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1.
Areas containing industrial facilities belonging to three different typical industries that may cause pollution by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Beijing, China were investigated. Specifically, the areas contained a solid waste incineration plant, a chemical factory, and a heat and power plant. Investigation of the pollution status of PBDEs in the surface soil from areas around these industries revealed the highest concentration of 42 PBDE congeners (118 ng/g, dry mass) at the solid waste incineration plant. In the other two plants, the highest concentrations were both 26 ng/g (dry mass). Among the PBDE homologues, the PBDE contamination at all sites showed similar congener compositions, with BDE 209 being the dominant congener. Our findings established the first contamination status of three typical industrial areas in Beijing. Furthermore, the total concentrations of 42 PBDE congeners tended to decrease as the distance from the investigated plants increased. Overall, these plants were identified as potential pollution sources of PBDEs in Beijing. Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the major PBDE source in Beijing may be associated with the technical deca-BDE and penta-BDE mixture. Based on the data obtained in this preliminary investigation, further study of the potential of these sources to emit PBDEs in Beijing is warranted. 相似文献
2.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in chicken tissues and eggs from an electronic
waste recycling area in southeast China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xiaofei Qin Zhanfen Qin Yan Li Yaxian Zhao Xijuan Xi Shishuai Yan Mi Tian Xingru Zhao Xiaobai Xu Yongjian Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):133-138
The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken tissues from an electronic waste (e-waste)
recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated.
The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and in egg the concentration was 563.5
ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs (PPBDEs) in the chicken tissue was 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than
those reported in the literature. The large di erence of PPBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of
PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the “lipid-compartment”. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (82.5%–
94.7% of PPBDEs) in all chicken tissues except in brain (34.7% of PPBDEs), which indicated that deca-BDE (the major commercial
PBDE formulation comprising 65%–70% of total production) was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in
terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens
and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/(day kg body weight (bw)) with a mean value of 13.5 ng/(day kg bw), which was
one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstu s. 相似文献
3.
莱州湾地区土壤及底泥中多溴联苯醚水平及其分布 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
对莱州湾地区十溴联苯醚生产厂家附近土壤及底泥中的多溴联苯醚的含量进行了检测.所采集土壤和河流底泥样品中Σ8 PBDEs(BDE-28、-47、-100、-99、-154、-153、-183、-209) 的含量在58.2~7190.7 ng·g-1(干重)之间, 所有样品中,BDE-209 相对含量最高,其对Σ8PBDEs 的贡献为74.81% ~99.01 %.在8种PBDEs同族体的相关性研究中发现BDE-209与BDE-183、-154、-153、-100、-99呈现显著负相关,相关系数r为-0.842~-0.996(α=0.01).BDE-183、-154、-153、-100、-99之间呈显著正相关,相关系数r为0.805~0.994(α=0.01).产品十溴联苯醚在环境中的降解可能是测定样品中BDE-99、-100、-153、-154、-183的来源之一. 相似文献
4.
We measured 39 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the muscle tissue of three species of fish (Sciaenops ocellatus, Sparus
macrocephalus, and Lateolabrax japonicus) and four species of shellfish (Tegillarca granosa, Cyclina sinensis, Sinonovacula constricta,
and Ostrea cucullata) that were collected downstream of electronic-waste recycling plants in Taizhou, China. A total of 24 PBDE
congeners (PBDE24) in the samples were detected. The PPBDE24 (total PBDE) ranged from 545.4 to 1688.7 ng/kg ww (wet weight).
The mean PPBDE24 concentration was 1382.6 ng/kg ww in fish and 858.1 ng/kg ww in shellfish. The lower brominated congeners
were detected at relatively high concentrations in all species. The penta-products, produced from e-waste, were found at relatively low
levels. A principal component analysis suggested a significant correlation among di-, tri-, tetra-, and hepta-BDEs for the three species of
fish. Similarly, we found a significant correlation between mono- and tri-BDEs in the shellfish. Our results suggested that the processes
of PBDE metabolism and elimination were similar in both fish and shellfish. In addition, the primary source of PBDEs appeared to be
from the debromination of high brominated PBDEs. 相似文献
5.
