高通量中子发生器排放气体中氚去除研究 Ⅱ.回收率与干燥剂性能间的关系

净化含氚气体大多是采用氧化-吸收法。在一定的温度下,催化剂使氚气快速氧化成氚水,然后用干燥剂吸收。净化效率不仅取决于催化-氧化效率,而且取决于干燥剂吸收氚水的能力。 我们分别对A_(12),A_(10),A_7,A_(13),A_(14),A_9,A_(16),A_(17)等干燥剂的性能进行了研究,比较了部分试剂的干燥能力、吸收容量、机械强度及不同温度下的解吸能力,为除氚工艺及共装置的设计提供了参数。     

高通量中子发生器排放气体中氚去除研究 Ⅱ.回收率与干燥剂性能间的关系

净化含氚气体大多是采用氧化-吸收法。在一定的温度下,催化剂使氚气快速氧化成氚水,然后用干燥剂吸收。净化效率不仅取决于催化-氧化效率,而且取决于干燥剂吸收氚水的能力。 我们分别对A₁₂,A₁₀,A₇,A₁₃,A₁₄,A₉,A₁₆,A₁₇等干燥剂的性能进行了研究,比较了部分试剂的干燥能力、吸收容量、机械强度及不同温度下的解吸能力,为除氚     

二噁英对非洲爪蛙细胞色素P450表达的影响

二噁英(代DD)是一类毒性较强的环境污染物质.试验使用印记法定量检测了非洲爪蛙芳烃基受体(从R)及其核内的转录因子(Amt),细胞色素P450(CYP)中的CYP1A6 mRNA及CYP1A7 mRNA;用免疫反应检测了CYP1A蛋白质的表达.结果表明:TCDD的染毒没有引起AhR和Arnt表达量的增加,但引起CYP1A6 mRNA及CYP1A7 mRNA表达的极显著增加,以及CYP1A蛋白质的强烈表达;TCDD强烈诱发非洲爪蛙CYP1A,且存在质量浓度依存性,使用CYP1A作为环境危险性评价具有一定的可探讨性.      

缺氧／厌氧／好氧工艺的脱氮除磷研究

通过实验研究缺氧环境倒置，来比较对Ａ／Ａ／Ｏ工艺脱氮除功能的影响。结果表明，与常规Ａ／Ａ／Ｏ（厌／缺／好）工艺相比，倒置后的工艺具有更好的脱氮除磷效果，在同等条件下，倒置系统的出水中ＰＯ４＾３－Ｐ明显降低，而比反硝化速率却可３０－５０％，该文还进一步揭示了聚磷微生物在各种环境下的释磷和吸磷规律及其相互关系。     

Production of iturin A homologues under different culture conditions

Iturin A is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic and eight different kinds of iturin A have been reported based on its alkyl side chains. As iturin A is a promising biocontrol agent, total production of iturin A was tried to enhance and comparative production of its homologues was investigated by using different nitrogen and carbon sources. When Polypepton S and defatted soybean meal were used, total production as well as the ratio of the iturin A homologues were similar. However, production of iturin A was relatively lower and also the ratio of the iturin A homologues was different when Polypepton was used, where A2 was decreased and A4 was increased. Production ratio of the iturin A homologues was similar for the carbon sources like maltose, mannitol, sucrose and starch but relative production of iturin A2 was much enhanced compared to A3 when lactose or galactose was used. Interestingly production ratio of A4 was increased and A2 and A3 were decreased when no additional carbon source was used, and similar tendency was observed in the homologue ratio with glucose and fructose. Production of iturin A homologue A6 was significantly increased whereas A2 and A3 were decreased when defatted rapeseed cake was used. Utilization of different amino acids did not show significant differences in their production of the iturin A homologues. Oxygen supply found to be the factor affecting the production of iturin A homologues when it was investigated in a varied culture volume size and shaking speed. A2 found to be increased with increased oxygen supply where the production of A3 was affected inversely.     

食物污泥对红斑顠体虫生长的影响

对不同污泥浓度、颗粒粒径以及蛋白质含量条件下红斑顠体虫的生长情况进行了考察,结果表明,在试验污泥浓度范围内红斑顠体虫的最大容纳密度与污泥浓度成正比,而比增长速率和污泥浓度之间的关系满足Monod方程.污泥中蛋白质含量越高,红斑顠体虫比增长速率越高.污泥絮体颗粒粒径越小,越容易为红斑顠体虫所摄食.     

