应用气箱脉冲袋除尘器净化铝电解含氟烟气的实践与研究

介绍了改进型气箱脉冲袋除尘器在铝电解烟气净化工程上的成功应用，实践结果表明，在保证净化效果的前提下，采用改进型气箱脉冲袋除尘器作为净化设备，可使其一次投资、能耗、年维修费与其他型式布袋除尘器相比均有所降低，为铝电解烟气净化工程扩大了除尘器的选择范围。     

电袋复合除尘器协同脱除Hg及SO_3

为了解电袋复合除尘器协同脱除燃煤烟气中的气态Hg、颗粒Hg和SO3的效果,在4个电厂选择4台采用电袋复合除尘器进行烟气除尘的燃煤机组,在电袋复合除尘器的进口和出口分别对烟气中的气态Hg、颗粒Hg和SO3浓度进行了实测,计算出电袋复合除尘器的协同脱除效率。结果表明:不同火电厂烟气中Hg的形态分布不同;在本实验工况条件下,电袋复合除尘器对总Hg的协同脱除效率为47.55%~93.88%,对气态Hg的协同脱除效率达18.80%~83.46%;电袋复合除尘器对SO3的协同脱除效率为74.31%~85.91%;由于SO3与气态Hg产生竞争吸附现象,导致电袋复合除尘器对气态Hg的协同脱除效率随入口处烟气中SO3浓度的提高而下降。     

用氧化铝干法净化铝电解予焙槽烟气

目前,国内开始重视对铝电解烟气的治理。其原因是每产一吨铝将有16公斤的氟散发到大气中,形成氟害。对铝电解的予焙槽型烟气采用干法净化在国外有成功先例,但要求使用砂状氧化铝作净化的吸附剂。我国从日本引进的一套予焙槽烟气净化回收系统     

含氟烟气的净化与回收

含氟烟气是主要的大气污染物之一,本文就铝电解、磷肥工业产生的含氟烟气的一般治理方法进行了综述,各企业应因地制宜,选用技术先进、经济合理、操作简单、可有效控制污染的含氟烟气净化工艺.     

低压脉冲除尘器在炮泥生产中的应用

论述了低压冲袋除尘器的工作原理和主要特点,阐明了在炮泥生产应用中,控制泡泥生产粉尘应用采取的技术措施,说明了低压脉冲袋式除尘器的应用效果。     

含氟烟气的净化与回收

含氟烟气是主要的污染物之一，本文不铝电解、磷肥工业产生的含氟烟气的一般溶理方法这，各企业应因地制宜，选用技术先进、经济合理、操作简单、可有效控制污染的含氟烟气净化工艺。     

沥青砼拌和设备的粉尘治理

洛阳石化总厂工程公司现有一套 LB-30型沥青砼生产设备 ,其生产工艺流程见图 1。石料在进入烘干筒后 ,在煤粉机燃烧煤粉加热的过程中 ,产生的烟气和石料中的细小石粉 ,借助引风机在烘干筒中形成负压 ,先在双筒式除尘器中进行半净化 ,再进入筒式水沫除尘器细净化 ,净化后的干净气体最后排出烟囱。由于在双筒旋风式除尘器中 ,粉尘是自由下落 ,随风飘扬 ,故对周围环境造成一定污染 ,为此对该生产设备排放的粉尘进行了治理。1　治理方案根据生产工艺实际情况 ,考虑了两个治理方案 :水雾式除尘装置和回收利用除尘装置。第一方案 ,投资不足 50 0…     

