汽车材料中多溴二苯醚同分异构体定量检测研究

汽车行业零部件材料检测中,关于多溴联苯和多溴二苯醚检测标准引用最广的是欧盟IEC 62321-6:2015《电工产品中相关物质的测定-第6部分气相色谱/质谱联用测定多溴联苯和多溴二苯醚》和国标GB/T 30512-2014中的QC/T 944-2013《汽车材料中多溴联苯(PBBs)和多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)的检测方法》,而且国家强制标准GB 30512 也即将发布实施,因此,完善检测标准中关于定量分析的准确性非常值得探讨与研究,本次研究针对标准中未提到的同分异构体作为研究对象,从十种多溴二苯醚中选取其中典型的几种物质,对其多种同分异构体进行定量检测,研究得出同分异构体之间是否存在检测结果的差异,从而为更准确的检测多溴联苯与多溴二苯醚含量提供参考价值。     

关于召开“中国电子电气技术发展与应对欧盟指令研讨会”的通知

2003年2月13日欧盟议会及理事会通过了《关于在电子电气设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令》和《关于电子电气设备废弃物指令》。限制电子电气产品中铅、汞、镉、六价铬、多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚等有害物质的使用。欧盟这两个指令是中国电子电气产品出口上的一道技术和贸易壁垒。但这是工业技术发展的必然趋势,对环保有着积极的意义,并且能够推动中国电子电气行业新技术的运用和推广。科技部高技术研究发展中心定于2003年12月6日～8日在上海召开研讨会,邀请中国、欧盟相关政府部门官员和电子电气行业研发单位和生产企业,介绍欧盟指令有关内容及…     

电子电气产品中六类有害物质含量的检测方法

对同质材料进行RoHS指令限制使用的六种有害物质(铅、镉、汞、六价铬、多溴联苯、多溴二苯醚)含量的检测方法进行介绍并分析比较各种方法间的差异.     

国际

<正>人类污染侵蚀海洋最深处英国《自然·生态与演化》杂志2月12日在线发表的一篇论文称,根据英国一科研小组公布的调查结果显示,从太平洋马里亚纳海沟和克马德克海沟采集的甲壳类动物脂肪组织内,取样检测出了很高浓度的持久性有机污染物,包括多氯联苯以及多溴联苯醚,其中一些早已被许多国家禁用。这表明,人类活动产生的污染已能到达地球的"最偏远角落"。     

高盐有机废水生物处理研究进展

近年来,随着工业的发展,大量排放的高盐高有机物废水对环境产生非常不利的影响.由于高盐对生物的抑制作用,主要采用物化方法处理,但由于其费用和能耗高,寻求其他方法处理高盐有机废水成为亟待解决的问题.近几十年,许多研究致力于生物法处理高盐有机废水.本文从盐度对生物系统的影响、高盐系统生物相特征、系统处理性能几方面对生物处理高盐有机废水研究现状进行了概述,并指出所面临的问题.     

复合固定化法固定化微生物技术在污水生物处理中的研究应用

复合固定化法固定化微生物技术由于具有许多传统固定化微生物技术所没有的特点和优势,得到了越来越多的研究和应用.本文就复合固定化法固定化微生物技术的内涵进行了综述,对复合固定化法在污水生物处理中的实际应用做了研究比较,对新型复合载体的开发和复合固定化微生物技术今后的发展提出了建议.     

含油污泥生物稳定的研究进展

生物法处理含油污泥,已经成为国内外石油化行业的研究热点。本文综述了含油污泥的来源、生物稳定化原理,介绍了生物稳定的主要研究技术和应用进展,指出利用生物方法对含油污泥实现无害化和资源化,具有处理效果好、运行费用低、可资源化利用、不产生二次污染等优点,是国内外含油污泥处理处置的发展趋势。     

高浓度石油化工废水处理现状分析

石油化工废水水量大,成分复杂,废水中含有大量难降解有机物和有毒有害物质,国内外学者对常用的厌氧生物处理法、好氧生物处理法以及好氧-厌氧组合处理法进行了研究并取得了很多成果,通过比较发现其中效果好、成本低的是生物处理方法。     

