游离态氨基酸对羊角月牙藻的生物有效性

采用实验室模拟培养试验,以6种个体氨基酸——丝氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸和精氨酸为唯一氮源,采用一次性培养的方法,在无菌条件下,研究羊角月牙藻对不同种类个体氨基酸和不同浓度混合氨基酸的利用潜能。结果表明:藻细胞在生长过程中会释放氨基酸增加水体中氨基酸浓度,同时,藻类可迅速并直接利用多种游离态氨基酸快速生长。氨基酸浓度在培养周期的前2天减少90%以上,藻细胞数在第6~8天达到最大,说明藻细胞的生长滞后于游离氨基酸浓度的下降;在个体氨基酸试验中,藻细胞对氨基酸的利用程度为精氨酸>丙氨酸>谷氨酸>天门冬氨酸>丝氨酸>甘氨酸;在混合氨基酸试验中,藻细胞的比增殖速率明显高于个体氨基酸试验组,且随混合氨基酸浓度的增加,最大藻细胞生物量增加;羊角月牙藻在利用个体氨基酸的同时也会释放其他种类的氨基酸,其中,天冬氨酸和甘氨酸的释放浓度最大。羊角月牙藻在无机氮缺乏情况下,能迅速利用氨基酸。     

溶解有机质对微生物异化还原铁过程中砷含量及其形态赋存规律的影响

基于典型的希瓦氏金属还原菌(Shewanella decolorationis S12)和石英砂负载铁砷(As-IOCS)的相互作用,探讨了不同来源及组分溶解有机质和生物/非生物条件下对上述作用过程的影响.结果表明,不同类型及组分溶解有机质(DOM)均能使石英砂上负载的铁砷微生物还原解离/解吸程度得到一定程度的加强.而非生物反应体系中,只有含氧化还原敏感官能团结构的蒽醌类物质(0.1 mmol·L-1AQS)对铁砷的解离/解吸作用产生明显影响.在0.1 mmol·L-AQS和有机络合物(2 mmol·L-1 EDTA)的影响下,使得石英砂上负载铁的微生物异化还原程度加强,导致As(Ⅴ)从石英砂负载铁上的解吸程度也随之得到加强;在未加菌体系中,AQS和EDTA和不同组分的DOM类似,对As(Ⅴ)从IOCS上解吸程度影响微弱.对于As(Ⅲ)来说,只有在AQS的影响下,其含量得到显著增加,这可能是作为氧化还原中介体的AQS,在厌氧的生物/非生物条件下,能促进电子在As不同形态之间的转移,使得高价态As(Ⅴ)向还原态As(Ⅲ)的还原转变更易进行.当S12菌液接种含量增加时,在污泥不同组分DOM的影响下,As(Ⅴ)的解吸程度在反应300h前得到明显加强,而As(Ⅲ)的含量在整个反应期间,均快速上升,表明菌液含量高的体系,微生物铁异化还原过程得以持续进行,同时也促进了As(Ⅴ)向As(Ⅲ)的还原转变.     

Binding of pyrene to dissolved organic matters: fractionation and characterization

Based on a modified Leenheer DOM fractionation scheme, fractionation of DOM from the paddy soil was conducted by using XAD-8 resin into hydrophobic bases ( HOB), hydrophobic acids ( HOA), acid-insoluble matter ( AIM), hydrophobic neutrals ( HON ) and hydrophilic matter(HIM). In total carbon content of DOM, 35.32% were the HIM and only 0.73% the HOB. However, HOA and AIM altogether occupied 53.45%, while the HON fraction represented 10%. The sorption experiments were conducted to determine the sorption capacity of pyrene on unfractionated DOM and its fractions. Elemental analysis, ^1H-NMR and FTIR spectra were carried out on unfractionated DOM and its fractions to examine the relationship between the structure of DOM and partition coefficients( Kac ). The results showed that HON had a greater affinity for binding pyrene than other fractions. While HON was characterized by large long-chain alkylate (aliphatic structure). AIM exhibited relative higher Kac values than HOA and HIM, due to much aromatic structure in AIM, while the high content of carboxylic groups of HOA and HIM depressed their binding capacity. This study demonstrated HON is a key subcomponents of DOM in binding of pyrene, in other words, aliphalic structure in DOM play an important role in binding of pyrene.     

