一株脱氨除臭菌的分离鉴定及在鸡粪中的脱氮特性

为脱除鸡粪中的臭味,从黑土中分离并鉴定了一株脱氨除臭菌株并研究其特性.通过生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析对分离到的菌株进行鉴定,并研究了菌株的生长特性以及硝化与异养硝化能力.结果表明,菌株QDTN-34属于霍氏肠杆菌属(Enterobacter hormaechei),QDTN-34菌株的最适生长温度在27℃左右,最适生长pH为8,生长最佳C/N为25∶1;QDTN-34菌株在培养基内培养3d时,对氨氮的去除率高达到64.75％,对硝氮的去除率高达到71.00％.在鸡粪除臭过程中,在C/N为25∶1的鸡粪中最佳接种量为5.0％,在鸡粪中培养9d时,菌数可达到(2.5 ～2.6)×108cfu/mL,其对氨氮和硝氮的去除率分别达到59.90％和67.71％.总之,QDTN-34菌株的生物特性稳定,环境的适应能力强,脱氨除臭能力佳,具有良好的应用前景.     

膜生物反应器好氧反硝化菌的筛选及鉴定

从某膜生物反应器(MBR)污泥中筛选出反硝化活性较高的好氧反硝化细菌,进行了反硝化活性检测、菌种鉴定和作用机制探索。结果表明,共分离出6株好氧反硝化细菌,在较低的菌浓度(1×105个/mL)、DO为4.2~5.5mg/L的条件下启动脱氮反应,菌株F2、F4、F5在24、48h的总氮去除率分别超过40.29%、67.19%,硝酸盐氮去除率分别在64.21%、83.31%以上;经16SrDNA序列测序和比对,菌株F2、F4、F5分别与苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrumsp.)、蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、布鲁菌属(Brucellasp.)的同源性最高;PCR扩增结果表明,菌株F2、F4、F5中均具有周质硝酸盐还原酶,这几种细菌很可能通过这种酶来实现好氧反硝化。     

Isolation and identification of 3-bromocarbazole-degrading bacteria

In this study, a bacterial strain, CH-1, capable of degrading 3-bromocarbazole (3-BCZ) was isolated from a polluted soil. Based on its physio-biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA genes, strain CH-1 was identified as a Stenotrophomonas sp. Strain CH-1 was able to degrade 70% of 50 mg/L 3-BCZ within 8 d at pH 7.0 and 30°C in mineral salt medium (MSM). During the process, the main intermediate metabolite was identified as (2E, 4Z)-6-(2-amino-5-bromophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxhexa-2, 4-dienoic by gas (2E, 4Z)-6-(2-amino-5-bromophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxhexa-2,4-dienoic via gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The metabolite disappeared after 14 d, suggesting that the metabolite can also be degraded by strain CH-1. 3-BCZ is a new persistent organic pollutant. This is the first report of the biodegradation of 3-BCZ. The results indicated that strain CH-1 may be a promising bacterial candidate for the bioremediation of environments polluted with polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCs).     

Isolation and identification of arsenobetaine from the American lobster Homarus amerjcanus

The naturally occurring arsenic compound present in the muscle tissue of the American lobster, Homarus americanus has been isolated and shown to be arsenobetaine.     

3株反硝化聚磷菌的分离与鉴定

通过烛缸法培养富集、分离,结合除磷试验、硝酸盐还原产气试验及异染颗粒和PHB颗粒染色辅助检验相结合的方法筛选,得到3株具有较高脱氮除磷效率的反硝化聚磷菌DNPA8, DNPA9和DNPA10。在富氮富磷培养基中培养48 h,各菌株的脱氮率均大于75%,除磷率均大于78%。采用多相分类的方法确定了3株反硝化聚磷菌的分类地位,DNPA8为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌,DNPA9为水生丛毛单胞菌属首次发现的反硝化聚磷菌;DNPA10为约翰逊氏不动杆菌。该研究结果为富营养化水体的治理提供了有效的菌种资源。     

Isolation and identification of intermediates from biodegradation of low chlorinated biphenyls (Delor-103)

