chl-a removal e ciency were positively correlated with ozone dose and ultraviolet intensity. The initial total residual oxidant (TRO) concentration of e uent increased with increasing ozone dose, and persistence of TRO resulted in an extended period of toxicity. The results suggest that UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 has potential for ballast water treatment.     

W/D152催化剂的制备及其对汽油中二苯并噻吩的催化氧化性能

采用浸渍法将钨负载在丙烯酸系弱酸性阳离子交换树脂D152上,制成了催化剂W/D152.实验研究了浸渍钨溶液p H值、温度、浓度等制备条件对催化氧化去除二苯并噻吩(DBT)活性的影响,并确定了催化剂的最佳制备条件.同时,运用红外光谱(FTIR)和环境电镜扫描(SEM)对W/D152的微观面貌进行了观察和分析.结果表明,在p H值为2.5,温度为30℃,2.5%(质量分数)的含钨溶液条件下制备的催化剂脱硫效果最佳;初始溶液含硫量为400 mg·kg-1,最高去除率达到99.1%,处理后样品的含硫量约为3.52 mg·kg-1,达到了总含硫量要求小于10mg·kg-1的欧五标准.催化剂表征结果表明,钨成功负载在树脂上,并形成一层薄层.W/D152催化剂循环使用7次后,处理后样品的含硫量仍可达到欧五标准.该催化剂催化氧化二苯并噻吩的反应符合一级动力学模型,速率常数为0.1091 min-1.     

鱼腥藻在满江红-鱼腥藻共生体系去除水中铀时的作用

通过分离有藻满江红中的鱼腥藻,获得无藻满江红和鱼腥藻.采用水培试验的方法分别研究了无藻满江红、有藻满江红和鱼腥藻对水中铀的去除行为,并采用红外光谱技术分析了它们富集铀前后化学基团的变化.结果表明,对于初始浓度分别为2.5和5.0 mg·L-1的铀溶液,在有藻满江红的作用下,分别经过27和36 d生物富集后浓度能降低至GB 23727-2009规定的0.05 mg·L-1排放标准以下,而在无藻满江红和鱼腥藻的作用下,铀浓度无法达到排放标准.相对于无藻满江红,鱼腥藻提高了有藻满江红对水中铀的富集量、富集系数及对铀的抗胁迫能力,从而提高了有藻满江红对水中铀的去除效率.红外分析表明,在富集铀后,与无藻满江红相比,有藻满江红体内出现了芳环和醇类或苷类化合物,而这些新的物质是鱼腥藻在富集铀的过程中产生的,其可能促进了有藻满江红对铀的富集.     

Material conversion from paper sludge ash in NaOH solution to synthesize adsorbent for removal of Pb^2＋, NH^4＋ and PO4^3- from aqueous solution

Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal of inorganic pollutants, such as Pb2+, NH4 + and PO4 3?? from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOH solution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6–48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases, gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24 8H2O) was formed at 80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained una ected. Katoite (Ca3Al2SiO4(OH)8) was formed over 120°C, and hydroxycancrinite (Na8(OH)2Al6Si6O24 2H2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specific surface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the products were also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb2+, NH4 +, and PO4 3?? were higher than that of raw ash.With increasing reaction temperature, the removal e ciencies of Pb2+ and NH4 + decreased due to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal e ciency for PO4 3?? was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in the solution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature.     

Synthesis of carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@C) and its application for sulfonamide antibiotics removal from water

The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment has recently raised serious concerns regarding their potential threat to human health and aquatic ecosystem. A new magnetic nanocomposite, Fe304@C （Fe304 coated with carbon）, was synthesized, characterized, and then applied to remove five commonly-used sulfonamides （SAs） from water. Due to its combinational merits of the outer functionalized carbon shell and the inner magnetite core, Fe3O4@C exhibited a high adsorption affinity for selected SAs and a fast magnetic separability. The adsorption kinetics of SAs on Fe304 @ C could be expressed by the pseudo second-order model. The adsorption isotherms were fitted well with the Dual-mode model, revealing that the adsorption process consisted of an initial partitioning stage and a subsequent hole-filling stage. Solution pH exerted a strong impact on the adsorption process with the maximum removal efficiencies （74% to 96%） obtained at pH 4.8 for all selected SAs. Electrostatic force and hydrogen bonding were two major driving forces for adsorption, and electron-donor-acceptor interactions may also make a certain contribution. Because the synthesized Fe304@C showed comprehensive advantages of high adsorptivity, fast magnetic separability, and prominent reusability, it has potential applications in water treatment.     