Characteristics of dissolved organic matter （DOM） in leachate with different landfill ages

The main objective of the study was to investigate the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in leachate with different landfill ages through the chemical, spectroscopic, and elemental analysis. Humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and hydrophilic (HyI) fractions were isolated and purified by the XAD-8 resin combined with the cation exchange resin method. The analytical results of fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) revealed that the fluorescence peaks were protein-like fluorescence for young landfill leachate, while the fluorescence peaks for medium and old landfill leachate were humic-like and fulvic-like fluorescence, respectively. Elemental analysis showed that carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content decreased with landfill age, while the oxygen content increased. Moreover, the nitrogen content in these isolated fractions followed HA ＞ HyI ＞ FA. The results of elemental analysis, FT-IR, and fluorescence EEMs also confirmed that aromatic carbons and portions of aliphatic functional groups were more abundant in leachate samples with increasing landfill age.     

某污染场地地下水中溶解性有机质组成特征及其自然衰减指示作用

溶解性有机质（DOM）影响着地下水中污染物的降解转化行为,其结构组成的变化可以反映外来污染物的迁移转化过程。以山东某污染场地地下水为研究对象,利用三维荧光光谱（EEM）、同步荧光光谱（SFS）和荧光区域体积积分法（FRI）分析研究区地下水DOM的组成及结构变化规律,并结合自然衰减能力评估方法——水文地球化学指标分析方法和微生物学分析方法探讨DOM光谱信息对地下水有机污染自然衰减效果的指示作用。结果表明：在地下水有机污染持续存在和长期的微生物作用下,地下水DOM中类腐殖质和类蛋白物质组分含量均增加,随着生物降解作用越来越强烈,DOM中类蛋白物质占比逐渐升高。基于FRI分区理论,提出可用特定荧光分区相对含量比〔P_(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)/P_Ⅴ〕,即类蛋白物质与类腐殖质物质的相对含量比,作为快速判断地下水有机污染自然衰减生物作用效果的代替表征指标,P_(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)/P_Ⅴ越大,表明自然衰减中的生物降解作用越强。

     

Effect of dissolved organic matter on adsorption and desorption of mercury by soils

Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on adsorption and desorption of Hg were investigated in two kinds of soils, Xanthi-Udic Ferralosols (XUF) and Typic Purpli-Udic Cambosols (TPUC). The DOM was obtained from humus soil (DOMH), rice straw (DOMR), and pig manure (DOMP). The presence of DOM obviously reduced Hg maximum adsorption capacity with up to 40% decreases over the control, being an order of DOMH (250.00 mg/kg)< DOMR (303.03 mg/kg) < DOMP (322.58 mg/kg) < CK (control 416.67 mg/kg) for the XUF and ...     

DOM对纳滤膜去除磺胺甲恶唑效果影响研究

试验研究几种不同可溶性有机物(DOM)对纳滤膜(NF)去除抗生素磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)的影响效果.试验所用DOM选定腐殖酸(HA)、单宁酸(TA)和海藻酸钠(SA).结果显示3种DOM对SMZ去除率和通量影响迥异,并与DOM的亲疏水性有密切的关系.为更好了解DOM对NF去除SMZ的影响机理,试验对臭氧化HA也进行了研究.臭氧化HA相对于臭氧前HA亲水性显著提高,对SMZ去除率的影响相应提高.结果表明在有多种DOM共同存在的天然原水中,SMZ的去除机理十分复杂,DOM的本身物理化学性质对于目标物的去除效果十分重要.     

水田土壤中水溶性有机物的产生动态及对土壤中重金属活性的影响:田间微区试验

采用田间微区试验研究不同施肥处理对土壤水溶性有机物 (DOM)的动态变化及其对土壤Cd活性的影响 结果表明 ,与施化肥对照处理相比 ,施用有机肥后土壤中DOM含量明显增加 .但随着水稻的生长DOM呈不断下降的趋势 ,而对照处理的变幅不大 ;在水稻整个生长过程中根际DOM含量不断增加且都高于对应时期土壤DOM的含量 ,并至水稻扬花期最大 ,此时 ,3种处理的根际产生DOM浓度 (DOM浓度以水溶性有机碳 (DOC)计 ,以下同 )分别为 :绿肥与化肥配施处理组 (GM) ( 14 0 2mg·L-1) >猪粪与化肥配施处理组 (PM) ( 11 12mg·L-1) >对照处理组 (F) ( 10 8mg·L-1) .水稻扬花期后 ,各处理的DOM含量不断下降 .试验还指出 ,有机肥施用后根际及土体土壤中交换态及有机结合态Cd含量显著增加 ,是对照处理的 2倍之多 ,同时发现 ,水稻收获后土壤交换态Cd的含量与此时的土壤DOM含量呈明显的正相关 (r土体 =0 92 6 6 ,n =8;r根际 =0 9389 ,n =8) .施用有机肥改良重金属污染土壤应该谨慎     