7A52铝合金干湿交替情况下电偶腐蚀行为研究

目的研究海洋环境下7A52铝合金在干湿周浸使用过程中的电偶腐蚀现象。方法实验配制3.5%的Na Cl水溶液浸泡试样,实验周期为504 h,全浸试样作为对比试样,在实验周期内一直浸泡在Na Cl水溶液中。测试试样干湿周浸情况下7A52与5A06,38Cr Si之间的电偶电流及电偶电压,使用SEM分析腐蚀后的表面形貌。结果 7A52-5A06干湿周浸试样电偶电流变化不大,全浸试样电偶电流较初期变化较大,后期电偶电流的大小只有初期电偶电流大小的1/8左右,7A52-38Cr Si全浸试样与干湿交替情况下电偶电流基本相同。随着试验的进行,干湿交替及全浸情况下电偶电流的差异逐渐变大,电偶电流增大约为实验初期的10倍;全浸情况下试样表面腐蚀产物较致密,干湿周浸情况下腐蚀产物较为疏松。结论在3.5%的Na Cl水溶液干湿周浸情况下,7A52-5A06,7A52-38Cr Si的平均电偶腐蚀速度要大于全浸状态下的平均电偶腐蚀速度,干湿周浸情况下,7A52-5A06,7A52-38Cr Si腐蚀后试样表面形态具有较大差异,5A06在相同实验条件下的耐腐蚀性要好于7A52。     

秸秆沼气干发酵基质中微生物DNA提取方法筛选

比较了4种处理方法对从秸秆沼气干发酵基质中提取微生物总DNA纯度和产量的影响,以及添加PVP和使用试剂盒对DNA粗提液的纯化效果,试图寻找一种适用于从秸秆沼气干发酵基质中提取微生物总DNA的有效方法。结果表明:采用冻融处理和酶处理相结合的方法得到DNA提取液的A260/A230和A260/A280相对较高,与其它3种方法有显著性差异(P≤0.05);提取液中添加PVP对去除DNA粗提液中的腐殖酸有一定效果,但添加量1%⁶%的效果差异不显著;经细菌DNA纯化试剂盒纯化后A260/A230和A260/A280分别达到(1.223±0.156)和(1.737±0.120)。对吸附了磷酸盐的氢氧化钽进行解吸,当pH=12时解吸率为52.45%。研究结果表明,氢氧化钽能够有效地去除水溶液中磷酸盐的吸附剂。     

南方海涂海水灌溉库拉索芦荟的试验研究

在海南海涂沙滩(非耕地资源)对药用植物库拉索芦荟进行海水灌溉试验,设6种处理,淡、海水配比分别为A1(CK):100∶0;A2:90∶10;A3:75∶25;A4:50∶50;A5:25∶75;A6:0∶100。结果表明:①用一定浓度范围的海水灌溉时,库拉索芦荟苗期返青系数、根的综合生长量等植物生态指标为处理A3>A2>A1,超过一定海水浓度后则递减;连续3年的田间试验表明,芦荟叶片鲜重、干重A1、A2、A3三种处理间没有显著差异,而根干重A3显著高于A1,A4比A1处理叶片鲜重、干重减产均在20%以内,表明海水灌溉库拉索芦荟是可行的。②海水灌溉明显推迟芦荟从营养生长向生殖生长的转化时期,随着海水比例的增加,抽苔期明显推迟。③各种处理海水灌溉的沙滩深度在0～10cm范围内,盐分含量随深度迅速下降,10cm以下下降幅度变缓;经3年的海水灌溉试验,海涂沙滩在未作任何人为调控措施下,0～50cm沙滩含盐量仍在0.3%范围内。     

Bee-hawking by the wasp, <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Vespa velutina</Emphasis>, on the honeybees <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Apis cerana</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">A</Emphasis>. <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">mellifera</Emphasis>

The vespine wasps, Vespa velutina, specialise in hawking honeybee foragers returning to their nests. We studied their behaviour in China using native Apis cerana and introduced A. mellifera colonies. When the wasps are hawking, A. cerana recruits threefold more guard bees to stave off predation than A. mellifera. The former also utilises wing shimmering as a visual pattern disruption mechanism, which is not shown by A. mellifera. A. cerana foragers halve the time of normal flight needed to dart into the nest entrance, while A. mellifera actually slows down in sashaying flight manoeuvres. V. velutina preferentially hawks A. mellifera foragers when both A. mellifera and A. cerana occur in the same apiary. The pace of wasp-hawking was highest in mid-summer but the frequency of hawking wasps was three times higher at A. mellifera colonies than at the A. cerana colonies. The wasps were taking A. mellifera foragers at a frequency eightfold greater than A. cerana foragers. The final hawking success rates of the wasps were about three times higher for A. mellifera foragers than for A. cerana. The relative success of native A. cerana over European A. mellifera in thwarting predation by the wasp V. velutina is interpreted as the result of co-evolution between the Asian wasp and honeybee, respectively.     

