甘肃典型地区电力接地网腐蚀规律与防腐对策研究

根据甘肃省地域气候、环境状况特点,选取典型变电站进行土壤理化性能测试,评价土壤的腐蚀性,并根据金属试片埋片失重法进行腐蚀速率及腐蚀性评价的验证,提出典型地区设计、施工、运营时的防腐措施。     

一种土壤腐蚀性评价方法的研究

提供一种简便、实用的土壤腐蚀性评价方法,以解决因土壤中存在砂石阻隔电子的移动,使电阻率及氧化还原电位测量出现较大偏差,从而影响土壤腐蚀性评价的技术问题。结合甘肃地区4个750 kV变电站的现场检测实例表明,采用本方法所得土壤腐蚀性结果与现场腐蚀速率测试结果相吻合,验证了该评价方法的效果。     

铜接地网对变电站周围环境的铜污染研究

对安徽省某500 kV变电站周围土壤中的铜含量进行了测试,结果表明,该变电站周围土壤中的铜含量的中值和平均值均超过安徽地区土壤环境的平均值,但其含量均未超过二级标准值.按照单因子指数法进行评价,远小于1;按照内梅罗综合指数法进行评价,仅为0.3235,明显低于0.7的安全值,两者均表明该变电站周围土壤是清洁的,并未受到铜污染.     

模糊综合评判法在区域土壤环境重金属污染评价中的应用

应用模糊数学中的模糊综合评判法,对华东某一区域土壤环境中的重金属污染程度进行了评价,运用多因子共同作用机理,对土壤环境质量的分级问题进行了探讨。     

腐蚀性空气环境的分级及检测方法

介绍了国外有关腐蚀性空气环境的分级标准及其检测方法。环境中的腐蚀性气体可对电子元器件及自动控制设备产生腐蚀，影响其性能。根据腐蚀性的严重程度，美国仪器学会标准中将腐蚀性空气环境分为四级。环境腐蚀性置于腐蚀性环境中的铜试条进行检测。     

万山汞矿区土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析

以万山汞矿区土壤为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和原子荧光光谱仪测定土壤中的重金属含量,分别运用内梅罗综合污染指数（NPI）法和潜在生态风险指数（RI）法评价土壤重金属污染和潜在生态风险,并应用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析对土壤重金属来源进行分析。结果表明：土壤Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Ni和Zn出现不同程度累积,分别达贵州省背景值的263.61、2.31、1.28、2.11、1.70、1.01和3.52倍;土壤重金属平均NPI为188.00,属于严重污染水平,Hg是主要污染因子;土壤重金属平均RI为10 655.70,属于极强潜在生态风险水平,Hg是主要潜在生态风险因子;土壤中Cu、Ni、Cr主要源于自然活动,As、Pb、Zn主要源于燃煤和交通运输污染,Cd主要源于农业污染,Hg主要源于汞冶炼污染。     

喀斯特山区燃煤电厂土壤重金属污染评价

选取地处贵州省喀斯特山区的金沙电厂为研究对象,对电厂周围的表层土壤、蔬菜(莲花白)试样的重金属含量进行了测定,采用模糊数学法对土壤重金属污染进行了评价,采用富集系数法分析了莲花白对重金属的富集能力。实验结果表明:电厂周围表层土壤中Hg,As,Cd,Pb,Cu的平均含量分别达0.70,26.40,0.61,44.83,35.51 mg/kg,其中,Hg和Cd的平均含量分别为GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》中二级标准的1.40和2.03倍;电厂周围土壤受到较为严重的Hg,As,Cd污染,各个方向的重金属污染程度大小顺序为西北西东南西南东北东,总体趋势为西向大于东向;莲花白对土壤中Cd的富集作用较强,对其他重金属的富集作用较弱。     

梨园杀虫剂的环境风险评价

评价了某雪花梨栽培试验园区施用的杀虫剂对周围环境的风险性。其中包括；利用化学物质排毒系数评价法对梨园杀虫剂进行初步风险识别；非突发性水环境污染风险分析。采用瞬时点源一维河流模型对杀虫剂因事故性泄漏水体造成的风险进行预测；简要说明了杀虫剂进入土壤的途径及其对施药区和非施药区土壤的危害；采用高斯烟团模式，通过大气取样，对杀虫剂超常量喷施进入大气捕捞浓度分布进行统计分析，测算出杀虫剂在不同浓度范围出现的相对频率，从而鉴别其对居民点空气质量的危害几率。     

火炸药生产废水污染土壤修复的研究进展

总结了国内外化学修复法和生物修复法修复火炸药生产废水污染土壤的研究进展。比较了各种方法的优缺点,提出了未来火炸药生产废水污染土壤修复技术的研究方向。指出:应将物理修复法、化学修复法及生物修复法相结合,将修复定位于综合化、彻底化及可利用化,以期达到火炸药生产废水污染土壤的无害化治理。     

水泥-赤泥-电石渣-磷石膏固化镉污染土壤

为修复镉污染土壤,同时资源化利用工业废渣,以水泥、赤泥、电石渣、磷石膏为原料制备了镉污染土壤固化剂。考察了龄期对固化土无侧限抗压强度、渗透系数、浸出液pH、浸出毒性的影响,并采用SEM-EDS技术观察固化土微观形貌、Tessier五步连续提取法分析重金属形态。实验结果表明,水泥、赤泥、电石渣、磷石膏的最佳掺量(以干土壤质量计)为9%,5%,1%,1%。工业废渣固化土的抗压强度和抗渗性随龄期延长而提高,浸出液pH呈先上升后平稳再下降的趋势,毒性浸出液中未检测到Cd²⁺。对比同等掺量的水泥固化土,工业废渣固化土的渗透系数和腐蚀性均更低。固化土中有钙矾石和水化硅酸钙生成,镉的稳定态含量较高。     

Waste form corrosion modeling: comparison with experimental results

Results of leaching experiments using active and inactively simulated HLW glass in concentrated NaCl solution are described. Measured solution concentrations of glass components, fission products and actinides are compared with computed data. The computed pH value corresponds with the findings from experiments with inactively simulated glass samples. Moreover, the concentrations of silica and strontium can be described adequately by reaction path modelling. The computed U concentration is explained by the precipitation of schoepite or Na2U2O7. The computed Am concentration significantly exceeds the measured data. This may be attributed to sorption processes on corrosion products of the glass, which are relevant also for lanthanide elements under the conditions of the experiments. This hypothesis is tested by solid solution approaches and by computing sorption of Am onto SiO2 precipitates.     