Microbial bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the sediments of Lake Shankou, Northeastern China

Dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)extracted from Lake Shankou sediments using KCl was isolated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions.The bioavailabilities of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions to three types of bacterial communities collected from sediments,activated sludge and compost products were examined.The DON recoveries obtained by DAX-8 and cation exchange resins treatment were 96.17% ± 1.58% and 98.14% ±0% for the samples obtained from N4 and N14 stations,respectively.After 25 days of incubation at 25°C,most DON(59% to 96%)was degraded.Hydrophilic DON exhibited a higher reduction rate than hydrophobic DON during the growth phase.Untreated wastewater from Changshuihe town was the main degradable DON source to station N4,and 93% of hydrophilic DON and 80% of hydrophobic DON were degraded.Station N14 received a large amount of refractory DON from forest soils and exhibited DON degradation rates of 82% and 71% for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions,respectively.Amino acid contents and fluorescence intensities were also analyzed.Approximately 27% to 74% of amino acids were taken up by day 5,and their concentration gradually increased in the following days due to the decomposition of dissolved proteins.Parallel factor analysis resulted in identification of tryptophan-like proteins,tyrosine-like proteins and FA-like substances.During the growth phase,40%–51% of the tryptophan-like proteins were taken up by bacteria,and the accumulation of tyrosine-like proteins was attributed to the release of biotic substances.The concentration of the FA-like substances decreased due to microbial decomposition.     

五种红树植物根区原位溶解性有机物(DOM)浓度及其荧光构成分析

红树植物对根际微生物群落产生影响,应与其根区微域中的溶解性有机物(dissolved organic matter,简称DOM)密切相关.采用总有机碳(TOC)分析仪和三维荧光分析法对5种主要红树植物建群种的DOM浓度和组分进行原位采样与测定.根际土和非根际土孔隙水DOC的总平均值分别为207.87 mg·L-1、144.51 mg·L-1.从三维荧光光谱图及荧光特征值r和荧光指数FI判断,根际土中有机物浓度及成分均大于非根际土中,根际土孔隙水DOM的内源性较非根际土中强,外源输入的腐殖酸量大于富里酸量.     

垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液处置工艺中溶解性有机物变化特性

采用“物化+生物处理+深度处理”组合工艺处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液,探索组合工艺对渗滤液的实际去除效果,考察渗滤液中溶解性有机物(DOM)的组成及其结构特性随组合工艺的变化规律,并对其机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,当进水COD和氨氮的平均值分别为17825,1946mg/L时,组合工艺对渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率均达到99%左右,出水COD、氨氮、色度分别为57mg/L、5mg/L、15倍.组合工艺对渗滤液DOM中腐殖酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)和亲水性有机物(HyI)的去除率均达到99%左右,对HA、FA、HyI削减显著的工艺单元分别为混凝2、厌氧和颗粒活性炭(GAC),削减率分别达到86%、77%和84%.出水HA、FA和HyI的COD浓度分别为10,23,6mg/L,其中分子量较小的FA为出水主要组分.随着组合工艺处理过程的进行,渗滤液中DOM的紫外区吸光度值显著下降,DOM的E254、E253/E203分别由1.55、0.64下降至0.012和0.024,说明DOM的芳香性和复杂程度显著降低,脂肪链芳香化合物逐渐增加;此外,E300/E400和E465/E665分别由2.65和2.17增加至9.78和8.03,表明渗滤液中溶解性有机物腐殖化程度不断降低,芳香构化程度不断减小.     