一种低功耗高性能数据采集数字处理平台的设计

目的构建一套基于中频信号基带数字信号处理的软件无线电平台。方法通过选择芯片设计硬件电路设计出合适的PCB板。结果主要依据软件无线电平台,提出了一种基于A/D+FPGA+D/A的硬件设计方案,该系统包括了前端的A/D数据采集和后端的D/A模拟数据恢复的详细收发电路原理设计。结论构建了一个从前端数据接收到后端模拟发送的高速基带数字信号处理平台。     

往复隔板絮凝池流场数值模拟及混凝效果分析

对往复隔板絮凝池内的流场进行了数值模拟 ,并根据絮凝池的工作特征分析了水流状态对混凝效果的影响。结果表明絮凝池转弯处过水断面面积A_1 与廊道过水断面面积A_2 的比值A =A_1 / A_2 ,这一影响流场紊流动能的设计参数的最佳范围是 1 2～ 1 5。按此设计参数设计的往复隔板絮凝池模型的混凝反应效率是比较理想的。     

催化氧化除锰活性滤料去除地下水中双酚A性能

以催化氧化除锰活性滤料（简称“活性滤料”）为研究对象,考察了地下水中锰污染对于活性滤料去除双酚A效能的影响.结果表明,进水中含有高浓度锰（5mg/L）时,会显著降低活性滤料对于双酚A的去除能力;同时,双酚A也会降低活性滤料对锰的去处能力.双酚A脱附实验结果表明,脱附的双酚A量不足双酚A去除总量的10%,且双酚A去除过程中初期总有机碳（TOC）去除率保持在12%~25%,之后持续保持在0.1%~4%,表明活性滤料去除双酚A存在吸附过程,但是以氧化去除为主.扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析结果表明,双酚A的去除会导致滤料表面微观形态改变以及新物相的生成;傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）结果表明双酚A的去除会消耗滤料表面羟基基团,且表面残留络合物.本文研究分析提出活性滤料去除双酚A的主要步骤包括双酚A首先吸附到活性滤料表面形成络合物、活性滤料与表面络合物发生氧化反应,部分反应物中间体脱附3个过程.     

Effects of used lubricating oil on two mangroves Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina

An outdoor experiment was set up to investigate the effects of used lubricating oil(5 L/m~2)on Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco. and Avicennia marina(Forsk)Vierh.,two salt-excreting mangroves.A.marina was more sensitive to used lubricating oil than A. corniculatum and canopy-oiling resulted in more direct physical damage and stronger lethal effects than base-oiling.When treated with canopy-oiling,half of A.corniculatum plants survived for the whole treatment time(90 d);but,for A.marina,high mortality (83%)resulted from canopy-oiling within 3 weeks and no plants survived for 80 d.Base-oiling had no lethal effects on A.corniculatum plants even at the termination of this experiment,but 83% of A.marina plants died 80 d after treatment.Forty days after canopy- oiling,93% ofA.corniculatum leaves fell and no live leaves remained on A.marina plants.By the end of the experiment,base-oiling treatment resulted in about 45% ofA.corniculatum leaves falling,while all A.marina leaves and buds were burned to die.Lubricating oil resulted in physiological damage to A.corniculatum leaves,including decreases in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents,nitrate reductase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities,and increases in malonaldehyde contents.For both species,oil pollution significantly reduced leaf,root,and total biomass,but did not significantly affect stem biomass.Oil pollution resulted in damage to the xylem vessels of fine roots but not to those of mediate roots.     

通风对堆肥供氧的影响及堆高优化研究

通风是影响好氧堆肥过程中堆体氧气浓度的重要因素.通过设置0.01 m3/(min ·m3)(Al)、0.1 m3/(min·m3)(A2)和0.2 m3/(min·m3)(A3)三种不同通风速率进行好氧堆肥试验,考查堆体中氧气的变化情况,并利用氧气一维扩散方程进行堆体高度的优化.结果表明,鼓风停止时,处理A2、A3的氧...     

