环境空气中沥青烟的监测

用装有７５ｍＬ环己烷的玻板吸收在２０℃左右,用大气采样器以０．５Ｌ／ｍｉｎ流量,采取环境空气６０ｍｉｎ,在紫外分光光度计２２４ｎｍ波长处测定,方法实用,简便。     

一种淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物采样器研究

研制出一种长方体的十字筐采样器,在采样器内分别填装石、砂、底泥和水草4种基质,利用大型底栖无脊椎动物对生境的选择性进行样本被动采集。基质越多,采样器采集的生物种类越多,生物量也更丰富。用新研制的十字筐采样器和传统的篮式采样器对松花江流域7个采样点进行大型底栖无脊椎动物对比采样,结果显示:十字筐采样器是一种优良的采样器,适合在松花江流域乃至全国推广应用。     

环境水体中油的采样工具的设计及其可行性研究

由于油在水中呈不均匀分布的特性,所以有关环境水体中油的采样工具,一直是环保部门关注的焦点。为此提出了“理想（或称假想）水柱”的概念,并依此设计出一种在环境监测工作中使用的便携式测水中油用采样器,适用于工业废水、生活污水及污染的地表水的采取。其特点是,一个底部可开闭的采样器,采样器中的采样瓶（包括瓶底衬盖、瓶底盖）与内拉杆、外套管通过螺纹联接,移动内拉杆、外套管,便可以方便地采取一定面积下的含油水柱。采样瓶装卸简单,运输方便,在实验室中可将其直接用作操作瓶。用这种采样器,计算结果将更接近真实情况。本装置已于９２ 年１２ 月３０日获国家发明专利,专利号：８９１０２４７１．９,证书号：１６３８１。     

TSPM-1型大气总悬浮微粒采样器性能检测统计分析

TSPM1型大气总悬浮微粒采样器是一种与国际通用的大流量TSP采样器可比对,经久耐用,流量控制准确可靠且在采样时无需现场实测流量即可投入运行的新型TSP采样器。 一、与国际通用的大流量TSP采样器具有可比性是中流量TSP采样器作为环境监测中常规TSP采样器的前提条件。     

负压式水质采样器的研制及应用

概述了我国目前水质采样技术规范和水质采样器的现状 ;阐述了负压式水质采样器的结构组成、工作原理及采样方法。该采样器不需电源、携带方便 ,可有效地控制采样深度并实现分层采样。     

几种常见被动采样技术在水环境中研究进展

总结了半透膜被动采样器(SPMDs)、极性有机化合物整合采样器(POCIS)、化学捕收器(Chemcatcher)和硅橡胶被动采样器(Silicon rubber)几种常用被动采样器的结构组成、应用模型、原理、样品的前处理、影响因素及应用范围,指出几种被动采样技术应用上存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行总结和展望。     

限流孔烟气采样器的研制及应用

介绍了限流孔烟气采样器的设计原理、主要技术指标、设计指标说明及采样器主要性能。通过测定ＳＯ２标准气体和比对试验，表明限流孔烟气采样器控制流量稳定，计量采气体积准确，应用结果满意。     

废水自动采样器存在偏差原因分析及解决方法

简述了废水自动采样器应用现状。根据废水自动采样器性能指标要求,分析了自动采样器在验收和使用过程中应当重视的几个因素。并通过系列的比对、调查,对机器采样和手工采样可能引起监测结果有所偏差的几个方面进行了探讨,提出了解决这些偏差的一些方法和建议。     

污水自动采样器代替人工采样的可行性分析

选择某炼油厂污水总排口水跃区断面 ,安装采样器探头 ,进行采样器与人工同步采样 ,实验室分析得 2 3组监测数据。 1误差分析 :设人工采样为真值 ,采样器采样视为测定值 ,则 :相对误差 =测定值 -真值真值 × 1 0 0 %　　结果表明 ,石油含量在 1 0 mg/L以下的 1 2组数据误差范围在 - 5.3%～ 2 3.9% ,采样器采样低1 5.4 % ;含油量比较高的 1 1组数据误差范围在 0～ 2 5.0 % ,采样器采样低 1 3.5%。经相关分析和 t检验 ,两组测定值无显著性差异 ,采样器代替人工采样完全可行。污水自动采样器代替人工采样的可行性分析@荆万钧$抚顺市环境监测站!…     

