Swine wastewater treatment in a two stage sequencing batch reactor using real‐time control

Abstract

A laboratory scale two‐stage sequencing batch reactor (TSSBR) was used to study the effectiveness of pH as a real‐time control parameter in swine wastewater treatment. A Ringlace media was inserted into the A/O (Anoxic/Oxic) reactor for bacteria immobilization. The TSSBR was subjected to three levels of organic loading. The pH and ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential) patterns obtained were consistent with distinct features, enabling the real‐time control strategy to effectively set a flexible aeration time pending on influent concentration, hence resulting in flexible cycle time and HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) for the system. The real‐time process ensured a removal efficiency of over 99% and 95%, respectively, for ammonia and TOC (Total Organic Carbon). For NO₃ ^‐‐N and PO₄ ^‐3, the run with influent TOC = 4,000 mg/L yielded the most efficient removal of 61% and 95%, respectively. Test results suggest that pH can be a viable tool for on‐line real‐time control of a biological treatment process.     

优化控制SBR工艺处理养猪废水中试研究

采用优化控制SBR工艺对北京某种猪场的养殖粪尿污水进行了中试处理研究。所建立的自控系统通过ORP实时曲线上的“硝酸盐膝点”和pH实时曲线上的“氨谷点”分别对碳源投加和曝气时间进行优化控制,实现根据水质变化适当补充所需碳源,并有效节省曝气能耗。中试反应器10个月的连续运行结果表明,系统对于氨氮和COD的去除率分别达到97%和95%。     

A comparison of swine wastewater treatment using real-time and fixed-time two-stage sequencing batch reactors

This study compared the swine wastewater treatment of two identical lab-scale two-stage sequencing batch reactors (TSSBR) under similar conditions except that one was operated on a fixed-time mode and the other on a real-time mode. While both TSSBR systems performed very well, the real-time TSSBR performed far better then the fixed-time TSSBR, in every aspect of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous removal. The removals of COD, TOC, were at 97% and for BOD5 even at 99.7%. In terms of NH4-N and TKN removals, the real-time TSSBR achieved removal of over 98%. For phosphorus removals (Ortho-P and total P) the results from the real-time TSSBR was quite remarkable at 97.7%.     

A Comparison of Swine Wastewater Treatment Using Real-Time and Fixed-Time Two-Stage Sequencing Batch Reactors

Abstract

This study compared the swine wastewater treatment of two identical lab-scale two-stage sequencing batch reactors (TSSBR) under similar conditions except that one was operated on a fixed-time mode and the other on a real-time mode. While both TSSBR systems performed very well, the real-time TSSBR performed far better then the fixed-time TSSBR, in every aspect of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous removal. The removals of COD, TOC, were at 97% and for BOD₅ even at 99.7%. In terms of NH₄-N and TKN removals, the real-time TSSBR achieved removal of over 98%. For phosphorus removals (Ortho-P and total P) the results from the real-time TSSBR was quite remarkable at 97.7%.     

Swine wastewater treatment using attached-growth and suspended-growth two stage sequencing batch reactors with real-time control.

Two two-stage sequencing batch reactors (TSSBR), one attached-growth and one suspended-growth, were operated under three levels of wastewater concentration (approximately 4,000, 2,000 and 500 TOC mg/L), respectively, to compare the pH and ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) patterns and system performance. In both TSSBR systems, the pH and ORP profiles varied with organic loading yet exhibited consistent patterns with distinctive features suitable for real-time control. For all runs at the three levels of influent, both systems achieved similar levels of treatment for BOD5, TOC and TSS of over 97.5, 93.4, and 97.3%, respectively. The attached-growth system out performed the suspended-growth system in achieving the same levels of treatment at much shorter aeration cycle times. The treatment efficiency for NO3(-)-N and PO4(-3) was greatly affected by the carbon content in the wastewater, and the best treatment was achieved during the TOC approximately 4,000 mg/L runs with final effluent at 4.0 and 21.3 mg/L, respectively.     