A comparison study of the start-up of a MnOx filter for catalytic oxidative removal of ammonium from groundwater and surface water

As an efficient method for ammonium (NH4+) removal, contact catalytic oxidation technology has drawn much attention recently, due to its good low temperature resistance and short start-up period. Two identical filters were employed to compare the process for ammonium removal during the start-up period for ammonium removal in groundwater (Filter-N) and surface water (Filter-S) treatment. Two types of source water (groundwater and surface water) were used as the feed waters for the filtration trials. Although the same initiating method was used, Filter-N exhibited much better ammonium removal performance than Filter-S. The differences in catalytic activity among these two filters were probed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and compositional analysis. XRD results indicated that different manganese oxide species were formed in Filter-N and Filter-S. Furthermore, the Mn3p XPS spectra taken on the surface of the filter films revealed that the average manganese valence of the inactive manganese oxide film collected from Filter-S (FS-MnOx) was higher than in the film collected from Filter-N (FN-MnOx). Mn(IV) was identified as the predominant oxidation state in FS-MnOx and Mn(III) was identified as the predominant oxidation state in FN-MnOx. The results of compositional analyses suggested that polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) used during the surface water treatment was an important factor in the mineralogy and reactivity of MnOx. This study provides the theoretical basis for promoting the wide application of the technology and has great practical significance.     

From waste hot-pot oil as carbon precursor to development of recyclable attapulgite/carbon composites for wastewater treatment

The utilization of waste products as valuable materials was a technical imperative for waste management. In this study, the cost-effective attapulgite/carbon(APT/C) composite was developed for wastewater treatment using waste hot-pot oil as a carbon precursor through a facile one-step calcination process. The APT/C composite prepared at 300°C exhibited the excellent adsorption capacity and rapid equilibrium rate over a broad p H range for the removal of various pollutants. More importantly, the removal ratios of the composites toward Methyl Violet and tetracycline still remained 77.6% and 60.2% of the initial adsorption capacity after ten adsorption–regeneration cycles via a facile thermal regeneration strategy, respectively.Beyond all doubt, this research provided a feasible and economical way for the sustainable utilization of waste hot-pot oil in wastewater treatment, achieving the concept of disposal waste with waste and recycling.     

A novel and stretchable carbon-nanotube/Ni@TiO2:W photocatalytic composite for the complete removal of diclofenac drug from the drinking water

We present the structural, morphological and photocatalytic properties of stretchable composites made with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silicon rubber and Ni@TiO₂:W nanoparticles (TiWNi NPs) with average size of 37 ± 2 nm. Microscopy images showed that the TiWNi NPs decorated the surface of the CNT fibers, which are oriented in a preferential direction. TiWNi NPs presented a mixture of anatase/rutile phases with cubic structure. The performance of the TiWNi powders and stretchable composites was evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac (DCF) anti-inflammatory drug under ultraviolet-visible light. The results revealed that the maximum DCF degradation percentages were 34.6%, 91.9%, 97.1%, 98.5% and 100% for the CNT composite (stretched at 0%), TiWNi powders, CNT + TiWNi (stretched at 0%), CNT + TiWNi (stretched at 50%) and CNT + TiWNi (stretched at 100%), respectively. Thus, stretching the CNT + TiWNi composites was a good strategy to enhance the DCF degradation percentage from 97.1% to 100%, since stretching created additional defects (oxygen vacancies) that acted as electron sink, delaying the electron-hole recombination, and favors the DCF degradation. Raman/absorbance measurements confirmed the presence of such defects. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by the scavenger's experiments and found that the main ROS were the ·OH and O₂⁻ radicals, which attacked the DCF molecules, causing their degradation. The results of this investigation confirmed that the stretchable CNT/TiWNi-based composites are a viable alternative to remove pharmaceutical contaminants from water and can be manually separated from the decontaminated water, which is unviable using photocatalytic powders.