含油污泥减量化工艺试验及对比

文章针对含油污泥特性,对某油田两套在用含油污泥减量化工艺污泥浓缩罐+旋流器+卧式离心机与污泥浓缩罐+叠螺机开展对比试验,优选得出:最佳药剂为TH-03固态聚丙烯酰胺,其加药量为40mg/L时含油污泥脱水效果较好。综合考虑运行管理、运行效果和运行成本等因素,提出污泥浓缩罐+叠螺机工艺具有更广泛的应用前景。     

污泥减量热解机热解焚烧技术概述

针对目前我国城市污水处理厂产生大量污泥,二次污染现象日益严重的状况,阐述了污泥的性质特点及主要处理处置方法,介绍并分析了污泥减量热解机热解焚烧技术的工作原理、工作流程、技术特点,以及污泥热解处理系统的主要设备。     

陇东油田含油污泥处理技术

阐述了陇东油田含油污泥及其处理现状,重点介绍了陇东油田在含油污泥处理技术上的探索与实践。一种方法是将含油污泥经过化学剂处理后作为调剖剂用于注水井调剖,达到了增油降水效果。另一种方法是对大量的含油污泥采取规模化的焚烧集中处理,最终达到含油污泥的规范、合理处置。     

水热处理温度对污泥中碳、氮、磷溶出的影响

为了提高污泥中有机物和无机物的溶出率,改善污泥的厌氧消化效果,研究了水热温度对污泥中碳、氮、磷溶出的影响。结果表明:水热预处理加速了污泥固体有机物的溶出和水解,提高了污泥中碳、氮、磷的溶出效率。在水热温度为200℃的条件下,可溶性化学需氧量(SCOD)提高了168.76%,氨氮和总氮达到最大溶出率。污泥经过厌氧消化后,污泥中磷酸根和总磷的含量明显降低。     

微生物处理含油污泥工艺研究

文章研究了一种新型的微生物处理工艺及微生物热通风法处理含油污泥。选择已有的强化微生物复合菌种,以姬塬油田落地含油污泥为研究对象,实验室找到微生物处理含油污泥的合理温度及湿度;在现场通过预埋管路给含油污泥进行加湿、加热,人工给予最适条件,经过两个月的处理,使含油污泥含油率由12.0%下降到0.27%,达到GB 4284—84《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》要求。     

超声处理对污泥厌氧消化的影响——消化效率对比

为研究超声处理对污泥消化效率的影响，笔者在大坦沙污水处理厂做了现场对比试验。所用的污泥分别为经过和未经过超声处理的污泥。试验结果显示，超声处理可以显著缩短消化罐的调试周期并提高消化效率，不同的混合比例可以使产气率提高30％～60％。     

污泥肥料精加工技术的探讨

本文记述经过高温堆肥的污泥肥料,采用硬颗粒加工机进行污泥肥料的精加工生产,试验规模350kg／h。     

含油污泥处理新技术与设备研究

针对辽河油田含油污泥处理现状,经过科研攻关、工艺优选,研制出高效、环保的处理工艺技术和设备,通过该技术的核心设备"三相分离器"分离含油污泥各种杂质,再进行综合利用。结果表明:该项技术与设备对含油污泥处理彻底,综合利用率高,同时具有实用性强、操作性好及良好的环境效益和经济效益。     

表面活性剂促进污泥产酸及用于生物除磷的研究进展

表面活性剂可以提高污泥发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸的产量。经过污泥水解发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸,既能作为生物除磷系统所需的优质碳源,使城市污水达到稳定深度除磷的要求,又减少了剩余污泥对环境的污染。将城市污水厂污泥生物转化为挥发性有机酸并用于生物除磷,丰富了污水生物处理和污泥处理与资源化等研究内容。     

