强化环境管理创造优美环境

我厂是1957年投产的以生产5万至69万千瓦电站锅炉为主导产品的国家大型骨干企业。开展环境保护工作二十多年来,我厂以认真贯彻“保护环境是我国的一项基本国策”为宗旨,坚持环境保护与经济建设协调发展的方针,加强环境综合整治,强化环境管理,使环境质量不断得到改善。1990年与1985年相比,主导产品产量增长了96.7%,而主要污染物COD排放量减少了30.6%,污染物排放达标率     

加强环境监理与强化环境管理

加强环境行政执法是我国当前环境法制建设的重点,实施环境监理是具体直接的环境执法行为,也是强化环境管理的重要内容之一。加强环境监理工作,可以使环保工作走上法制化的轨道     

强化环境管理搞好文明生产

攀钢是大型钢铁联合企业,生产连续性强,物耗量高,工业“三废”排放量大。据统计,厂区平均每天排放废水5.1万立方米、废气8216万标立方米、废渣6565吨。面对如此巨大的工业废弃物,如何进行工业环境的综合治理,不仅是企业自身生存和发展的需要,也是关系到整个社会环境保护的大问题。一、转变观念,把环保工作纳入企业管理的重要内容。为彻底改变攀钢环保工作的落后状况,公司组织有关人员开展了较大规模的环保调查摸底和方案制定工作。通过调查分析,找出了过去环保工作存     

强化管理 综合整治乡镇环境

地处长江之滨的浒浦镇是常熟市10大建制镇之一,也是常熟市最大的对外港口。多年来,浒浦镇在发展经济的同时,重视环境综合整治,实现了经济建设、城乡建设和环境建设同步发展的目标。近年间联合国世界环境卫生组织(WHO)曾二次派专家来该镇考察工业卫生,均给该镇以好评。1987年9月美国电视台又来该镇拍摄了《市镇建设和工业环境》电视片。该镇在经济建设中注重环境保护、重视环境综合整治的主要作法是:     

市场经济要求依法强化环境管理

论文根据可持续发展战略的要求,提出了市场经济要求强化环境管理的建议和对策。     

强化环境管理开创矿山环境保护新局面

冶金部重点金属矿山——广西龙头锰矿,1965年建矿,是一个以采矿、选矿、冶炼、化工、机械(焊接材料)等行业为主的综合性企业,现有固定资产2105.07万元,年产值达718.22万元,在生产发展的同时,该矿的环境保护工作也随之迅速发展,特别是八十年代后期发展更快,主要体现在以下几个方面:一、土地复垦建矿初期,广西龙头锰矿遍采露头氧化锰矿,至使矿区的土地沟沟坎坎,参差不齐,这样很难种上农作物.为此,他们采用了尾矿回填法,将尾矿倒入采空区,再用推土机整平.共计整平土地54000平方     

从外部不经济性剖析环境问题

外部不经济性是日益严重的环境问题的经济根源。本文分析了产生外部不经济性的原因,在此基础上,提出了将外部不经济性内部化的具体措施。     

加强环境管理 促进经济发展

本文论述了环境管理与经济发展的辨证关系；指出环境管理的的核心是使经济环境协调发展，环境管理必须遵从生态规律和经济规律，并提出了在改革中加强环境管理促进经济发展的措施。     

Environmental implications for disaster preparedness: lessons learnt from the Indian Ocean Tsunami

The impact of disasters, whether natural or man-made, not only has human dimensions, but environmental ones as well. Environmental conditions may exacerbate the impact of a disaster, and vice versa, disasters tend to have an impact on the environment. Deforestation, forest management practices, or agriculture systems can worsen the negative environmental impacts of a storm or typhoon, leading to landslides, flooding, silting, and ground/surface water contamination. We have only now come to understand these cyclical causes and impacts and realize that taking care of our natural resources and managing them wisely not only assures that future generations will be able to live in sustainable ways, but also reduces the risks that natural and man-made hazards pose to people living today. Emphasizing and reinforcing the centrality of environmental concerns in disaster management has become a critical priority, requiring the sound management of natural resources as a tool to prevent disasters and lessen their impacts on people, their homes, and livelihoods. As the horrors of the Asian tsunami of December 2004 continue to be evaluated, and people in the region slowly attempt to build a semblance of normalcy, we have to look to the lessons learnt from the tsunami disaster as an opportunity to prepare ourselves better for future disasters. This article focuses on findings and lessons learnt on the environmental aspects of the tsunami, and its implications on disaster preparedness plans. This article essentially emphasizes the cyclical interrelations between environments and disasters, by studying the findings and assessments of the recent Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that struck on 26 December 2004. It specifically looks at four key affected countries - Maldives, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Thailand.     

Environmental impact assessment: An international evaluation

Experiences with environmental impact assessment (EIA) in a number of countries are discussed in the light of both explicit and implicit goals and objectives. Adequate environmental information is not always available to decision makers because of failure to apply EIA to all relevant decisions, the continuing inadequacies of prediction and evaluation techniques, the failure to consider alternatives adequately, and the bias of some EISs. EIA frequently results in changes to proposals and may result in stricter environmental management conditions in some cases, but some people regard it as a failure because it has not stopped development. Generally, EIA leads to better integration of environmental factors into project planning. Open procedures and freedom of information encourage responsiveness to EIA procedures, which can be weakened by discretionary powers and lack of access to the courts by public interest groups. However, legal standing may have side effects that offset its advantages. EIA can encourage cooperation and coordination between agencies but does not ensure them. Similarly, it can have a limited role in coordinating interstate and international policies. In the long term, the success of EIA depends on adequate monitoring, reassessment, and enforcement over the life of the project. EIA has generally opened up new opportunities for public participation, and may help to reduce conflict. EIA procedures need to be integrated with other environmental protection and development control programs, and various means exist for reducing its cost to developers and the public.     

