TiO2光催化降解有机污染物的协同效应研究

微量的强氧化剂H2O2、O3引入纳米TiO2光催化体系能够极大地提高有机污染物氧化降解效率。本文通过对这一效应促进有机物降解的相关文献综述，探讨论述了协同效应产生的机理以及影响因素，并就其将来研究与实际污染物处理应用提出了新思路。     

物理场协同作用降解有机污染物研究进展

有机污染物是环境污染物的主要类型,通过物理场外加能量的作用可实现各种有机污染物的高效降解.对微波、超声波、紫外光、电场、磁场、等离子体这几类主要物理场相互协同降解有机污染物的研究现状进行综述,重点介绍了物理场协同作用降解有机污染物的机制、效果、影响因素及污染物类型,并展望了该类研究今后的应用前景和发展趋势.     

超声波与其他技术联用在水污染控制中的研究现状

主要介绍了国内外利用超声波与其他技术的联用方法降解水中污染物的进展，显示出超声波在降解有机污染物领域潜在的应用前景。     

超声波与其他技术联用在水污染控制中的研究现状

主要介绍了国内外利用超声波与其他技术的联用方法降解水中污染物的进展 ,显示出超声波在降解有机污染物领域潜在的应用前景。     

Cu2O光催化降解水中对硝基苯酚的研究

用CuCl水解法制备Cu2O粉末，用透射电镜(TEM)和X衍射(XRD)对Cu2O粒子进行了表征。在仿太阳光源的照射下，研究了Cu2O对水中难降解有机污染物对硝基苯酚的光催化降解效果。结果表明，在8h内，对硝基苯酚几乎完全降解。在催化剂用量为0．2g时，对浓度为22．4mg／L的200mL对硝基苯酚溶液有良好的降解效果。降解反应符合一级反应动力学。     

超声波及其联用技术降解废水中的氯苯

研究了在降解含氯苯废水的过程中，超声波分别与H2O2、O2、空气联用对氯苯降解效率的影响。结果表明，超声波分别与H2O2、O2、空气联用比单独使用超声波降解效率分别提高40、30、18个百分点。并且随H2O2用量的增加，降解效率明显升高。对于O2、空气，当气体流量小于0．3754mL／s时，降解效率随O2、空气流量的增大而明显升高。     

超声波-零价铁协同降解废水中活性深蓝M-2GE的研究

研究了超声波-零价铁对废水中活性深蓝M-2GE的协同降解,探讨了铁粉添加量、超声波功率、介质pH和染料的浓度等对活性深蓝M-2GE降解效率的影响。结果表明,零价铁的存在可显著提高废水中活性深蓝M-2GE的超声降解效率,其降解率随着铁粉添加量的增多而升高。介质pH对活性深蓝M-2GE的降解有显著影响,pH=3时降解率最高。另外增大超声功率有利于有机污染物的降解,有机染料的浓度越低,降解率越高。     

TiO2光催化降解有机污染物的协同效应研究

微量的强氧化剂H2O2、O3引入纳米TiO2光催化体系能够极大地提高有机污染物氧化降解效率.本文通过对这一效应促进有机物降解的相关文献综述,探讨论述了协同效应产生的机理以及影响因素,并就其将来研究与实际污染物处理应用提出了新思路.     

超声波-光催化氧化降解邻氯苯酚的研究

对超声波一光催化氧化降解邻氯苯酚(2-cp)进行了研究．探讨了溶液初始pH、TiO2投加量、H2O2投加量和溶液初始浓度对2-cp降解率的影响。并对几种不同处理方法降解2-cp的结果进行了对比。结果表明,超声波和紫外光的协同效果明显,在相同的反应时间内,超声波能够明显提高光催化降解2-cp的降解率。超声波和紫外光连用,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

O3／H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2加入量的简易控制方法

对与臭氧有着不同反应活性的3类有机污染物，探讨并建立了O3／H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2较优投加量的简易控制方法。结果表明，水中存在溶解臭氧是H2O2与臭氧降解效率具有协同作用的必要条件，另外，H2O2的较优加入量直接依赖于目标有机污染物与臭氧的反应活性。对于不同的有机物及在常规的臭氧化水处理时间内，H2O2加入量控制在单独臭氧化处理时水中溶解臭氧的20-30倍（质量比）之间为宜。这种简易控制H2O2加入量的方法对推广O3／H2O2技术在实际废水处理中的应用具有重要的意义。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.