固定化微生物强化处理对甲苯胺模拟废水的研究

采用新型固定化载体大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物强化SBR处理对甲苯胺模拟废水,与对照组相比,通过投加大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物可以有效提高反应器的处理效率.在进水TOC浓度为434.8 mg/L,对甲苯胺浓度为326.9 mg/L的条件下,强化组可在100 min左右将TOC和对甲苯胺基本去除完全,去除率在99%以上.对照组则需要300min才能达到相近的去除效果.强化组对氨氮同样具有较好的硝化效果,出水氨氮浓度在10 mg/L以下.     

以pH和ORP作为脉冲SBR工艺的实时控制参数

为了实现脉冲SBR深度脱氮的实时控制,以某污水处理厂市政污水为处理对象,考察了脉冲SBR在深度脱氮过程中pH及ORP的变化规律.试验结果表明,pH及ORP的变化规律与脉冲SBR有机物去除、硝化与反硝化过程存在较好的相关关系.可以根据pH和ORP变化曲线上的特征点对脉冲SBR进行实时控制.并考察了污水C/N(COD/NH4 -N)对pH及ORP的变化规律的影响.在硝化过程中,C/N对pH及ORP曲线变化点的出现没有影响;在反硝化过程中,应结合pH值"硝酸盐峰"和ORP"硝酸盐膝"来判断低C/N污水反硝化的终点.在该试验中,出水TN低于2 mg/L,TN去除率可达到96%以上.     

固定化微生物强化处理对甲苯胺模拟废水的研究

采用新型固定化载体大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物强化SBR处理对甲苯胺模拟废水，与对照组相比，通过投加大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物可以有效提高反应器的处理效率。在进水TOC浓度为434．8mg／L，对甲苯胺浓度为326．9mg／L的条件下，强化组可在100min左右将TOC和对甲苯胺基本去除完全，去除率在99％以上。对照组则需要300min才能达到相近的去除效果。强化组对氨氮同样具有较好的硝化效果，出水氨氮浓度在10mg／L以下。     

两级SBR与传统SBR工艺的对比研究

用两级SBR工艺（TSSBR）处理COD与氮浓度较高的工业废水，SBR1去除有机物，SBR2主要进行硝化反硝化。TSSBR与传统SBR工艺相比，COD降解速率和硝化反应速率明显提高，COD去除率由84％提高到93％，2种工艺的反硝化速率没有明显差别。在原水COD浓度较高的情况下，TSSBR可有效克服高COD浓度对硝化反应的抑制，硝化反应速率是传统SBR的2倍。对于COD和氮浓度较高的工业废水，TSSBR明显优于传统SBR，是一种理想的处理工艺。     

两级SBR与传统SBR工艺的对比研究

采用两级SBR工艺(TSSBR)处理COD与氮浓度较高的工业废水,SBR1去除有机物,SBR2主要进行硝化反硝化。TSSBR与传统SBR工艺相比,COD降解速率和硝化反应速率明显提高,COD去除率由84%提高到93%,2种工艺的反硝化速率没有明显差别。在原水COD浓度较高的情况下,TSSBR可有效克服高COD浓度对硝化反应的抑制,硝化反应速率是传统SBR的2倍。对于COD和氮浓度较高的工业废水,TSSBR明显优于传统SBR,是一种理想的处理工艺。     

AFB-SBR工艺处理蓝皮制革工业废水

采用厌氧流化床(AFB)-序批式反应器(SBR)工艺处理蓝皮制革工业废水。分别考察了水力停留时间(HRT)、容积负荷对厌氧流化床以及曝气时间、污泥浓度、溶解氧浓度对SBR反应器处理效果的影响。试验结果表明,AFB将实验废水的BOD_5/COD(B/C)值由0.19～0.26提高至0.35～0.42,有效提高了其可生化性;在进水COD浓度为1 700～1 890 mg/L、HRT为1 d、容积负荷为1.792 kg COD/(m~3·d)时,COD去除率达65.2%～68.5%,且具有良好的抗冲击负荷能力。SBR在进水COD浓度为628～712 mg/L、污泥浓度为2.9 g/L、曝气时间为10 h、溶解氧浓度为2 mg/L工况下,COD去除率达87.6%,NH_3-N去除率达93.6%,处理后出水水质符合污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)中的一级标准要求。     