典型地区大气中多溴联苯醚和新型溴代阻燃剂的水平及组成分布 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
溴代阻燃剂被广泛应用于工业和商业产品中,广泛存在于各种环境介质中,可能会对环境和人体产生潜在的危害.本研究选取我国溴代阻燃剂生产源区山东省潍坊市滨海开发区为生产源区域,广西壮族自治区南宁市作为对照区域,测定两地大气中8种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs:BDE-28,-47,-100,-99,-154,-153,-183,-209)和新型溴代阻燃剂(NBFRs:PBT,PBEB,HBB)的浓度.结果表明,潍坊和南宁大气中Σ8PBDEs算术平均浓度分别为1.4×105pg·m-3和323.0 pg·m-3,Σ3NBFRs算术平均浓度分别为4.2×103pg·m-3和11.9 pg·m-3.与其他城市相比,生产源区大气中溴代阻燃剂浓度在全球范围内处于较高污染水平,南宁市则与我国其他城市的水平相当,生产源区大气中PBDEs的分布特征异于南宁,PBEB、PBT、HBB及BDE-209之间的相关性在两城市也具有一定的差异. 相似文献
6.
珠江三角洲及南海北部海域表层沉积物中多溴联苯醚的分布特征 总被引:53,自引:4,他引:53
自珠江三角洲和南海北部海域采集了66个表层沉积物样品,以研究该区域中PBDEs的含量、分布、来源和在环境中的迁移.研究结果表明,东江和珠江是PBDEs的高污染区,含量为12.7~7361ng·g-1,其中BDE209平均含量为1199ng·g-1,是目前世界上已报道沉积物中含量最高的区域之一.在几乎所有被分析的样品中BDE209都是最主要的同系物.东江和珠江的PBDEs主要来自东莞和广州的本地排放,而西江的PBDEs主要通过大气的传播输入.另一个高污染区澳门水域被验证是珠江三角洲水体环境中有机污染物的“汇”. 相似文献
7.
Jiangping Wu Ying Zhang Xiaojun Luo Yazhe She Lehuan Yu Shejun Chen Bixian Mai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(2):183-194
Accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and unregulated disposal of waste of electric and electronic equipment (e-waste) in China have caused environmental pollution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This review summarized the levels, trends, and bioaccumulation characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other potential alternative BFRs including hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-dibromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) in wildlife from China. PBDE levels in wildlife from China were generally higher than those from other parts in Asia, and were comparable to those from Europe but were lower than those from North America. However, wildlife from the e-waste recycling sites in South China and East China contained much higher PBDEs compared to other reports around the world, suggesting the heavy contamination of PBDEs in these regions. The alternative BFRs were also detected in wildlife, revealing that the animals are exposed to these chemicals, in addition to PBDEs. Temporal trends indicated by levels in marine mammals from South China suggested that PBDE levels increased from the beginning of 1990s to 2000s, but decreased from the middle of 2000s, followed by relatively steady levels. In contrast, HBCDs were found to be continuously increasing from 1997 to 2007, indicating the increasing usage of HBCDs in China in recent years. Compared to PBDE profiles found in other parts, aquatic species and birds from China contained relatively higher contributions of BDE-28 and 209, respectively, suggesting the possible different usage pattern of PBDEs. Future works including keeping monitoring at a reasonable scale and frequency to make sure levels near urban centers indicative of population do not increase are needed. Additionally, focus effort on e-waste recycling regions to look for impacts and to determine if regulation/controls are resulting in lower environmental contamination, and incorporation of sentinel species in monitoring efforts are recommended. 相似文献
8.
Uptake, translocation and debromination of three polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), BDE-28, -47 and -99, in maize were studied in a hydroponic experiment. Roots took up most of the PBDEs in the culture solutions and more highly brominated PBDEs had a stronger uptake capability. PBDEs were detected in the stems and leaves of maize after exposure but rarely detected in the blank control plants. Furthermore, PBDE concentrations decreased from roots to stems and then to leaves, and a very clear decreasing gradient was found in segments upwards along the stem. These altogether provide substantiating evidence for the acropetal translocation of PBDEs in maize. More highly brominated PBDEs were translocated with more difficulty. Radial translocation of PBDEs from nodes to sheath inside maize was also observed. Both acropetal and radial translocations were enhanced at higher transpiration rates, suggesting that PBDE transport was probably driven by the transpiration stream. Debromination of PBDEs occurred in all parts of the maize, and debromination patterns of different parent PBDEs and in different parts of a plant were similar but with some differences. This study for the first time provides direct evidence for the acropetal translocation of PBDEs within plants, elucidates the process of PBDE transport and clarifies the debromination products of PBDEs in maize. 相似文献
9.
典型废旧塑料处置地土壤中多溴联苯醚污染特征 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
选择我国北方典型废旧塑料处置地为研究区域,对土壤中21种PBDEs(多溴联苯醚)的含量、同系物组成和分布特征进行了研究. 结果表明,该区域土壤中w(∑PBDEs)为1.25~3673.41ng/g,平均值为749.29ng/g,其中w(BDE209)占w(∑PBDEs)的92%以上. 整体上,处置作坊内土壤中w(∑PBDEs)明显高于作坊间道路土壤和处置地周边土壤. 塑料中添加的十溴联苯醚工业品是该区域土壤中PBDEs的主要来源. 该区域土壤PBDEs污染水平与我国电子废物集中处置场地相当,高出我国一般城市及工业城市土壤1~3个数量级,是我国另一类PBDEs高污染区,其环境风险性应引起足够的重视. 相似文献
10.