基于ASMM模型对不同袋长袋式除尘器气固两相流的模拟

为了提高袋式除尘器内部流场的均匀性,延长滤袋的使用寿命以及降低能耗,以某环保公司下进风袋式除尘器为几何模型,采用简化的欧拉模型-代数滑移混合模型(algebraic slip mixture model,ASMM)模拟了3种袋长分别为6、8和10 m的袋式除尘器处理粒径为1、2.5、5、10和20μm颗粒时其内的气固两相流动。对比分析了不同袋长除尘器内速度云图、颗粒相体积份额以及压力损失等,结果表明:随着滤袋长度的增加,除尘器内部流场的均匀性提高;袋式除尘器对5种不同粒径颗粒都具有一定的去除能力,滤袋长度为8 m时受到的二次扬尘影响较小;滤料及粉尘层厚度为2 mm时,袋式除尘器的压力损失随着滤袋长度的增加而增加,颗粒粒径对除尘器压力损失的影响较小;通过对比袋长为8 m时除尘器模拟压降与实验结果,验证了模拟结果的可靠性。因此,除尘器的最优袋长为8 m,模拟结果为袋式除尘器的设计和优化提供了理论依据。     

电袋复合除尘+湿法脱硫工艺脱除多污染物的效果研究

为考察电袋复合除尘+湿法脱硫的超低排放工艺路线对多污染物的脱除能力,以某燃煤电厂已实施超低排放的660 MW机组配套的电袋复合除尘器和湿法脱硫塔为研究对象,对其进出口烟气中的烟尘、微细烟尘(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_1)、Hg、SO_2、SO_3浓度进行测试,进而通过计算得出电袋复合除尘器及湿法脱硫塔对相应污染物的脱除效率。结果表明:在正常工况条件下,电袋复合除尘器对烟尘及微细烟尘的脱除效率高达99%以上,湿法脱硫对烟尘及微细烟尘的脱除效率均为40%左右;电袋复合除尘器对颗粒Hg的脱除效率达99.72%,对气态Hg的脱除效率为75.58%,湿法脱硫塔对气态Hg的脱除效率为57.24%;电袋复合除尘器对SO3的脱除效率达82.35%,湿法脱硫塔对SO_3的脱除效率为40.00%。电袋复合除尘+湿法脱硫的超低排放工艺路线可脱除99%以上的烟尘及微细烟尘,对总Hg的脱除效率为90.11%,对SO_3的脱除效率为89.41%,是一种可行的多污染物减排工艺路线。     

新型电袋复合除尘器性能研究

为了提高布袋除尘器对细微粒子的捕集效率,同时降低压力损失,提出了一种新型的电袋复合除尘器,并利用这种新型的除尘器对2 500目的超细滑石粉进行了实验研究。通过普通布袋过滤、电袋复合过滤的对比实验研究,得到了电场强度、气布比、压损、清灰周期和除尘效率等参数的变化规律。实验结果表明,使用新型的复合除尘器过滤粉尘时,粉尘在进入袋室之前就被荷电,通过在滤料表面施加较强的静电场,使得被处理粉尘在滤料的表面有序堆积和排列,能有效地降低压力损失,提高过滤风速,除尘效率均达到97%以上。Vf=3.5 m/min,U=12.3 kV时,新型复合除尘器与普通布袋过滤相比压力损失降低了90 Pa;PM2.5的捕集效率提高了5.9%;清灰周期从10 min延长至36 min。     

Influence of pleat geometry on filter cleaning in PTFE/glass composite filter

A pleated filter bag is often used to treat exhaust gas in many industrial applications, due to its fairly high dust collection efficiency and relatively low pressure drop. This work deals with the optimum pleating geometries of a pleated filter made with a newly developed PTFE/glass composite filter. It was found that pleating geometries, including pleat height and pleat pitch, directly affect the cleaning efficiency. The design index, α, which stands for the ratio of pleat height to pleat pitch, is 1.48 for optimum operation. When the α value was higher than 1.48, the pressure drop across the pleated filter medium increased, resulting in a decreased cleaning interval due to the difficulty of filter cleaning. Therefore, it is necessary that the optimum pleating geometry should be determined by employing the dimensionless parameter, α, in the design of cartridge filters.

Implications: A pleated filter bag is often used to treat exhaust gas in many industrial applications due to its fairly high dust collection efficiency and relatively low pressure drop. The present paper introduces an optimum design configuration to make a pleated filter with newly developed PTFE/glass composite filter media. A dimensionless parameter that is the ratio of pleat height to pleat pitch should be considered to make the best quality pleated filter.     