The potential of SO2 for reducing corrosion in WtE plants

Due to the high-temperature boiler corrosion induced by chloride-rich fly ash deposits, steam generation in today’s Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants is typically designed only for 40 bar/400 °C as an economic compromise between acceptable corrosion rate and maximum power generation. The high-corrosive metal chlorides in the fly ash can react with SO₂ forming low-corrosive sulfates. The sulfation efficiency is enhanced by high SO₂ levels and sufficient residence time of the flue gas at high-temperatures (700–900 °C). The fly ash sulfation was tested in full scale in a Swedish WtE plant by applying the economic sulfur recirculation method. Probes of several alloys (16Mo3, Inconel 625, Sanicro 28) were exposed for 1000 h at controlled material temperatures in the superheater position, at normal and during sulfating operation respectively. Analyses of the fly ash showed that the molar Cl/S was decreased to values well below 1 and the corresponding corrosion rates of the individual material samples were less than half when sulfur recirculation was in operation. These positive findings demonstrate that the sulfur recirculation process has high potential for low-corrosive high-temperature steam generation (T ≈ 500 °C) and improved electricity production. Further steam superheating can be realized by staged superheating using small amounts of secondary fuel.     

海水脱硫工程的特种防腐施工技术

总结了深圳西部电厂5、6号机组烟气海水脱硫工程特种防腐及其施工的实践经验，重点介绍了混凝土基体表面特种防腐施工的工艺技术。     

热喷涂防腐涂层在生物质锅炉中的研究进展

简要介绍了常用热喷涂技术,基于对热喷涂防腐涂层在燃煤锅炉防腐工作中的研究进展,进一步分析了热喷涂涂层在生物质锅炉防腐中的现状,介绍了金属涂层中的NiCrTiFe系列涂层、陶瓷涂层及金属陶瓷复合涂层、纳米涂层等现有技术比较成熟的涂层,对热喷涂防腐涂层的发展趋势进行了展望。     

石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫装置磨损腐蚀问题分析

分析了目前国内现有石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫装置的磨损防腐问题,简述了在运石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫装置的主要磨损腐蚀环境及相应的防护措施。     

Absorption characteristics of potassium carbonate-based solutions with rate promoters and corrosion inhibitors

In this research, absorbents for CO₂ capture were prepared by blending 30 wt% potassium carbonate, 3 wt% of a rate promoter, and 1 wt% of a corrosion inhibitor. Pipecolic acid, sarcosine, and diethanolamine were chosen as rate promoter candidates. Based on a rate promoter screening test for CO₂ loading capacity and absorption rate, pipecolic acid and sarcosine were selected to be used as rate promoters. 1,2,3-benzotriazole and ammonium thiocyanate were chosen as corrosion inhibitors, and they were mixed with a 30 wt% potassium carbonate-based absorbent mixture containing one of the rate promoters. The absorption rates for four absorbent solutions (30 wt% potassium carbonate?+?3 wt% pipecolic acid?+?1 wt% 1,2,3-benzotriazole, 30 wt% potassium carbonate?+?3 wt% pipecolic acid?+?1 wt% ammonium thiocyanate, 30 wt% potassium carbonate?+?3 wt% sarcosine?+?1 wt% 1,2,3-benzotriazole, and 30 wt% potassium carbonate?+?3 wt% sarcosine?+?1 wt% ammonium thiocyanate) were measured, tabulated, and graphically displayed. These types of absorbents can be used for capturing CO₂ under high temperature and pressure conditions, such as those found in coal-fired power plants.     

A study of the corrosion products of mild steel in high ionic strength brines

The corrosion layer on steel surfaces that formed after exposure to waste isolation pilot plant (WIPP) brines under anoxic conditions was characterized for chemical composition, thickness and phase composition. The chemical composition of the corrosion layer was determined both by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by chemical analysis of acid solutions used to remove the corrosion layer. Atomic force microscopic (AFM) images indicated that the brine-corroded surface layer shows extensive granulation along the contours of the steel surface that is characteristic of sharp polishing marks. The corrosion layer seemed to be porous and could be dissolved and detached in dilute hydrochloric acid. The corrosion layer appears to be composed of iron oxides with some ionic substitutions from the brines. The 77 K M?ssbauer spectrum recorded for iron powder leached under similar conditions indicated the corrosion layer was comprised principally of green rust.     

燃煤锅炉炉膛高温腐蚀原因及对策

从300MW机组锅炉水冷壁管的高温腐蚀情况出发，阐述了产生高温腐蚀的原因，并提出了切实可行的预防措施。     

燃煤电厂脱硫烟囱防腐技术创新和应用探讨

通过对现行燃煤电厂脱硫烟囱防腐技术分析,总结了脱硫烟囱防腐失效的原因,提出了脱硫烟囱防腐的技术创新思路。简要介绍了采用自硫化丁基橡胶防腐衬里对燃煤电厂脱硫烟囱进行防腐的可行性和成功案例。