分别在典型电子垃圾拆解区(E)和其上风向参考点(S)采集了大气颗粒相和气相样品,以研究该区域大气中PBDEs的浓度水平、污染特征和气/固分布特点.分析过程中运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪,负化学离子源(GC-NCI-MS)检测了11种PBDEs.结果表明,电子垃圾拆解造成了比较严重的PBDEs污染,三溴~十溴联苯醚的浓度范围为51.1~2685 pg·m-3(平均值830 pg·m-3),而对照区由于制衣行业的影响也造成了一定程度的PBDEs污染,三溴~十溴联苯醚的浓度范围为1.00~98.9 pg·m-3(平均值28.7 pg·m-3).在气/固分布的研究中发现,不同的PBDEs在气相和颗粒相的分布比例相差很大,从低溴至高溴PBDEs在气相中的比例呈降低趋势,而在颗粒相中的比例呈上升趋势.电子垃圾拆解区以五溴-联苯醚污染为主,占∑11PBDEs总量的54.3%;而十溴-联苯醚污染次之,占∑11PBDEs总量的23.8%,该污染特征进一步证实了该地区电子垃圾的来源,不仅来自亚洲国家,而且还来自欧美等国家. 相似文献
11.
Guocheng Hu Zhencheng Xu Jiayin Dai Bixian Mai Hong Cao Jianshe Wang Zhimin Shi Muqi Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(12):1833-1839
Nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river (Fuhe River) in North China were
analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE). The concentrations of PBDEs and
DBDPE in sediments ranged from 5.5 to 300.7 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 1.1 to 68.2 ng/g dw, respectively. Their levels in sediments in
Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake. Compared to data from other regions, the PBDE levels in surface
sediments from Baiyangdian Lake and Fuhe River were in the medium to lower range. Among the PBDE congeners, BDE209 was
predominant, with contributions to the total PBDEs ranging from 79.4% to 97.3% in sediment samples. For the lowly brominated
congeners (tri- to hepta-BDE), BDE47 and BDE99 were the most abundant, which contributed 52.1% and 44.1% to the sum of
tri- to hepta-BDEs in the sediments from Baiyangdian Lake and Fuhe River, respectively. The compositional patterns of PBDEs in
Baiyangdian Lake sediments indicated that technical deca-BDE mixture was the major pollutant sources with a minor contribution
of penta-BDE mixture. The present study suggested that the importance of Fuhe River as a possibly potential sources of PBDEs
contamination in Baiyangdian Lake. 相似文献
12.
多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)作为一种良好的溴系阻燃剂被大量地添加到工业产品中,随着产品的使用、回收和废弃处理会进入各种环境介质中,是一类分布十分广泛的持久性有机污染物.PBDEs的衍生物羟基化多溴联苯醚(hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers,OH-PBDEs)和甲氧基化多溴联苯醚(methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers,MeO-PBDEs),由于具有比母体化合物更大的毒性效应和更复杂的环境行为也受到人们广泛关注.通过对PBDEs及其衍生物在土壤中的分布特征、转化规律及生物效应研究的最新进展进行综述发现,PBDEs在土壤中的分布浓度随离工业区距离增加而减小,且大多数污染地区土壤中以高溴代PBDEs为主,偏远地区土壤中则以低溴代PBDEs为主.进入土壤的PBDEs在动物、植物体内及微生物作用下均可发生脱溴代谢转化产生低溴代PBDEs,也可发生羟基化生成OH-PBDEs和甲氧基化生成MeO-PBDEs,与此同时,OH-PBDEs和MeO-PBDEs之间也会发生相互转化.PBDEs及其衍生物作为一种环境内分泌的干扰物对大部分的植物、动物都有显著的毒性效应,对植物而言能够抑制植物种子萌发、幼苗生长、损伤细胞结构以及影响植物代谢活动等;对动物而言能够影响动物的内分泌功能、妨碍动物生殖系统的发育以及对神经系统产生毒性等.目前,关于PBDEs及其衍生物在土壤生态系统中环境化学行为和生态毒性的报道十分有限,探讨土壤中PBDEs的代谢转化过程和毒性效应可为全面深刻地认识PBDEs的环境行为和潜在生态风险提供科学参考. 相似文献
13.