Microorganism Pseudomonas species P2 metabolizes polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and biphenyl, producing the whole spectrum of intermediates, among them coloured intermediates, which are suitable for the monitoring of PCBs degradation by optical sensors. Knowledge of chemical structures and conditions of development of colour metabolites is necessary for application of optical analytical methods. The main goal of this work was the isolation and identification of intermediates from the biodegradation of the mixture of low chlorinated biphenyls (Delor-103), which is based on the solid phase extraction (SPE) of the whole mixture using LiChrolut EN cartridges, then silylation of the extract as one way to the identification of one part of intermediates by GC-MS, and acetylation of the extract as a way for the further concentration and analysis of more polar chlorobiphenylols and chlorobiphenyldiols. The combination of SPE and following acetylation allows to obtain chlorobiphenylols and chlorobiphenyldiols as an almost pure fraction. The acetylation method could be also used instead SPE procedure with the same final concentration effect. Using the simulation mass spectrometry program, two new compounds, dihydrodihydroxytrichloro- and tetrahydrodihydroxytrichlorobiphenyl, as silylderivatives, were identified.     

一株鱼粉加工硫化氢恶臭气体脱除菌株的分离与鉴定

鱼粉是水产动物、及畜禽动物养殖饲料中无法替代的优质动物蛋白源。然而因加工原料新鲜度不断下降、腐败等原因,鱼粉加工过程中会释放出大量的硫化氢恶臭气体,导致周边环境的严重污染。取鱼粉厂污水沉淀池中的污泥,对脱硫微生物进行富集、分离、纯化、检测脱硫效率,得到一株高效脱硫菌株XJ-2,其脱硫效率达87.1%。通过菌株形态观察、生理生化实验、API 50CHB试剂条检测及16S rDNA测序鉴定,结果确定该菌为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。研究菌株XJ-2生长特性,发现菌株对环境中的pH值耐受力较强,不耐高温,正好避开鱼粉厂休业期,且经生长曲线研究发现该菌的稳定期较长,具有良好的应用前景。此研究将为生物法脱除鱼粉加工恶臭气体的应用提供一定的理论基础。     

固废拆解场污染土壤中多环芳烃降解菌的筛选鉴定与降解特性

以腐植酸(HA) 溶液为吸附剂、从受多环芳烃污染的土壤中分离出来的降解菌制成为生物修复剂,以多环芳烃(PAHs)萘、菲、芘、荧蒽、苯并蒽、苯并芘为土壤污染物,对PAHs污染土壤进行修复实验。目的是筛选与分离吸附于HA的PAHs降解菌,研究HA与降解菌的协同效应对PAHs的降解效率的影响。用经过HA吸附的PAHs富集分离培养出1株高效降解菌株, 命名为Tzyx3,鉴定其为解脂耶氏酵母菌(Yarrowia lipolytica)。15 d后,土壤中萘、菲、芘、荧蒽、苯并蒽、苯并芘的降解率分别为90.7%、91.0%、74.7%、86.9%、84.7%和74.7%,表明Tzyx3和HA在PAHs污染土壤中存在协作关系,Tzyx3能够直接利用HA对土壤中的多环芳烃进行降解。     

一株微囊藻毒素降解菌的分离与鉴定

以水华蓝藻细胞中提取的微囊藻毒素为筛选物质,从太湖水华腐烂蓝藻中富集筛选出1株微囊藻毒素降解菌。该菌株革兰氏染色呈阴性,细胞细长杆状,菌落黄色,圆形,不透明,接触酶、氧化酶实验均呈阳性。16S rRNA基因序列的长度为1 416 bp(GenBank登录号为FJ976656)。系统发育树显示,该菌株与微嗜酸寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas acidam-iniphila)的亲缘关系最近。通过菌株形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列分析,将此菌株鉴定为微嗜酸寡养单胞菌,不同于已报道的微囊藻毒素降解菌属种。微囊藻毒素降解实验表明,该菌株5 d内将15.4 mg/L的微囊藻毒素完全降解,降解能力高于假单胞菌。     