大孔树脂白球固定化微生物强化处理对甲苯胺废水的研究

采用大孔树脂白球固定化微生物强化SBR处理含对Ep苯胺废水,与对照组相比,通过投加大孔树脂白球固定化微生物可以有效提高反应器的处理效率。在进水TOC为434．8mg／L,对甲苯胺为326．9mg／L的条件下,强化组可在180min内将TOC和对甲苯胺基本去除完全,去除率在98％以上,对照组则需要300min才能达到相同的去除效果。强化组对氨氮的去除同样具有较好的处理效果。     

Effect of high influent sulfate on anaerobic wastewater treatment.

A laboratory-scale study was conducted using a completely mixed reactor with a constant influent-total-organic carbon (TOC) of 3750 mg/L to evaluate the effect of increasing influent-sulfate levels on anaerobic-treatment performance. The sulfate levels were increased stepwise from 333 to 666, 1000, 1333 and 1666 mg S/L. The results showed that an elevation of influent sulfate actually increased the TOC removal efficiency as long as the produced sulfide level did not induce toxicity. At 1333 mg S/L influent sulfate, the produced dissolved sulfide was 613 mg S/L (free sulfide = 228 mg S/L), which started to impose toxicity to the methane-producing bacteria (MPB). It was also found that the percent electron flow to the sulfate-reducing pathway increased with the increasing influent sulfate, but the direction toward the methanogenesis was correspondingly reduced. Nevertheless, under the experimental conditions tested, the majority of the influent organics was still degraded through the methanogenic pathway. Through this study, an oxidation-reduction-potential (ORP)-based oxygenation process was developed for online oxidation of sulfide in recirculating biogas. With controlled oxygen injection to raise the reactor's ORP by 25 mV, the residual sulfide in the reactor was almost totally eliminated. In case of over oxygenation, any excess oxygen was quickly consumed by the facultative organisms in the reactor, thereby imposing no toxicity to the MPB.     

TiO2/Ti转盘液膜反应器光电催化处理罗丹明B

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/Ti电极,X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,TiO2主要为锐钛矿,晶粒尺寸约为46 nm.以TiO2/Ti电极作阳极,Cu电极作阴极,组装成转盘液膜反应器,考察了其光电催化处理染料罗丹明B(RhB)的影响因素(转盘转速、偏压、溶液初始pH、RhB初始浓度和电解质浓度).得到最佳处理条件为:转盘转速90 r/min,偏压0.4V,溶液初始pH2.5,电解质(硫酸钠)质量浓度0.5 g/L.在最佳处理条件下,处理20 mg/L RhB染料废水90 min的脱色率和总有机碳(TOC)去除率分别达到97.2％和72.7％.结果表明,由于同时强化了激发光源的利用率和溶液的传质效率,TiO2/Ti转盘液膜反应器可高效光电催化处理染料废水.     

固定化膜生物反应器处理含抗生素污水

采用细菌固定化技术包埋活性污泥浓缩液,并利用A/O膜生物反应器处理含抗生素生活污水,考察了膜生物反应器在抗生素存在条件下降解有机物及氮素的性能,并对土霉素为代表的抗生素的去除效果进行分析。结果表明,人工模拟抗生素污水的COD、TOC、NH4+-N、TN及土霉素浓度分别为325～413、101.35～206.10、15.51～24.54、15.00～25.30和0.17～0.47 mg/L,水力停留时间为6、12和24 h的条件下,系统的出水平均COD、TOC、NH4+-N和TN分别维持在50、20、1和3 mg/L以下,对土霉素的平均去除率分别达到64%、72%和75%;研究还发现固定化膜生物反应器对进水中氨氮的波动具有良好的抗冲击负荷能力且可以延缓膜污染,正确调整水处理工艺的运行工序可以在提高水处理效率的同时有效降低水环境中的抗生素药物含量。     