多通道PM_(2.5)采样器的设计及与进口采样器比对测试

设计了多通道大气颗粒物采样器,可同时采集4个通道的PM_(2.5)样品,灵活配置采样通道的开启,每个通道单独设置质量流量计,采用闭环反馈技术,通过比例阀、流量传感器及流量控制板共同控制和校正采样流量,保证通道流量的稳定性。与单通道采样器(BGI PQ 200)进行了为期30 d的比对测试,结果表明,多通道采样器斜率、截距和相关系数均符合《环境空气颗粒物(PM10和PM_(2.5))采样器技术要求及检测方法》(HJ 93—2013)的要求,可满足实际应用需求。     

水和废水中含油水样的成套采集技术研究──一种新型适用的含油水样采样器

在查阅大量文献的基础上，分析总结了现有采样器的优缺点，并依据采集有代表性含油水样的理论要求，设计制作了一种独具特色而又科学适用的新型合油水样采样器。本采样器可用于采集含油水样和其它水样。     

大气细粒子中水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的在线监测

基于一种新型的大气颗粒物在线水萃取采样装置(PILS),通过该装置与快速有机碳分析仪的连接,建立了大气细粒子水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的在线监测系统(PILS-WSOC)。实际运行结果表明,该系统能够快速稳定地获得大气细粒子中WSOC的实时变化数据。与滤膜法的平行实验结果相比,PILS装置对大气颗粒物中WSOC的采样效率远高于滤膜法。     

A new sampler for stratified lagoon chemical and microbiological assessments

A sampler was needed for a spatial and temporal study of microbial and chemical stratification in a large swine manure lagoon that was known to contain zoonotic bacteria. Conventional samplers were limited to collections of surface water samples near the bank or required a manned boat. A new sampler was developed to allow simultaneous collection of multiple samples at different depths, up to 2.3 m, without a manned boat. The sampler was tethered for stability, used remote control (RC) for sample collection, and accommodated rapid replacement of sterile tubing modules and sample containers. The sampler comprised a PVC pontoon with acrylic deck and watertight enclosures, for a 12 VDC gearmotor, to operate the collection module, and vacuum system, to draw samples into reusable autoclavable tubing and 250-mL bottles. Although designed primarily for water samples, the sampler was easily modified to collect sludge. The sampler held a stable position during deployment, created minimal disturbance in the water column, and was readily cleaned and sanitized for transport. The sampler was field tested initially in a shallow fresh water lake and subsequently in a swine manure treatment lagoon. Analyses of water samples from the lagoon tests showed that chemical and bacterial levels, pH, and EC did not differ between 0.04, 0.47, and 1.0 m depths, but some chemical and bacterial levels differed between winter and spring collections. These results demonstrated the utility of the sampler and suggested that future manure lagoon studies employ fewer or different depths and more sampling dates.     

Dry deposition study by using dry deposition plate and water surface sampler in Shalu, central Taiwan

This study presents the chemical composition of dry deposition by using dry deposition plate and water surfaces sampler during daytime and nighttime sampling periods at a near highway traffic sampling site. In addition, the characterization for mass and water soluble species of total suspended particulate (TSP), PM2.5 and PM10 were also studied at this sampling site during August 22 to October 31 of 2006 around central Taiwan. The samples collected were analyzed by using Ion Chromatography (DIONEX 100) for the ionic species analysis. Results of the particulate dry deposition fluxes are higher in the water surfaces sampler than that of the dry deposition plate. In other words, the results also indicated that water surface can absorb more ambient dry deposition inorganic pollutants than that of dry deposition plate in this study. The results obtained in this study indicated that the ionic species of Cl(-), NO3(-) and SO4(2-) occupied about average 60-70% downward flux out of total ionic species for either dry deposition plate or water surfaces sampler during August to October of 2006 at this near highway traffic sampling site.     