测定蚯蚓体内锌、铜、镍、铅时,两种前处理方法对照

在研究人工养殖蚯蚓处理工业污泥的同时,由于污泥中的锌、铜、镍、铅元素,经过蚯蚓吞食而积蓄在体内。从而必须对蚯蚓体(以下简称蚓体)内的锌、     

含油污泥回注技术开辟环保新思路

含油污泥的处理或再生利用,已成为国内外各油田亟待解决的难题。利用含油污泥产于地层、与油层有良好配伍性的有利因素,对其进行化学处理,使之成为含油污泥调剖剂进行回注,用于高渗透注水井调剖。室内试验表明,含油污泥调剖剂能够进入油层深部,起到较好深部调剖的作用。     

炉渣用于深层过滤的试验研究

将炉渣用作深层过滤的床层过滤,在油田水处理中具有良好的应用前景。通过对炉渣滤料的物性测定,对流体力学性能、过滤性能及反洗性能的研究,获得了有关炉渣滤料的粒径分布、床层孔隙率、密度、吸水率等物性参数,以及清洁滤料床层阻力与速度的关系曲线和流化曲线,过滤条件下床层阻力随时间的变化关系和悬浮物脱除率随时间的变化曲线,炉渣床层的反洗曲线。结果表明：炉渣表面粗糙,有棱角,吸附表面积大,孔隙率大,过滤效果好;炉渣滤料密度小,反洗效果较好,反洗用水量只是过滤水量的５％左右;同时,炉渣作为滤料用于深层过滤,不仅来源广泛,而且属废物利用。     

含油污泥深度调剖技术研究与应用

大庆油田通过含油污泥深度调剖剂的室内配方研究,分析了各种影响因素,得出最佳含油污泥调剖剂配方,并选择杏10-1-W472井进行了现场应用。应用结果为:深度调剖后2个月,周围连通油井开始见效,平均日增液27m3,日增油1.6t,综合含水率下降0.5%,平均流压上升0.93MPa,说明低出液、低含水部位的出液比例得到了大幅提高,实现了对这部分剩余油的挖潜目标。该实验表明:含油污泥经过处理后复配成调剖剂,回注到地下,既可提高采收率,又可解决长期以来含油污泥外排造成的环境污染问题。     

厌氧水解—高负荷生物滤池处理城镇污水的试验研究

厌氧水解－高负荷生物滤池是一种利用附着在塑料模块填料上的微生物系统对城镇污水中的污染物质进行降解处理的绿色环保技术。厌氧水解池和高负荷生物滤池采用的塑料模块填料具有高空隙率、高附着面积、高布水性能和抗堵塞的优异性能,并无须回流。当厌氧水解池水力停留时间为4小时,生物滤池水力负荷为30米^3/米^2。日,该系统处理城镇污水的CODCr去除率达80－86％,BOD5去除率达85％－95％。SS去除率达85－95％,处理后出水上述各项指标均可满足国家二级生物处理排放标准的要求。与广泛运用的活性法处理系统相比,该技术可节约基建投资20％以上,节约能耗50％以上,同时还具有流程简单、管理方便、耐冲击负荷、剩余污泥少等特点。     

Use of reactive materials to bind phosphorus

Phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural soils have caused surface water quality impairment in many regions of the world, including The Netherlands. Due to the large amounts of P accumulated in Dutch soils, the generic fertilizer and manure policy will not be sufficient to reach in time the surface water quality standards of the European Water Framework Directive. Additional measures must be considered to further reduce P enrichment of surface waters. One option is to immobilize P in soils or manure or to trap P when it moves through the landscape by using reactive materials with a large capacity to retain P. We characterized and tested two byproducts of the process of purification of deep groundwater for drinking water that could be used as reactive materials: iron sludge and iron-coated sand. Both materials contain low amounts of inorganic contaminants, which also have a low (bio)availability, and bound a large amount of P. We could describe sorption of P to the iron sludge in batch experiments well with the kinetic Freundlich equation (Q = × t (m) × C(n)). Kinetics had a large influence on P sorption in batch and column experiments and should be taken into account when iron-containing materials are tested for their capability to immobilize or trap P. A negative aspect of the iron sludge is its low hydraulic conductivity; even when mixed with pure sand to a mixture containing 20% sludge, the conductivity was very low, and only 10% sludge may be needed before application is possible in filters or barriers for removing P from groundwater. Due to its much higher hydraulic conductivity, iron-coated sand has greater potential for use under field conditions. Immobilizing P could be an option for using iron sludge as a reactive material.     