AFB的活性污泥中发酵细菌的分离及其初步鉴定

从处理啤酒废水的厌氧流化床的活性污泥中分离纯化到了发酵细菌,并对其培养条件进行了研究,实验表明,该发酵细菌最佳培养温度为37～42℃,最佳培养时间为28 d,同时对其进行了生理生化和形态鉴定。将该发酵细菌反加到AFB反应器中,能有效降低反应器的启动时间,能提高反应器处理啤酒废水的处理效率约8%。     

Isolation and identification of an anti-algal compound from Artemisia annua and mechanisms of inhibitory effect on algae

The goals of this work were to isolate and identify an anti-algal compound from extracts of Artemisia annua and study its mode of action on Microcystis aeruginosa. The anti-algal compound was isolated from the extracts using column chromatography and activity-guided fractionation methods. Artemisinin with strong anti-algal activity was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The EC₅₀ of artemisinin on M. aeruginosa was 3.2 mg L⁻¹. Artemisinin decreased the soluble protein content and increased the superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbic acid content of M. aeruginosa, but exerted no effect on soluble sugar content. The results suggested the mode of action of artemisinin on algae may primarily be the increasing level of reactive oxygen species in algae cells. The results of our research could aid in the development of new anti-algal substances and lead to further study of mechanisms of inhibitory effect on algae.     

甲醛降解细菌的分离鉴定和降解效果测定

从某化工厂污水处理系统的活性污泥中分离纯化得到一株能降解甲醛的革兰氏阳性菌,对其进行形态及生理生化特性测定,提取并纯化其基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增菌株的16S rDNA,测序结果表明,该菌株和苏云金芽孢杆菌的同源性为100%。在含1.2 μL/mL的甲醛的培养基上培养该菌36 h后,甲醛降解去除率达到72％以上。     

2株乙酰甲胺磷降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

利用富集及驯化培养方法,从长期生产农药企业的废水处理系统、厂房周边污染的土壤和池水中,分离筛选出2株能够高效降解乙酰甲胺磷的菌株Y3、Y6。在形态特征和生理生化鉴定的基础上,对其16S rDNA序列进行了分析,并重点研究了它们对乙酰甲胺磷及其他农药的降解特性和抗性。结果表明,Y3、Y6分别为寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)和假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)。Y3、Y6在乙酰甲胺磷浓度分别为500 mg/L和1 000 mg/L,培养温度30℃,初始pH8,接种量为2.5%条件下,一周内可以将80%左右的乙酰甲胺磷矿化为磷酸根。外加葡萄糖及酵母膏对降解效率的研究表明,当酵母膏含量为1 g/L时,降解效果最理想;而外加葡萄糖的量,能相对抑制其对农药的降解。抗性实验显示,Y3、Y6均可在较高浓度的其他有机磷类及氨基甲酸酯类农药的普通培养基中生长,对其他农药的抗性也比较广泛。植物侵染实验显示,Y3、Y6对实验中的豆科、禾本科、十字花科及葫芦科植物不具备致病性,说明Y3、Y6环境安全性较强。     

一株具有藻毒素降解和溶藻功能细菌的分离鉴定

从太湖水华腐烂蓝藻中富集筛选出一株编号A-8的细菌。该菌株菌落圆形、灰白色,革兰氏染色阴性,氧化酶阴性,接触酶阳性;分子系统进化树显示为溶血不动杆菌。根据以上结果,将此菌株鉴定为溶血不动杆菌。此外,对这株菌降解微囊藻毒素、不同生长时期的细菌的溶藻效果及溶藻专一性进行了研究。结果显示:该菌在3 d时间里将藻毒素降解了30.4%;细菌通过分泌胞外物质溶藻,细菌在衰退期时胞外分泌物的溶藻效果最好;该菌还对瘤状念珠藻、颤藻等9种蓝藻有溶藻作用。     

好氧反硝化苯酚降解菌的分离鉴定及动力学

从驯化菌群中分离筛选出一株好氧反硝化苯酚降解细菌,经生理生化反应及16S rDNA测序,鉴定为Diaphorobacter属细菌。在好氧条件下,该菌株以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源,利用NO-3-N作为反硝化电子受体,其生长与反硝化特性研究表明:在接种量5%(体积分数),30℃,180 r/min振荡培养条件下,菌株降酚能力可达1 400 mg/L,同时,能有效去除初始浓度为165 mg/L的硝酸盐氮,60 h其去除率为91.5%,高含量苯酚对菌体生长有一定的抑制作用。应用Haldane方程对其生长过程进行动力学模拟,拟合曲线与实验测定值相关性良好,各参数分别为μmax(最大比增长率)0.324 h-1,Ks(半饱和常数)9.36 mg/L,Ki(抑制常数)146.72 mg/L,通过理论分析及实验验证得,该菌株苯酚降解动力学与其生长动力学表现出相似的趋势。     

Determination and identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked and charcoal-broiled food products by high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography.