Evaluation of Environmental Aspects Significance in ISO 14001

The methodological framework set by standards ISO 14001 and ISO 14004 gives only general principles for environmental aspects assessment, which is regarded as one of the most critical stages of implementing environmental management system. In Estonia, about 100 organizations have been certified to the ISO 14001. Experience obtained from numerous companies has demonstrated that limited transparency and reproducibility of the assessment process serves as a common shortcoming. Despite rather complicated assessment schemes sometimes used, the evaluation procedures have been largely based on subjective judgments because of ill-defined and inadequate assessment criteria. A comparison with some similar studies in other countries indicates a general nature of observed inconsistencies. The diversity of approaches to the aspects’ assessment in concept literature and to the related problems has been discussed. The general structure of basic assessment criteria, compatible with environmental impact assessment and environmental risk analysis has also been outlined. Based on this general structure, the article presents a tiered approach to help organize the assessment in a more consistent manner.     

Environmental accounting for waste management: A study of local governments in Australia

Local governments in Australia, especially in large urban areas, have faced a challenge of the growing quantity of waste generated and the diminishing space for waste disposal in recent years. The central government has demonstrated the importance of developing strategies to make full environmental costs and impacts of waste disposal and material recovery accountable for waste management decision-making. However, research into this field is limited. This paper investigates environmental accounting practices in local government waste management. From a survey conducted with local government authorities in New South Wales (NSW) Australia, it is found that overall the level of direct waste flow and activity accounting is higher than the level of hidden and external environmental cost accounting, though local governments tend to identify and use more physical information associated with waste flows and activities than relevant monetary information. External environmental impacts of waste disposal are often overlooked and show the lowest level of practices. The survey results also indicate that urban local governments have taken more environmental information into account than rural local governments, but such difference is not significant between local governments of different sizes. The complexity of waste technical services and operations is confirmed to have a positive and significant effect on the level of environmental accounting for waste management across local governments surveyed.     

旅游区环境问题及对策

本文首先着重分析了旅游区近年来普遍存在的较突出的环境问题及其产生的根本原因和特点,分析了这些环境问题对旅游区发展产生的不良影响,有针对地提出了一系列解决环境问题、改善环境质量的措施,以期对环境资源的进一步开发利用和保证旅游业健康持续发展有所帮助。     

ISO 14 001 at the farm level: analysis of five methods for evaluating the environmental impact of agricultural practices

Faced with society's increasing expectations, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) review considers environmental management to be an ever more critical criterion in the allocation of farm subsidies. With the goal of evaluating the environmental friendliness of farm practices, France's agricultural research and extension services have built a range of agricultural/environmental diagnostic tools over recent years. The objective of the present paper is to compare the five tools most frequently used in France: IDEA, DIAGE, DIALECTE, DIALOGUE and INDIGO. All the tools have the same purpose: evaluation of the impact of farm practices on the environment via indicators and monitoring of farm management practices. When tested on a sample of large-scale farms in Picardie, the five tools sometimes produced completely different results: for a given farm, the most supposedly significant environmental impacts depend on the tool used. These results lead to differing environmental management plans and raise the question of the methods' pertinence. An analysis grid of diagnostic tools aimed at specifying their field of validity, limits and relevance was drawn up. The resulting comparative analysis enables to define each tool's domain of validity and allows to suggest lines of thought for developing more relevant tools for (i) evaluating a farm's environmental performance and (ii) helping farmers to develop a plan for improving practices within the framework of an environmental management system.     

Exploring trends, sources, and causes of environmental funding: a study of Florida counties

Florida is one of the largest spenders on the environment in the U.S. Employing a database from Florida counties, this study examines two distinct environmental funding areas in government: funding to protect the environment, and funding to develop the environment. These two types of funding serve different purposes, support different activities and operations, and draw from different revenue sources. The results show that environmental funding in government is a response to the environmental pressure generated by economic activities and population growth. Counties with a higher level of manufacturing and farming activity spend more to protect the environment, while counties with higher population densities spend more to develop the environment. Moreover, counties with more funding for public safety and economic development activities spend less on the environment, indicating that environmental funding is influenced by the political processes in public budgeting in which diversified interests compete for resources. These results show that environmental spending in government is the result of combined forces arising from environmental pressure and budgetary politics.     

Culture and the environment in Ghana

The traditional culture of Ghana stressed a strong relationship with the environment, and a culturally acceptable environmental management resulted from strictures and taboos related to the land. Following its independence in 1957, Ghana has enacted laws that reflect an enlightened environmental policy. These are especially important because of the difficulties Ghana has had in its economic development using Western technology that has damaged the fragile tropical ecosystem. A key aspect of Ghana's policy is the attempt to marry scientific knowledge and traditional beliefs for environmentally sound management of Ghana's resources.