共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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今天是第14个国际保护臭氧层日。1995年,联合国大会通过决议,确定从当年开始,每年的9月16日为“国际保护臭氧层日”,旨在纪念1987年9月16日签署的《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》,号召所有缔约国根据“议定书”确定的目标,采取具体行动,逐步淘汰消耗臭氧层物质,保护臭氧层、保护人类赖以生存的地球生态环境。 相似文献
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我们生活的地球上空,有一层脆弱的遮盖物保护着地球生存环境不受太阳紫外线的袭击,这就是臭氧层。然而,本世纪以来,臭氧层在人类活动的影响下逐渐耗损,甚至在南极和北极出现了臭氧空洞。面对日益严重的臭氧层耗损,国际社会于1985年制定了《维也纳保护臭氧层公约》,1987年通过了《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》。1990年、1992年、1995和1997年又对《议定书》作了4次重大修正,形成了较为完善而严格的国际臭氧层保护法律体制。很多国家也相继建立起本国的臭氧层保护法律体系。中国分别于1989年和1991… 相似文献
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正今年9月16日,是第20个国际臭氧层保护日。在国内对这个重要环境日的反应几乎是悄无声息的气氛中,本刊记者采访了我国臭氧层保护研究专家,北京大学环境科学与工程学院教授胡建信。胡建信是国内最早一批参与臭氧层保护研究的专家。自1990年代初以来,他先后参与了由国务院发布的《中国逐步淘汰消耗臭氧层物质国家方案》 相似文献
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简述了近年我国机动车尾气的排放标准和排放控制的发展历程,介绍了我国机动车尾气排放检测技术,以及我国对机动车排放因子和排放清单预测的研究状况与发展,展望了我国机动车尾气排放研究趋势。 相似文献
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Rajiv K. Sinha 《The Environmentalist》1993,13(2):111-115
Summary Automobiles are a necessary evil, while they have made living easy and convenient, they have also made human life more complicated and vulnerable to both toxic emissions and an increased risk of accidents. Urban people are most affected and amongst the worst sufferers are traffic policemen who are particularly close to the fumes of automobile exhaust. Studies made in Jaipur, India, indicate that there is high rate of occurrence of respiratory, digestive, ocular and skin problems amongst the traffic policemen and a significant number of them become victims of lung disorders in the very first few months of their posting to a traffic department. Traffic policement everywhere should wear pollution masks for their own safety and to arouse public awareness of the risk of automobile pollution.Dr Rajiv K. Sinha is Assistant Professor in Human Ecology at the Indira Gandhi Centre of Human Ecology, Environmental and Population Studies at the University of Rajasthan. He was formerly a teaching assistant at University of Windsor, 相似文献
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Sujit Das T. Randall Curlee Colleen G. Rizy Susan M. Schexnayder 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1995,14(3-4)
Changes in the trends in the material composition of domestic and imported automobiles and the increasing cost of landfilling the non-recyclable portion of automobiles (automobile shredder residue or ASR) pose questions about the future of automobile recycling in the United States. In response to these challenges, new and innovative approaches to automobile recycling are being developed. This paper presents the findings of a recent study to examine the impacts of these changes on the life cycle energy consumption of automobiles and on the quantity of waste that must be disposed of. Given the recycle status quo, trends in material composition and the viability of recycling the non-metallic components of the typical automobile are of secondary importance when compared to the energy consumed during the life of the automobile. The energy savings resulting from small changes in the fuel efficiency of a vehicle overshadow potential energy losses associated with the adoption of new and possibly non-recyclable materials. Under status quo conditions, the life cycle energy consumed by the typical automobile is projected to decrease from 599 million Btus in 1992 to 565 million Btus in 2000. Energy consumed during the manufacture of the typical car will increase from about 120 to 140 million Btus between 1992 and 2000, while energy used during vehicle operation will decrease from 520 to 480 million Btus. This study projects that energy saved at the recycle step will increase from 41 million Btus in 1992 to 55 million Btus in 2000. This study also investigated the energy impacts of several potential changes to the recycle status quo, including the adoption of technologies to retrieve the heat value of ASR by incineration and the recycle of some or all thermoplastics in the typical automobile. The study estimates that under optimistic conditions —i.e., the recycling of all thermoplastics and the incineration with heat recovery of all remaining ASR —about 8 million Btus could be saved per automobile —i.e., an increase from about 55 to 63 million Btus. In the more realistic scenario —i.e., the recycling of easy-to-remove thermoplastic components (bumper covers and dash-boards) —the potential energy savings are about 1 million Btus per vehicle. It is estimated that the annual quantity of ASR in the United States could be reduced from about 5 billion pounds to as little as 1 billion pounds of ash if all ASR is incinerated. Alternatively, ASR quantity could be reduced to about 4 billion pounds if all thermoplastics in automobiles are recycled. However, in the case of recycling only thermoplastic bumper covers and dashboards, the quantity of ASR would be reduced by only 0.2 billion pounds. A significant reduction or increase in the size of the ASR waste stream will not in itself have a large impact on the solid waste stream in the United States. 相似文献