Sorption of dissolved organic matter and its effects on the atrazine sorption on soils

IntroductionApplication of organic amendments, such as sewagesludge to agricultural soils, has been considered as aneffective way to improve the soil physico chemical propertiesand organic matter compositions. Dissolved organic matter(D…     

Fluorescence characteristic changes of dissolved organic matter during municipal solid waste composting

Dissolved organic matter（DOM） of municipal solid waste（MSW） consists of minerals, water, ash and humic substances, and is known to enhance plant growth. In this study, inoculating microbes（Z J, MS） were used in municipal solid wastes composting, and composting implemented a industrialized technology. During composting, dissolved organic matter was extracted from the compost and purified. The spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter was determined by fluorescence emission, excitation, and synchronous spectroscopy. Fluorescence emission, excitation, and synchronous spectra characterized by different relative fluorescent intensities and peaks over time. Fluorescence spectra were similar to that of fulvic acid in sewage sludge, indicating the presence of dissolved organic matter with aromatic structures and a high degree of molecular polymerization. Compared with the controls with no microbial inoculation, the microbe-inoculated treatments exhibited the increase of aromatic polycondensation, in the following order： MS ＋ ZJ 〉 ZJ 〉 MS 〉 CK.     

含生物质炭城市污泥堆肥中溶解性有机质的光谱特征

以外源添加生物质炭的城市污泥堆肥过程中溶解性有机质(DOM)为研究对象,讨论了其紫外-可见和荧光光谱特征变化.结果表明:与对照组相比,外源添加生物质炭的处理其堆肥DOM的芳香性和腐殖化程度更高,有利于提高堆肥的腐熟度,且外源添加花生壳炭的处理较添加小麦秸秆炭的处理更有利于堆肥腐熟度的提高.外源添加花生壳炭的处理在堆肥21d后,其堆肥腐熟度可能达到峰值,而外源添加小麦秸秆炭的处理其堆肥腐熟度则随着堆肥时间的进行而增加.对照组和处理组堆肥DOM的FI>0.7,BIX>0.8,表明其来源为自生源,可能与微生物对有机物的降解有关.因此,通过对城市污泥堆肥过程中DOM的光谱特征分析,能较好地评估城市污泥堆肥腐熟度的情况.     

氮沉降与生物炭对土壤可溶性有机质的影响

利用盆栽实验,探讨氮沉降与生物炭（BC）施用对杉木幼苗土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量和可溶性有机质（DOM）光谱学特征的短期影响.氮沉降处理为0（对照）、40（低氮）和80kgN/（hm²·a）（高氮）,在不同氮沉降下BC施用水平分别为0（对照）、12（低量BC）和36t/hm²（高量BC）.结果表明：相比对照处理,单独低氮与单独高氮处理3个月后土壤pH值分别下降了0.06和0.09（P<0.05）,但单独施用BC和氮沉降背景下施用BC处理的土壤pH值均呈上升趋势,增加了0.32~0.94（P<0.05）.与对照处理相比,单独低氮处理的土壤DOC含量显著降低,单独高氮处理的则显著升高且DOM结构趋于简单;单独施用BC和氮沉降背景下施用BC处理中,低量BC处理的土壤DOC含量无明显变化,但高量BC处理的显著提高了30.1%~95.6%,并且DOM结构趋于复杂.冗余分析发现,土壤pH值是导致不同处理DOM存在差异的关键因素.因此,氮沉降背景下施用高量BC短期内可以减缓土壤酸化,提高土壤DOC含量并使DOM更加稳定.     

氮沉降与生物炭对土壤可溶性有机质的影响

利用盆栽实验,探讨氮沉降与生物炭（BC）施用对杉木幼苗土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量和可溶性有机质（DOM）光谱学特征的短期影响.氮沉降处理为0（对照）、40（低氮）和80kgN/（hm²·a）（高氮）,在不同氮沉降下BC施用水平分别为0（对照）、12（低量BC）和36t/hm²（高量BC）.结果表明：相比对照处理,单独低氮与单独高氮处理3个月后土壤pH值分别下降了0.06和0.09（P<0.05）,但单独施用BC和氮沉降背景下施用BC处理的土壤pH值均呈上升趋势,增加了0.32~0.94（P<0.05）.与对照处理相比,单独低氮处理的土壤DOC含量显著降低,单独高氮处理的则显著升高且DOM结构趋于简单;单独施用BC和氮沉降背景下施用BC处理中,低量BC处理的土壤DOC含量无明显变化,但高量BC处理的显著提高了30.1%~95.6%,并且DOM结构趋于复杂.冗余分析发现,土壤pH值是导致不同处理DOM存在差异的关键因素.因此,氮沉降背景下施用高量BC短期内可以减缓土壤酸化,提高土壤DOC含量并使DOM更加稳定.     