文丘里对脉冲喷吹过滤系统清灰的影响

在自建的脉冲喷吹实验台上,利用Y—YD-7044型压电式传感器和MYD-8801加速度传感器,测试0120×2000mm覆PTFE膜无纺布滤袋在不同喷吹压力下,加文丘里与不加文丘里时的最大侧壁压力峰值和最大反向加速度,并对比计算了获得同样清灰强度时的脉冲阀一次喷吹耗气量。结果显示,添加文丘里能显著增大滤袋中下部最大侧壁压力峰值和整条滤袋上的最大反向加速度,即提高脉冲喷吹清灰强度;对应同样的喷吹压力,加文丘里时的平均最大侧壁压力峰值和平均最大反向加速度比不加文丘里时分别平均提高大约70％和50％;加文丘里获得同样清灰强度时的脉冲阀一次喷吹耗气量比不加文丘里时节省40％左右。证实对于脉冲喷吹清灰系统,添加文丘里能有效改善清灰效果以及减小能量？肖耗。     

Prediction of Particulate Loading in Exhaust from Fabric Filter Baghouses with One or More Failed Bags

Abstract

Loss of filtration efficiency in a fabric filter baghouse is typically caused by bag failure, in one form or another. The degree of such failure can be as minor as a pinhole leak or as major as a fully involved baghouse fire. In some cases, local air pollution regulations or federal hazardous waste laws may require estimation of the total quantity of particulate matter released to the environment as a result of such failures. In this paper, a technique is presented for computing the dust loading in the baghouse exhaust when one or more bags have failed. The algorithm developed is shown to be an improvement over a previously published result, which requires empirical knowledge of the variation in baghouse pressure differential with bag failures. An example calculation is presented for a bag-house equipped with 200 bags. The prediction shows that a small percentage of failed bags can cause a relatively large proportion of the gas flow to bypass the active bags, which, in turn, leads to high outlet dust loading and low overall collection efficiency from the baghouse.     

Prediction of particulate loading in exhaust from fabric filter baghouses with one or more failed bags

Loss of filtration efficiency in a fabric filter baghouse is typically caused by bag failure, in one form or another. The degree of such failure can be as minor as a pinhole leak or as major as a fully involved baghouse fire. In some cases, local air pollution regulations or federal hazardous waste laws may require estimation of the total quantity of particulate matter released to the environment as a result of such failures. In this paper, a technique is presented for computing the dust loading in the baghouse exhaust when one or more bags have failed. The algorithm developed is shown to be an improvement over a previously published result, which requires empirical knowledge of the variation in baghouse pressure differential with bag failures. An example calculation is presented for a baghouse equipped with 200 bags. The prediction shows that a small percentage of failed bags can cause a relatively large proportion of the gas flow to bypass the active bags, which, in turn, leads to high outlet dust loading and low overall collection efficiency from the baghouse.     

高压脉冲电晕处理发动机尾气中的NO的实验研究

本文通过对高压脉冲电晕放电产生的等离子体活性物质对发动机尾气中的NO进行活化 ,研究其净化率与电压、频率、风速以及初始浓度的关系及其相互之间的影响 ,同时研究NO的产物NO2 随电压、频率、风速以及初始浓度的生成关系 ,实验表明 ,NO的净化率能够达到 5 0 %以上 ,在风速不大的条件下 ,NO转化的主要产物为NO2     

采用循环流化床技术焚烧城市生活垃圾

根据目前我国城市生活垃圾热值偏低的实际情况 ,提出以煤为辅助燃料 ,采用循环流化床焚烧技术处理生活垃圾 ,可大幅度降低运行成本 ,符合国情。阐述了循环流化床焚烧技术在降低NOx、SO2 和二噁等方面的优越性。尾气处理建议采用喷活性碳 +布袋除尘组合工艺 ,飞灰处理建议采用高温熔融处理     

碳纤维生产工艺含氰废气治理

在聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的生产过程中将产生大量有毒含氰废气，其危害性已引起人们的普遍关注。提出了催化燃烧的治理方案和工艺。实际运行结果表明：该工艺过程操作简便，效果较好，净化后气体达到了国家排放标准。     