A high pressure liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed and applied to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) in 70 samples of smoked food products commercially available in Canada, and in 6 charcoal broiled meats. In some cases a gas-liquid chromatographic procedure was used as a confirmatory technique. In the commercial samples PAH's were detected in approx. 70% of the samples. Total PAH's ranged from 0-141 ppb and individual PAH's from 0-38 ppb. With the charcoal-broiled samples, total PAH's and individual PAH's ranged from 0-164 ppb and 0-60 ppb respectively. These levels are similar to those observed in other countries.     

一株亚硝酸盐降解菌的分离鉴定与系统发育分析

从水产养殖污泥中分离筛选了一株优良的亚硝酸盐降解菌AQ-3,其在1.0×107 cfu/mL时对50mg/L亚硝酸盐的去除率高达99.47%。通过细菌自动鉴定系统(API ID32GN系统)以及16SrDNA系统发育分析,菌株AQ-3被鉴定为鲍曼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)(JF751054),其16SrDNA序列与基因库中不动杆菌属菌株的16SrDNA序列有99%的同源性,而且与鲍曼氏不动杆菌菌株14(FJ907197)的亲缘关系最近。此外,菌株AQ-3同时含有nirS基因、nirK基因和norB基因,这些基因对AQ-3高效降解亚硝酸盐具有重要的意义。     

Isolation and identification of new vasodilative substances in diesel exhaust particles

Background, aim, and scope  

We recently developed a new isolation method for diesel exhaust particles (DEP), involving successive extraction with H₂O, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium hydroxide, in which the sodium hydroxide extract was found to consist of phenolic components. Analysis of the extract revealed that vasodilative-active nitrophenols are in DEP in significantly higher concentrations than those estimated by an earlier method involving a combination of solvent extraction and repeated chromatography. These findings indicated that our new procedure offers a simple, efficient, and reliable method for the isolation and identification of bioactive substances in DEP. This encouraged us to extend our work toward investigating new vasodilatory substances in the sodium bicarbonate extract.     

一株高效脱硫菌的分离鉴定和脱硫特性研究

从污水净化厂二沉池回流污泥中分离到一株硫杆菌菌株dj-5,该菌株是一种兼性厌氧菌,通过生理生化特性鉴定,并结合16S rDNA序列分析及鉴定,该菌株可以确定为脱氮硫杆菌（Thiobacillus denitrificans）。该菌株的生长曲线表明菌体生长迅速,延滞期约为8 h,然后细菌进入对数生长期,这一阶段持续时间大约20～24 h,稳定期较短,细菌很快进入衰亡期。通过脱硫工艺实验考察了pH值、温度和搅拌速度对脱硫率和菌体生长的影响,结果表明,在进气量180 L/h、pH=6～8、温度为25～35℃和搅拌速度为270 r/min时,该菌株能正常生长,对进气浓度高达2 500 mg/m³的硫化氢脱除率在91%以上。     

一株毒死蜱降解菌的分离鉴定及降解性能研究

从农药厂废水处理池污泥中分离到一株对毒死蜱有较强降解能力的菌株CH3,通过生理生化试验初步将该菌鉴定为哈夫尼菌属(Hafnia sp.)。CH3能以毒死蜱为唯一碳源生长,在温度为30℃,pH为7.0,毒死蜱初始浓度为200 mg/L的条件下,历时6 d,毒死蜱的降解率可达78.5%。菌株最适生长温度为37℃,最适pH值为7.0,最适降解浓度为200 mg/L。对碳、氮源利用广泛,最佳碳源为蔗糖和葡萄糖,对氮源选择性不高,在无机氮源和有机氮源中均能较好地生长。