再生水补给型城市景观水体中溶解性有机物的分布及特征——以圆明园为例

天然水体中的溶解性有机物(Dissolved Organic Matter,DOM)具有多样的生态意义,已被用作评价天然水体水质状况的一项重要指标.本研究运用三维荧光光谱(Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy,EEMs)测量了圆明园水体中溶解性有机物的四季变化情况,利用平行因子...     

蘑菇湖沉积物间隙水溶解性有机质紫外可见光谱研究

从蘑菇湖选取7个采样点,提取沉积物间隙水DOM样本,运用主成分分析与聚类分析方法对蘑菇湖沉积物间隙水紫外可见光谱进行解析,识别光谱组分与主控因子,并研究DOM的组成、腐殖化程度及空间变化。结果表明,DOM组分为木质素和奎宁、羧酸基团及多烷基腐殖质等,在外围区与深湖区2个区域存在明显差异。从吸收光谱推演出具有良好相关性的S_r、SUVA₂₅₄、E₂/E₃、E₂/E₄、E₂₅₃/E₂₀₃、A₂/A₁ 6个光谱指标,可以用于表征DOM的分子量大小和腐殖化水平,外围区DOM的分子量和腐殖化程度皆高于深湖区,并且在区域内呈现随水深增加而递减的趋势。光谱指标聚类分析结果表明,与腐殖化水平呈正相关的指标(E₂₅₃/E₂₀₃、SUVA₂₅₄、A₂/A₁)在表征DOM腐殖化水平时更具有代表性。根据光谱指标聚类结果将7个采样点分为2类,该结果与主成分分析一致。通过DOM腐殖化程度可以在一定程度上判断其空间变化规律。     

南昌市灰尘中可淋溶态DOM的光谱特性

灰尘中可淋溶态DOM(LDOM)是城市雨水径流中有机质及污染物的重要来源.本文采集南昌市不同功能区及公交站台灰尘样品,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱法及三维荧光光谱法分析了灰尘中LDOM的光谱特性,以期为城市雨水径流污染防治提供数据支持.研究表明:南昌市灰尘总有机碳浓度及有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)浓度均值分别为30.3 g·kg~(-1)和17.67 m~(-1),二者以东西向主干道及赣江沿岸为高值中心向两侧递减.荧光溶解性有机物中的类腐殖物质、紫外-可见吸收光谱参数中的UV_(254)、S_R、UV_(250)/UV_(365)、UV_(240)/UV_(420)均以昌南(近高速路附近)地区较高,说明这些地区灰尘LDOM的分子量小、有机质腐殖化程度高.而类蛋白物质及UV_(253)/UV_(203)均以市区值较高,说明市区灰尘LDOM的自生源特性较高、芳环结构复杂.荧光指数分析结果表明,公园绿地灰尘LDOM的内源及自生源可能性大、腐殖化程度低,而文教区灰尘LDOM的陆源来源可能性大、腐殖化程度高.主成分分析结果表明,以陆源来源为主LDOM的腐殖化程度高、有机质结构复杂、分子量小(如文教区空调灰尘LDOM),以内源自生源为主LDOM的腐殖化程度低、结构中脂肪碳多、分子量大(如公园绿地灰尘LDOM).     

呼伦湖水体溶解性有机物荧光特征及来源分析

呼伦湖是我国北方生态安全屏障的重要组成部分,为探究呼伦湖水体中有机物的组成及来源,利用三维荧光光谱（EEMs）结合平行因子（PARAFAC）分析技术进行溶解性有机物（DOM）荧光特征及来源研究。结果表明：呼伦湖DOM中含有3种荧光组分,分别为类色氨酸（C1）、类腐殖酸（C2）和类富里酸（C3）;平水期、丰水期和枯水期的C2和C3荧光强度占比约70%,表明呼伦湖水体DOM以腐殖质类物质为主,其中不同水期生态补水工程入湖口的C2和C3荧光强度均高于其他区域;平水期、丰水期和枯水期的荧光指数、生物指数和腐殖化指数平均值分别为1.50~1.54、0.85~1.00和4.12~4.68,表明呼伦湖DOM由陆源和自生源混合组成,具有明显的自生源特征;水质监测数据表明,2021年呼伦湖平水期、丰水期和枯水期水质均为GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》劣Ⅴ类,其中平水期和丰水期的BOD₅平均值高于枯水期,而平水期总有机碳平均浓度高于丰水期和枯水期;不同水期C2和C3的荧光强度均呈显著正相关,表明DOM中组分C2和C3的产生及来源具有一致性。