滤料负载粉尘层对气态汞脱除性能的实验研究

通过不同性能纤维滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层,来模拟袋式除尘器滤袋表面粉尘附着层,进而研究袋滤器用不同性能纤维滤料和粉尘附着层对燃煤烟气中Hg0的联合脱除性能。在固定床实验系统上分别进行了不同纤维滤料和燃煤飞灰粉尘层,以及经实验优选得到的华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层脱除燃煤烟气中Hg0的实验研究。结果表明,燃煤飞灰粉尘层和华博特滤料对Hg0分别有一定的脱除作用,脱除效率可达35%和42.5%,它们对Hg0的脱除是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果;同时,华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层对Hg0的联合脱除效率受到吸附反应温度、入口汞浓度和烟气停留时间等因素的影响,最佳脱汞率可达64.4%;吸附反应温度越高,脱除效率越低;烟气停留时间越大,脱除效率越高;入口汞浓度的提高并不一定提高华博特滤料负载飞灰粉尘层的脱汞效果。     

On the forming mechanism of the cleaning airflow of pulse-jet fabric filters

To reveal the formation mechanism of a pulse-jet airflow’s cleaning effect in a filter bag, a theoretical model is built by using the theory of the gas jet and unitary adiabatic flow according to given specifications and dimensions of the bags and resistance characteristics of the cloth and dust layer. It is about the relationship between cleaning system structure and operating parameters. The model follows the principle that the flow and kinetic energy of jet flow injected into a filter bag should be consistent with the flow of cleaning airflow in the bag and the pressure drop flowing through the filter cloth and dust layer. The purpose of the model is to achieve the peak pressure of cleaning airflow, which dominates the effect of the pulse-jet cleaning process. The cleaning system structure includes air pressure in the nozzle, structure and size of nozzle, exit velocity of nozzle, jet distance, and diameter of jet cross section. Based on the condition of the cleaning system structure and operating parameters established by using the theoretical model, Fluent software is applied to carry out a numerical simulation of the jet airflow field at the nozzle’s outlet, jet airflow field between nozzle and bag top, and cleaning airflow field in the filter bag. Experimental results are used to verify the reliability of the theoretical model. They are obtained in a pilot-scale test filter with a single bag, with length 2 m and in general full-scale dimensions of the cleaning system. The results show that when any rectification measure is not installed at the bag opening, the cross-sectional area covered by the jet gas is hardly sufficient to cover the entire area of the bag opening. A large portion of the gases injected into the filter bag will overflow reversely upward from the edge due to pressure differences between the upper area and lower area inside the bag opening. This led to a serious shortage of the cleaning airflow and ar limited increase in static pressure. When a venturi-type rectifier tube is installed at the bag opening, the jet flow is converted to funnel flow for which the cross-section velocity distribution is more uniform at the throat of the rectifier tube due to the guided effects of the upper tapered pipe. Then it is transited to stressful flow below the bag opening via rectified effects of the lower dilated pipe. The results show that the gap between the static pressure of gas in the bag and the expected value is significantly reduced. The theoretical value of the nozzle diameter is enlarged to compensate for two aspects of adverse effects of cleaning airflow and energy. This is because the flow is not a purely free-form jet from the nozzle to the entrance of the rectifier tube and because the gas suffers from local resistance while flowing through the rectifier tube. The numerical simulation and experiment show that the peak pressure of cleaning airflow in the filter bag is able to reach the expected value. The results confirm that the mechanism of the pulse-jet cleaning airflow and the calculation method of the pulse-jet cleaning system structure and operating parameters offered in this study are correct. The study results provide a scientific basis for designing the system of pulse-jet fabric filters.

Implications: Pulse-jet cleaned fabric filters are commonly used for air pollution control in many industries. Pulse-jet cleaning is widely used for this purpose as it enables frequent cleaning while the filter is operating. However, the theoretical system of the forming mechanism of the pulse-jet cleaning has not formed so far. This indicates the theoretical model plays an important role in designing effective pulse-jet cleaned fabric filters.