Prenatal diagnosis of exophytic nevus sebaceous of the scalp

Nevus sebaceous is a complex hamartoma most commonly found on the scalp, face, and neck and is often present at birth, although some may be diagnosed later in infancy. We report the first prenatal diagnosis of isolated nevus sebaceous that presented at 19 weeks' gestation as a large and exophytic tumor of the scalp. This case emphasizes the crucial role of ultrasound examination performed with high-frequency probes, which revealed associated diffuse lesions of the face. Identification of such a facial involvement could have a dramatic prognostic impact. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

How do neutron stars evolve?

A possible evolutionary history of neutron stars is delineated, ranging from star formation through supernova explosions, X-ray and pulsar stages to an eventual pulsar turnoff via spin alignment, or magnetic field decay. New is the emphasis that there should be two populations of pulsars, the slow and the fast one, according to their successive formation in a binary system. The two pulsar populations are related to two phenotypes of supernova remnants, of which Cas A and the Crab are the best known examples.     

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of a fetal abdominal mass: A case of a mesenchymal liver hamartoma and a review of the literature

A case of a prenatally recognized hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma is presented and the literature reviewed. These tumors are benign and usually present in early infancy with symptoms that are related to the mass effect on adjacent organs. Radiologic methods used in the past to image this tumor include angiography and ultrasound. However, there is no specific radiologic finding, and, therefore, the diagnosis is usually made during surgery. Once the tumor is removed, the prognosis is generally good. With the increasing use of high resolution ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis, this rare tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any multicystic mass found in the fetal abdomen. The recognition of a mass should then alert the physician to the need for early neonatal intervention.     

基于面板数据分析的潮汐对地下水的影响研究

海水入侵已成为全球性的海岸带环境问题,由于海平面变化是一个长期、缓慢的过程,海水入侵往往难以预测。潮汐波动作为一种有规律的海平面变化,探讨其对地下水的影响使预测海水入侵成为可能。面板数据具有时间和空间两个维度,能更好的代表来自不同个体和不同时间的数据信息,本论文利用连续测量的地层视电阻率数据,采用面板数据方法分析了潮汐波动对视电阻率影响的强度分布,由此预测了海平面上升对地层电阻率的影响和地层视电阻率的变化趋势。     

生物强化方式对生物转盘处理养殖废水效果及生物多样性的影响

畜禽养殖废水污染物浓度高、生物毒性大,导致传统生物处理工艺难以满足达标排放要求.为探究高效的畜禽养殖废水处理工艺,采用生物转盘作为主体工艺,利用异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌（简称"HN-AD菌"）为生物强化菌剂,对比了强化污泥挂膜和菌剂挂膜两种不同生物强化方式下该工艺在启动时间、碳耗、能耗、真实废水处理效果及微生物多样性方面的差异,以确定最佳生物强化方式.结果表明:①模拟废水试验中,菌剂挂膜反应器启动时间（19 d）明显短于强化污泥挂膜（33 d）,参数优化后发现,在相同处理效果下,前者碳耗、能耗较后者分别低48.22%、33.33%.②真实废水处理试验中,菌剂挂膜反应器的COD_Cr、NH₄+-N、TN平均去除率较后者分别高7.11%、26.97%、29.14%.③在微生物多样性方面,菌剂挂膜体系中Comamonas（丛毛单胞菌属）相对丰度是强化污泥挂膜体系的10倍左右,推测Comamonas可能是在异养硝化好氧反硝化过程中发挥关键作用的菌属.④SEM观察发现菌剂挂膜生物转盘盘片上的生物膜更薄,但HN-AD优势菌富集程度更高.研究显示,菌剂挂膜反应器对模拟废水、真实废水的处理效果均优于强化污泥挂膜反应器,且效果更稳定.      