海洋生物样品中多溴联苯醚和多溴联苯的分析研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
将气相色谱-负离子化学源/质谱法(GC-NCI/MS)应用于分析海洋生物中五种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和五种多溴联苯(PBBs)残留.样品以正己烷/丙酮(1:l,v/v)作为提取剂,采用超声萃取法,提取液经酸性硅胶和中性硅胶层析柱净化和正己烷洗脱后,以PCB-103为内标物和GC-NCI/M的选择离子监测方式(SIM)... 相似文献
14.
15.
采集了珠江三角洲地区103名成年男性的血液和精液样本,运用冷冻干燥-ASE萃取-GC-MS方法测定了血液中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)含量,并按照WHO的精子质量检测标准及仪器操作规范检测精液质量,分析了血液中PBDEs与男性精液质量之间的相关性,同时,探讨了不同因素与血液中PBDEs含量之间的关系.结果表明,不同年龄对血液中PBDEs含量的影响未呈现一致的趋势,除BDE-47外,不同体重指数(BMI)人群组单个PBDEs含量差异不显著,吸烟者血液中PBDEs含量高于不吸烟者,饮酒者和不饮酒者则与之相反,随着学历升高,PBDEs含量水平未有递增或递减的一致规律;BDE-153、BDE-154和BDE-183含量与精液浓度显著负相关,而PBDEs与精子活动性不相关.因此,血液中PBDEs含量与珠江三角洲地区男性精液质量无显著相关性. 相似文献
16.
17.
加速溶剂萃取-气质联用同步测定土壤中17组分多溴二苯醚 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
建立了加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(ASE-GC/MS)同步定量分析土壤中17组分多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)的方法.选用正己烷和二氯甲烷混合液(体积比为1∶1)为萃取剂,样品经加速溶剂萃取后由氧化铝复合硅胶柱净化,气相色谱-负化学源-质谱法测定.结果表明:在32 min内,包括高溴代二苯醚在内的17组分PBDEs同族体在同一较短毛细管色谱柱上得到了较好的分离.该方法中BDE209的回收率为80.80%,其余BDE的回收率为86.39%~103.19%;BDE209的方法检出限为198.33 pg/g,其他16组分PBDEs同族体的方法检出限为0.85~114.33 pg/g.该方法检测土壤中多组分PBDEs的灵敏度高、重现性和回收率良好,可用于土壤样品PBDEs的分析. 相似文献
18.
多溴联苯醚在电子废弃物拆卸地沉积物中的垂直分布 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
采用气相色谱质谱联用仪对采自清远电子废弃物拆卸地水库钻孔沉积物中的多溴联苯(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)进行了分析,调查其在沉积物中的垂直分布.结果表明,PBDEs在所有的样品中均检出,含量为0.43~141 ng/g,平均为9.26 ng/g.PBDEs在下层(16 cm以下)沉积物中含量较低、变化很小(0.43~2.30 ng/g),但在上层沉积物中含量明显增加(2.90~141 ng/g),反映了当地电子废弃物拆卸活动的影响;3种工业源的PBDEs,即五溴、八溴和十溴PBDEs,表现出相似的垂向分布趋势,说明其来源的一致性.其中,十溴PBDEs是最主要的PBDEs,平均占所有PBDEs的79.6%,其次是五溴PBDEs(14.7%),而八溴PBDEs所占比例最低(5.69%).3种PBDEs的组成模式显示,它们与相应的工业品PBDEs组成都有一定差异,可能因其降解行为不同所致.一些PBDE的同族体组成在沉积钻孔的垂直变化也进一步说明高溴代PBDE在沉积物的埋藏期间可能发生了降解,虽然还需要进一步研究证实. 相似文献
19.
为了分析市政垃圾焚烧发电厂PBDEs(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,多溴联苯醚)排放对周边环境的影响,于2012年8—9月,在哈尔滨2座市政垃圾焚烧发电厂周边共采集20个表层(0~10 cm)土壤样品,分析土壤中PBDEs的污染特征及其来源. 结果表明:垃圾焚烧发电厂周边土壤中w(∑12PBDEs)(12种PBDEs的质量分数之和)为5.32~169 ng/g(以干质量计,下同),平均值为62.9 ng/g;PBDEs的主要组分为BDE-209,w(BDE-209)为5.18~169 ng/g,占w(∑12PBDEs)的95%以上;w(∑12PBDEs)显著高于2006年哈尔滨市区污染土壤值,二者相差1~2个数量级. 由于垃圾处理年限和处理量差异较大,垃圾焚烧发电厂A周边土壤中w(PBDEs)显著高于垃圾焚烧发电厂B. 与国内其他用地类型污染土壤相比,垃圾焚烧发电厂周边土壤中PBDEs处于中度污染水平. 主成分分析结果显示,PBDEs主要来源于商用十溴联苯醚及其降解物和商用五溴联苯醚. 相似文献