60000m~3/d栾城区污水处理厂原有设施技术改造工程——河北天友环保工程有限公司、南京大学

<正>公司简介公司成立于1999年5月,是专业从事环境治理工程及设备开发研究的科技型公司,拥有"环境工程设计乙级资质证书"和总承包资质。公司成立以来一直与南京大学保持紧密合作,公司拥有多项专有技术和实用技术,在核心环保设备、工艺技术方面处于国内领先水平,如:"高效厌氧+组合好氧+生物滤池""移动生物床反应器""电解氧化絮凝沉淀""4M组合处理系统"等先进处理技术应用在多个行业的废水处理工程中,处理效果良好,得到了广大用户的好评。     

老山森林生物多样性及其保护对策

在对南京老山森林生物进行广泛调查的基础上,计算了生物的多样性和均匀度,研究了其生物多样性现状,提出了多项对策以实现生物多样性的有效保护和持续发展,如对生物栖息地的保护,包括正确处理旅游开发与栖息地保护之间的关系、禁伐天然次生林和加强对缓冲区的保护、种群的优先保护模式、廊道的建立、全面整体的保护利用、深入开展科研、扩大宣传教育,以及建立健全管理制度和法规条例,完善政策保障体系等.     

Environmental impacts and use of brominated flame retardants in electrical and electronic equipment

Management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) or e-waste is becoming a major issue as around 20–50 million tons of such waste is generated worldwide and increasing at a higher rate than other solid waste streams. Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) contains over 1,000 materials of which brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been the target of the regulators forcing manufacturers to adopt halogen-free flame retardants. As far as these alternatives are concerned, key consideration should be its performance during the whole life cycle through design, use and end-of-life management. The global halogen-free flame retardant movement has reached a point of no return. The most important issue as far as the environment is concerned, for which the transformation to halogen-free retardants was initially targeted, is to make sure that life span of the EEE using the alternatives to BFRs is not shortened thereby resulting in unforeseen increases in e-waste to deal with. The aim of this article is to investigate the environmental issues and current developments related to the use of BFRs in EEE manufacture. It describes the sources, toxicity and human exposure of BFRs, EOL management such as recycling and thermal treatments, exposure of BFRs from e-waste processing facilities and the environment around them and examines the developments and feasibility of the alternatives to BFR in EEE manufacture.     

Sound management of brominated flame retarded (BFR) plastics from electronic wastes: State of the art and options in Nigeria

Management of flame retarded plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has been posing a major challenge to waste management experts because of the potential environmental contamination issues especially the formation of polybrominated-dioxins and -furans (PBDD/F) during processing. In Nigeria, large quantities of electronic waste (e-waste) are currently being managed—a significant quantity of which is imported illegally as secondhand electronics. As much as 75% of these illegal imports are never reused but are rather discarded. These waste electronic devices are mostly older equipment that contains brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as penta-brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) which are presently banned in Europe under the EU WEEE and RoHS Directives. Risk assessment studies found both to be persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic. The present management practices for waste plastics from WEEE in Nigeria, such as open burning and disposal at open dumps, creates potential for serious environmental pollution. This paper reviews the options in the environmentally sound management of waste plastics from electronic wastes. Options available include mechanical recycling, reprocessing into chemicals (chemical feedstock recycling) and energy recovery. The Creasolv^® and Centrevap^® processes, which are the outcome of the extensive research at achieving sound management of waste plastics from WEEE in Europe, are also reviewed. These are solvent-based methods of removing BFRs and they presently offer the best commercial and environmental option in the sound management of waste BFR-containing plastics. Because these developments have not been commercialized, WEEE and WEEE plastics are still being exported to developing countries. The industrial application of these processes and the development of eco-friendlier alternative flame retardants will help assure sound management of WEEE plastics.     

基于MIKE 21的汾河水库挟沙水流水质数值模拟研究

为了揭示悬浮泥沙(SSC)对水库水质的影响规律,对汾河水库进行样品收集和长期水质监测,采用水动力模型与泥沙转移和富营养化模型相结合的方法,将这三者关联耦合,并通过实测数据对模型进行参数率定和验证,分析含沙水和不含沙水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chla)、溶解氧(DO)四项指标,得出两者对水质造成的影响。结果表明:SSC对TN、TP的去除作用明显,对Chla、DO浓度分布影响较小,并计算了污染物的释放量以及贡献率,得出TP的负荷仅为16.47t,而贡献率高达25.25%。因此在汾河的污染控制方面应侧重削减磷,进而改善汾河地区的污染现状。     