牡蛎壳粉末投加UASB反应器的运行特性

采用牡蛎壳粉末作为UASB反应器的辅助介质,探讨了牡蛎壳钙盐的溶出特性,系统考察了运行期中牡蛎壳粉末添加方式、进水有机负荷、水力停留时间等因素对反应器出水COD、碱度与pH的影响,分析了污泥比产甲烷活性变化。结果表明,当初始pH从5到9变化时,牡蛎壳粉末溶出Ca2+浓度为40~65 mg/L,平衡pH稳定在7.7~8.0;当进水COD负荷从3.4 kg/(m3·d)逐渐增至7.0 kg/(m3·d)、牡蛎壳粉末投加量从1.5 g/d逐渐增至3.2 g/d时,与未投加的反应器相比,投加牡蛎壳粉末反应器的启动周期缩短了10%左右,COD去除率与比产甲烷活性分别提高了13.3%和22%。投加牡蛎壳粉末可有效提供碱度,加快污泥的颗粒化进程。     

铁屑法处理活性染料废水的实验研究

研究了反应时间、染料浓度、进水pH以及不同的废铸铁屑投加量的条件下，废铸铁屑内电解法处理模拟印染废水的脱色能力。并采用铁屑滤床强化厌氧一好氧膜生物反应器（A／OMBR）处理含活性染料的模拟废水。研究结果表明，铁屑对模拟印染废水的最佳脱色时间为12min，酸性条件下铁屑的脱色率优于碱性条件．随铁屑投加量的增加，系统对印染废水的脱色率提高，铁屑滤床强化A／OMBR处理可以提高组合工艺出水色度和COD的去除率。     

焦化废水中COD、挥发酚和硫氰化物同步高效去除

采用两级膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器在微氧条件下处理焦化废水,考察了该工艺对焦化废水中挥发酚、硫氰化物、氰化物和COD的去除效果。研究结果表明,在进水流量为1 L/h,总水力停留时间(HRT)为24 h的条件下,两级EGSB反应器对COD的去除效果较好。稳定运行时,在进水挥发酚为56.8~185.1 mg/L、硫氰化物为287.1~539.9 mg/L、氰化物为0.17~0.72 mg/L的条件下,系统对其平均去除率分别为99.9%、96.8%和82.6%,出水挥发酚和氰化物均能达到《污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)》的一级标准。进水COD浓度在1 084~1 880 mg/L之间,平均去除率为76.9%,出水平均浓度为325 mg/L。     

MBBR/BAF工艺降解腈类有机物的性能研究

采用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)和曝气生物滤池(BAF)结合工艺对有机腈类废水处理进行了小试研究,以考察有机物的降解规律。经过稳定运行2个月,在两级硝化液回流比R=200%,pH=7.5,HRT=3 d的情况下,进水COD、CN-、NH3-N、TN及BOD5浓度平均值分别为3 024、38、185、305和845 mg/L时,出水COD、CN-、NH3-N、TN及BOD5平均浓度为50、0.5、10、45和17 mg/L,去除率分别为98.2%、98.7%、94.2%、85.2%和98.0%,BOD/COD比值由0.29提高到0.34,达到了《江苏省化学工业主要水污染物排放标准》(DB32/939-2006)一级排放标准。     

管式反应器处理生活污水的效能

研发了一种基于射流曝气的管式反应设备,考察了负荷和DO对反应器处理效能的影响。实验结果表明,在温度为15℃、DO 6.0 mg/L、有机负荷为1.0 kg COD/(m3.d)、氮负荷为0.30 kg TN/(m3.d)、HRT为8 h的条件下,管式反应器可使生活污水的COD、NH4+-N及TN分别从335 mg/L、105 mg/L及110 mg/L降至43 mg/L、14 mg/L及18 mg/L,去除率分别为87%、86%和83%。DO对反应器脱氮效能影响显著,DO为6 mg/L时,能构建出同步硝化反硝化系统,NH4+-N和TN的去除率分别为96.6%和86.7%。