原始大气的演变与石油天然气的形成

关于石油天然气的形成 ,有机成因说目前已被普遍接受。但天文学家发现宇宙中存在大量天际有机分子 ,其中甲烷是天然气的主要成分 ,这就说明有机物并非是石油天然气的唯一来源 ,石油天然气的形成可能十分复杂 ,是多种因素综合的结果。本文试图从原始地球的原始大气组成入手 ,简要分析其演化历程以及可能形成的有机物 ,重新探讨石油天然气的形成。     

The fetal cerebellum. Pitfalls in diagnosis and management

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital and acquired cerebellar disorders is possible by the use of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although numerous studies have been conducted in this field, diagnostic uncertainties are still common in daily clinical practice. This review outlines five possible pitfalls in the diagnosis of fetal cerebellar disorders: confusion between different entities describing vermian pathologies (Dandy–Walker variant, vermian hypoplasia and vermian agenesis); premature diagnosis of abnormal vermian formation; difficulties in the ultrasonographic differentiation between the cerebellar hemispheres and the vermis; late development of cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy and differential diagnosis of unilateral cerebellar findings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高氟地下水形成的组态分析——以豫东平原区为例

高氟地下水的形成机理研究是目前相关理论研究的关键问题,文章在系统思想指导下将传统的水化学类型分类方法进行改进,以组态分析的方法进行形成机理研究,得出以下结论:(1)高氟地下水的形成是多因子协同作用的结果;(2)作为非线性系统,高氟地下水的形成是个多态问题,就某一个区段而言是一个"暂态",一直处于多态的变化过程中,在此过程中各个因子相互作用形成多组态;(3)Na+>Ca2+型的水化学组态的高氟率(平均51%)明显大于Na+相似文献   

Basic Approach to a Prediction System for Burr Formation in Face Milling

Geometric parameters and material properties are the two major categories of factors affecting burr formation in the milling process. Geometric parameters such as tool geometry, workpiece geometry, or process condition influence workpiece edge quality at the tool-chip interface. This study identifies a unified criterion to analyze burr formation for different tool engagements. The criterion exploits the exit order of cutting edges of the tool along the workpiece edge, which essentially includes the 3-D nature of the process. The criterion correlates the cutting mechanism and burr formation using the exit order sequence (EOS) as an approximation of chip flow angle. The impact of different possible exit order sequences on burr formation is analyzed. Previously observed phenomena are explained based on the EOS. Also, experiments are done with three different materials (with different ductilities) to analyze the impact of material properties on burr formation for a given EOS. Although burr sizes are different quantitatively with different material, the ranking of burr size for different EOS remained the same. An algorithm for the prediction of burr formation in face milling based on EOS is developed and tested and validated on two different profiles of an automotive part.     

不同尺度大气系统对污染边界层的影响及其水平流场输送

大气边界层不仅受地面的影响,也受不同尺度大气系统的直接影响。根据在北京市沿南北方向分布的3台激光雷达阵和地面同步的粒子观测数据,选择一次重污染过程进行情景分析,研究不同尺度大气系统对该过程粒子边界层的影响,分析边界层内粒子浓度输送的动态变化。提出北京地区重污染形势的形成原因。对区域性大气污染边界层研究,将有助于对区域及城市污染形成机制的进一步认识。      

用于模拟SOA形成的烟雾腔的构造和表征

为研究二次有机气溶胶的形成机理,设计制造了一种用于模拟二次有机气溶胶的形成过程烟雾腔实验系统,该系统主要包括样品进样系统,模拟反应系统即烟雾腔系统和产物检测系统三个部分,具有实时在线检测、效率高等优点。利用该实验装置模拟开展大气中含量较高的芳香烃化合物光氧化产生二次有机气溶胶的过程,使用TSI3321空气动力学直径测量系统、气溶胶飞行时间质谱等多种检测手段对二次有机气溶胶的形成进行表征。空白实验和羟基启动的光氧化实验结果表明烟雾腔内的气溶胶粒子是在黑光灯辐照下·OH自由基启动反应物光氧化产生的。实验结果表明研制的烟雾腔系统可以很好地实现对二次有机气溶胶形成过程的模拟和表征。     

从农业气候条件看我国北方原始农业的衰落与农牧交错带的形成

我国北方农牧交错带地区曾经是发达的原始农业区,农牧交错带的形成是该地区原始农业文化衰落、牧业文化兴起的产物。本文的分析表明,标志全新世暖期结束的气候变化事件所导致的农业气候资源条件的变化是原始农业文化衰落、农牧交错带形成的原因。     