直颈双口卧式便携水样采集器

设计了一种具有结构简便、操作方便、易于清洗和采样杆可续接的直颈双口卧式便携水样采集器。该采样器不仅适合采集水层很浅水体的水样。也能用于采集江河、湖库水体的水样。     

Bioaerosol sampling by a personal rotating cup sampler CIP 10-M

High concentrations of bioaerosols containing bacterial, fungal and biotoxinic matter are encountered in many workplaces, e.g. solid waste treatment plants, waste water treatment plants and sewage networks. A personal bioaerosol sampler, the CIP 10-M (M-microbiologic), has been developed to measure worker exposure to airborne biological agents. This sampler is battery operated; it is light and easy to wear and offers full work shift autonomy. It can sample much higher concentrations than biological impactors and limits the mechanical stress on the microorganisms. Biological particles are collected in 2 ml of liquid medium inside a rotating cup fitted with radial vanes to maintain an air flow rate of 10 l min(-1) at a rotational speed of approximately 7,000 rpm. The rotating cup is made of sterilisable material. The sampled particles follow a helicoidal trajectory as they are pushed to the surface of the liquid by centrifugal force, which creates a thin vertical liquid layer. Sterile water or another collecting liquid can be used. Three particle size selectors allow health-related aerosol fractions to be sampled according to international conventions. The sampled microbiological particles can be easily recovered for counting, incubation or further biochemical analysis, e.g., for airborne endotoxins. Its physical sampling efficiency was laboratory tested and field trials were carried out in industrial waste management conditions. The results indicate satisfactory collection efficiency, whilst experimental application has demonstrated the usefulness of the CIP 10-M personal sampler for individual bioaerosol exposure monitoring.     

Performance optimization of a membrane assisted passive sampler for monitoring of ionizable organic compounds in water

A thin-walled silicone rubber hollow fibre membrane has been developed as a passive sampler. The inside of the tube is filled with an aqueous solution at an appropriate pH. The tube is sealed at both ends and then immersed in a water sample. In order for the ionizable permeating compounds to be trapped in the aqueous receiving phase, the pH is adjusted such that the compounds are ionized and trapped. The major advantages are its simplicity, low cost and high selectivity, since only ionizable organic compounds are trapped. Additionally, the sampler uses no organic solvent. By adjusting the pH of the acceptor phase, it is possible to control the extraction process and whether the sampler is used in the kinetic or equilibrium regime. Since it is very selective, no further clean-up of the extract is required. The membrane assisted passive sampler has been tested for extraction of chlorophenols under laboratory conditions. The extraction process was found to be linear over a 72 h sampling period. Selectivity of the passive sampler in river water was demonstrated and the extraction process was independent of sample concentration, even at lower concentration levels of analytes. However, the sample matrix in some river water samples led to incomplete trapping, thereby reducing the amount trapped in the acceptor phase. Detection limits (three times signal to noise ratio) were dependant on sample matrix and type of detection system and ranged from 0.05 microg L(-1) to about 1 microg L(-1) with a UV photodiode detector in water samples from one river and 1.0 microg L(-1) to 20 microg L(-1) in another but with an ordinary UV detector. The enrichment factors in river water were 28 for 2-chlorophenol and 44 for 2,4-dichlorophenol over a 72 h sampling period. 4-chlorophenol was poorly extracted and its enrichment factor was 3.     

The influence of geometry and draught shields on the performance of passive samplers

Passive samplers provide an excellent opportunity to perform indicative measurements or establish a dense network of measuring sites. A drawback compared with conventional active measuring methods is the larger spread of results. This variation can, to a large extent, be attributed to the influence of temperature, sampler geometry and wind on sampling results. A proper design of sampler geometry and optimum choice of draught shield can reduce the influence of wind velocity on a badge type sampler to less than 10%. Wire mesh screens prove to be inadequate in damping turbulence. Filters give good results. Attention should be paid to the size and isolation value of the walls of the sampler to prevent thermal updrafts occurring within the sampler. Tube type samplers are less influenced by wind, provided that turbulence is prevented from influencing diffusion within the sampler.