厌氧水解酸化-好氧氧化Ａ1/Ａ2/O工艺剩余污泥减量对系统运行效果的影响

在碱减量印染废水Ａ₁/Ａ₂/O生物处理系统中,利用污泥回流可以实现对剩余污泥的有效减量.剩余污泥回流到Ａ₁段,增加了Ａ₁段中污泥的有机负荷,却提高了系统对COD的去除率.在Ａ₁段COD容积负荷2.54 kg/(m³·d)、水力停留时间为9.45 h和7.56 h条件下,Ａ₁段COD的去除率分别由15.9％提升至23.9％,12.3％提升至22.8％.在进水COD浓度1 000 mg/L、Ａ₁段COD容积负荷2.54 kg/(m³·d)、进水色度450倍、系统温度30℃条件下,Ａ₁段出水色度有污泥回流时较无污泥回流下降30％以上,系统出水的色度比无污泥回流时降低30％左右.回流剩余污泥使Ａ₁段出水pH略低于无污泥回流的情况,但对Ａ₂段和O段pH值影响不大.在有剩余污泥回流的系统中,系统各段出水的SS浓度均比无回流系统大.长期污泥回流会造成系统内难生物降解物质的积累,必须适时地进行排泥、气水冲刷等恢复系统污泥活性的措施.     

螯合型表面活性剂强化黑麦草修复Cd污染水体

采用水培试验,研究了新型螯合型表面活性剂N-十二酰基乙二胺三乙酸钠（LED3A）强化黑麦草修复Cd污染水体的效果,探讨了Cd或/和LED3A存在下黑麦草的生理响应以及LED3A对黑麦草除Cd性能的影响.结果表明：Cd显著抑制黑麦草生物量和光合色素含量,添加LED3A后抑制作用略有增强,CL100处理叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量较CL0分别降低了15.50%和8.18%. LED3A对黑麦草的生长无显著影响,对黑麦草细胞的相对电导率（REC）有一定的提高,可使细胞膜渗透性增加以利于黑麦草对Cd的吸收.Cd胁迫下适量添加LED3A,能提高黑麦草植株超氧化歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,起到清除活性氧（ROS）、缓解Cd毒害和抑制丙二醛（MDA）积累的作用.最佳LED3A添加量下（50mg/L）,黑麦草植株的总Cd累积量和转移系数较Cd单独处理时分别提高了74.39%和67.96%,Cd的去除率达到55.98%.研究表明添加LED3A可有效提高植物对Cd的修复效率.     

多级A/O废水处理工艺的理论研究

多级A/O工艺是结合A/O工艺理论、非稳态理论发展而成的新型污水处理技术,相对于传统污水处理技术,多级A/O工艺提高了对氧利用效率,增强了脱氮能力,并且有效避免了污泥膨胀现象的发生,应用前景十分广阔。     

倒置A^2／O工艺的氮磷脱除功能

在前期研究的基础上，以城市污水为进料，对比研究常规Ａ＾２／Ｏ工艺与倒置Ａ＾２／Ｏ工艺的水处理功能。结果表明：倒置Ａ＾２／Ｏ工艺的氮、磷脱除功能均优于常规Ａ＾２／Ｏ工艺，其ＣＯＤＣｒ去除能力与常规工艺相当。对倒置Ａ＾２／Ｏ工艺的原理和工艺特点进行了讨论。     

Interspecific utilisation of wax in comb building by honeybees

Beeswaxes of honeybee species share some homologous neutral lipids; but species-specific differences remain. We analysed behavioural variation for wax choice in honeybees, calculated the Euclidean distances for different beeswaxes and assessed the relationship of Euclidean distances to wax choice. We tested the beeswaxes of Apis mellifera capensis, Apis florea, Apis cerana and Apis dorsata and the plant and mineral waxes Japan, candelilla, bayberry and ozokerite as sheets placed in colonies of A. m. capensis, A. florea and A. cerana. A. m. capensis accepted the four beeswaxes but removed Japan and bayberry wax and ignored candelilla and ozokerite. A. cerana colonies accepted the wax of A. cerana, A. florea and A. dorsata but rejected or ignored that of A. m. capensis, the plant and mineral waxes. A. florea colonies accepted A. cerana, A. dorsata and A. florea wax but rejected that of A. m. capensis. The Euclidean distances for the beeswaxes are consistent with currently prevailing phylogenies for Apis. Despite post-speciation chemical differences in the beeswaxes, they remain largely acceptable interspecifically while the plant and mineral waxes are not chemically close enough to beeswax for their acceptance.