Trees' role in nitrogen leaching after organic, mineral fertilization: a greenhouse experiment

New sustainable agriculture techniques are arising in response to the environmental problems caused by intensive agriculture, such as nitrate leaching and surface water eutrophication. Organic fertilization (e.g., with sewage sludge) and agroforestry could be used to reduce nutrient leaching. We assessed the efficiency of establishing trees and pasture species in environmentally sensitive, irrigated Mediterranean grassland soils in controlling nitrate leaching. Four vegetation systems-bare soil, pasture species, cherry trees [ (L.) L.], and pasture-tree mixed plantings-and five fertilization treatments-control, two doses of mineral fertilizer, and two doses of organic fertilizer (sewage sludge)-were tested in a greenhouse experiment over 2 yr. In the experiment, the wet and warm climate characteristics of Mediterranean irrigated croplands and the plant-to-plant and soil-to-plant interactions that occur in open-field agroforestry plantations were simulated. Following a factorial design with six replicates, 120 pots (30-cm radius and 120 cm deep) were filled with a sandy, alluvial soil common in the cultivated fluvial plains of the region. The greatest pasture production and tree growth were obtained with sewage sludge application. Both pasture production and tree growth decreased significantly in the pasture-tree mixed planting. Nitrate leaching was negligible in this latter treatment, except under the highest dose of sewage sludge application. The rapid mineralization of sludge suggested that this organic fertilizer should be used very cautiously in warm, irrigated Mediterranean soils. Mixed planting of pasture species and trees, such as , could be a useful tool for mitigating nitrate leaching from irrigated Mediterranean pastures on sandy soils.     

含油污泥调剖技术在陇东油田悦29区的应用

针对长庆陇东油田悦29区注水平面矛盾突出的特点,优选了含油污泥调剖技术。详细介绍了调剖体系的配制,调剖体系性能测试表明其相关性能指标满足要求。进行了驱替模拟试验,结果表明:其封堵作用可以维持较长时间,通过对不同注水井组进行现场应用,显示该技术能改善水驱开发效果,可以满足油藏深部封堵大孔道的技术要求,有增油降水效果。     

曝气生物滤池在石化污水处理工程中的应用

曝气生物滤池可以用于石化污水的二段生化处理,是一种运行可靠、自动化程度高、出水水质好和抗冲击能力强的好氧生物处理新工艺。它与活性污泥法工艺相比,对于低基质污水二段生化工况,其有机物容积负荷高,污水停留时间短,其后不须设置二次沉淀池。与普通生物滤池相比,其占地面积小,不宜堵塞。与生物接触氧化方法相比,生物活性较高,处理效果好。曝气生物滤池集曝气池、二次沉淀池和滤池的功能于一身,其出水水质指标可以完全达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

污泥浓缩脱水及相关技术研究进展

文章对污泥浓缩、污泥调理、污泥脱水技术发展现状进行了介绍,着重对主流污泥脱水技术及设备选型进行了分析比较,强调了污泥处理技术具有各自的适用范围.此外还介绍了超声波技术在污泥处理领域应用的前景.     

采油作业“三废”控制技术研究与应用

针对采油作业产生的废酸、固废、废水处理成本高、技术不成熟等问题,研发改性废酸降压增注、深部调剖技术;高比重污泥悬浮研磨后的固废处理技术;低耗水打塞、原井液+CaCl2压井、原井液处理再利用技术,减少了"三废"的产生,解决了"三废"环保处理费高等问题,消除了环保隐患,实现了清洁生产,环境效益显著。