DNA链断裂作为醛类污染物接触标志物的研究

应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术 ,通过对小鼠脾淋巴细胞染毒试验 ,测定了甲醛、乙醛、丙稀醛单独及联合作用下对细胞DNA分子链断裂损伤。结果表明 ,3种醛均能引起DNA分子发生链断裂 ,对于乙醛和丙稀醛存在明确的剂量 -反应关系 ,3种化合物还还存在着一定的协同作用。上述结果提示醛类污染物潜在致癌性的一个可能机制以及DNA断裂作为醛类化合物接触标志物的可能性。     

二氧化钛催化降解中性红的历程研究

通过监测二氧化钛降解中性红过程中体系pH值的变化,并对体系的UV-VIS光谱进行分析,进而推导出中性红的降解历程,可为降解条件的优化提供依据.     

标准石英粉尘及青石棉直接诱导8-羟基脱氧鸟苷加合物形成的研究

应用液相色谱结合电化学检测技术，研究了标准石英粉尘和青石棉体外诱导DNA分子氧化损伤产生加合物8－羟基脱氧鸟苷的形成与机制。结果表明，石英粉尘和青石棉均可致DNA分子氧化损伤并形成8－羧基脱氧鸟苷，但青石棉作用强于石英粉尘；石英粉尘的青石棉对H2O2氧化DNA的催化能力有较大差异。标准石英粉尘和青石棉，具有直接的遗传毒性；两者诱导DNA分子形成强致突变的8－羧基鸟苷可能是其潜在致癌机制之一。     

大型游乐设施的安全评价

大型游乐设施的安全是一个复杂、多层面的系统。本文调查分析了我国大型游乐设施存在的主要安全问题,辨识了大型游乐设施可能存在的危险因素,得出了大型游乐设施的安全现状;同时建立了大型游乐设施安全评价二级指标体系,并采用德菲尔(Delphi)法得到了指标权重;另外结合北京某主题游乐园过山车的安全状况,采用专家评判法和安全检查表法对其进行了安全评价,结果表明两种评价方法的结果与该过山车的年检结果相近,表明这两种方法均是评价大型游乐设施安全性的有效方法。     

热电厂锅炉灰水闭路循环系统影响因素研究

热电厂灰水外排将显著影响城市的水环境.目前一些热电厂已经开始改造旧灰水系统,实现灰水闭路循环.本文通过对徐州市几个热电厂现有的灰水闭路循环系统影响因素的初步研究,提出改进和完善灰水闭路循环系统的可能措施和途径.     

Zum Verdampfen und anderen Eigenschaften Schwarzer Löcher

After a short discussion of the basic properties of black-hole physics, including the “no-hair” theorems, the hypothesis of the “cosmic censor” and the first and second law of black-hole dynamics, we proceed to the thermodynamics of black holes. The concepts of entropy and temperature of a black hole are explained and the generalized second law of black-hole dynamics is presented. We then discuss particle creation in the gravitational fields of black holes and their lifetime due to evaporation. After a digression on chaotic cosmology the possible formation of black holes in the early universe is treated. Finally we discuss the last violent stages of the evaporation process of black holes and possible observational tests. A few remarks on white holes — though a totally different phenomenon — are included at the end for the sake of clarity.     

Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of radial-ray reduction malformations

Radial-ray reduction malformations (RRRMs) may occur isolated or in association with other anomalies. The data of seven fetuses born with RRRMs were collected. Six fetuses had associated lethal abnormalities of the central nervous system, urogenital system, and/or heart, detected by ultrasound. In five cases, it was possible to establish the precise diagnosis, enabling an informed prognosis and subsequent genetic counselling. The diagnoses were: Edwards syndrome (n=3), VACTERL association (n=1), and Poland-Moebius-like complex (n= 1). In two cases, a complete diagnosis was not possible because of inadequate evaluation of these fetuses before and/or after birth. A proposal is given for the diagnostic approach for infants with RRRMs detected in the antenatal period by means of ultrasonography.