基于MIKE 21的汾河水库挟沙水流水质数值模拟研究

为了揭示悬浮泥沙(SSC)对水库水质的影响规律,对汾河水库进行样品收集和长期水质监测,采用水动力模型与泥沙转移和富营养化模型相结合的方法,将这三者关联耦合,并通过实测数据对模型进行参数率定和验证,分析含沙水和不含沙水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chla)、溶解氧(DO)四项指标,得出两者对水质造成的影响。结果表明:SSC对TN、TP的去除作用明显,对Chla、DO浓度分布影响较小,并计算了污染物的释放量以及贡献率,得出TP的负荷仅为16.47t,而贡献率高达25.25%。因此在汾河的污染控制方面应侧重削减磷,进而改善汾河地区的污染现状。     

WATER LOSS EQUATIONS AND COEFFICIENTS TO ESTIMATE RUNOFF FROM RAINFALL1

Infiltration models are based on physical characteristics of the soil and initial soil moisture. For a given soil it is based on the initial soil moisture distribution. A computer simulation model for flood runoff systems (FH-Model) was used to analyze 39 sets of rainfall-runoff data on four small watersheds ranging in size from 17 to 342 square kilometers located in the Yamaska River basin in Quebec. From these analyses, parameters and coefficients have been determined for a water loss (infiltration) equation. A method for determining the loss parameters, using a nonlinear least square curve fitting technique, is presented. Expressions were made to relate the loss parameters to antecedent precipitation. The equations were tested on 11 storm rainfall and runoff events on a watershed located in the same region and close agreements were found.     

THE SENSITWITY OF NORTHERN SIERRA NEVADA STREAMFLOW TO CLIMATE CHANGE1

ABSTRACT: The sensitivity of streamflow to climate change was investigated in the American, Carson, and Truckee River Basins, California and Nevada. Nine gaging stations were used to represent streamflow in the basins. Annual models were developed by regressing 1961–1991 streamflow data on temperature and precipitation. Climate-change scenarios were used as inputs to the models to determine streamflow sensitivities. Climate-change scenarios were generated from historical time series by modifying mean temperatures by a range of +4°C to—4°C and total precipitation by a range of +25 percent to -25 percent. Results show that streamflow on the warmer, lower west side of the Sierra Nevada generally is more sensitive to temperature and precipitation changes than is streamflow on the colder, higher east side. A 2°C rise in temperature and a 25-percent decrease in precipitation results in stream-flow decreases of 56 percent on the American River and 25 percent on the Carson River. A 2°C decline in temperature and a 25-percent increase in precipitation results in streamflow increases of 102 percent on the American River and 22 percent on the Carson River.     

WATER AND WASTE WATER IN IMPERIAL ROME1

ABSTRACT: Rome is noted for its water and waste water systems which were constructed during ancient times. This paper is a discussion of the impact these systems had on living conditions in the imperial city. Rome's water system provided a constant supply to centrally located areas in contrast to modern systems which deliver water on demand to individual connections. For both water and waste water systems, access points were generally outside the household. Because of this lack of individual connections, Romans were forced to spend much of their time outside their tenements in the baths, latrines, arenas, streets, and shops of the imperial city.     

Coastal Management of Failaka Island, Kuwait

Failaka Island is one of the most important islands belonging to the State of Kuwait. With the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990, most of the activies on Failaka Island were destroyed. After the liberation of Kuwait, the Kuwaiti government decided to reconstruct the island for touristic and recreational purposes. Thus, a coastal development plan was needed. The presented study is an attempt to address the coastal zone management of the island. Based on the overall geomorphological features of the island, the coast was classified into four coastal zones. The wave and tidal conditions were identified around the island. The major items controlling the coastal development were specified. Accordingly, a detailed coastal zone management map for future development was developed. The overall goal was to provide decision-makers with guidelines for the future development of the island.     

Monitoring and Post-auditing in Environmental Impact Assessment: A Review

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a procedure for predicting environmental impacts of projects prior to their development, while post-auditing seeks to assess the accuracy of such predictions. A literature review examines the need for post-auditing, highlighting several benefits to EIA performance that could arise if the results were effectively used. This reveals that, in practice, post-auditing activities are not widespread, and suggests reasons why this is so. An overview of post-audit findings from a survey of published studies is then presented, and it is concluded that there is much scope for raising the profile of post-auditing in EIA world-wide. Preliminary results from a recent UK post-auditing study based on eight projects are described. Information on impact predictions was gathered and compared with actual impacts. A total of 366 impact predictions were made of which 78% were qualitative in nature; 57% of the predictions were auditable and of these nearly three-quarters were accurate. Reasons for inauditability were ascertained including, for all cases, a lack of data or unsuitable information.