人工湿地系统植物床内CODcr动态变化规律探讨

人工湿地处理污水系统植物床内各监测点的上、下层 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ值虽有一定的差别,但经过成对平均数比较分析发现这种差别并未形成明显的趋势。污水在植物床基质中流动时,随着迁移距离的延长,其中的 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ的降解速率呈现先快后慢的趋势,根据形成的动态变化曲线,建立了 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ在植物床内沿程动态变化模型： Ｃ Ｌ＝ Ｃｏｅｘｐ（４６２９×１０－ ５ Ｌ２－ ００１５６７ Ｌ,０≤ Ｌ≤１００）。经验证,模型预测值与实际监测值呈非常显著相关（ｄｆ＝ ４,ｒ≥０９９４６＞ ｒ００００５（４）,ｒ００００５（４）＝ ０９７４１）。     

UASB处理酒精废液颗粒污泥形成过程与运行效果的研究

本试验采中中温ＵＡＳＢ反应器处理酒精废液，通过启动、运行、颗粒污泥不同时期形成过程的探索，成功地培养出了颗粒污泥，取得了有机负荷高达１３－２２ｇＣＯＤ／ｌ．ｄ，ＨＲＴ１５．６－２２．３ｈｒ，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达８３．９－９２．２％，沼气产气率５．１－８．７１／ｌ．ｄ，ＣＨ４含量５５－７２％的良好效果。     

UASB—Fe反应器处理城市污水中试研究

本文对ＵＡＳＢ－Ｆｅ装置处理城市污水进行了中试研究，结果表明，当厌氧ＨＲＴ３－４小时，进水浓度总ＣＯＤｃｒ为２４１．２－４０２．３ｍｇ／ｌ，溶ＢＯＤ５为８０．６－１３６．８ｍｇ／ｌ，ＳＳ为１７０．８－１８９．８ｍｇ／ｌ时，其平均去除率依次为４２．１－５６．６％，６４．０－３９．８％和７２．９－６５．４％。讨论了厌氧ＨＲＴ，进水浓度，温度等因子对厌氧处理效果的影响情况。浅析了铁填料层在城市污水处理中     

混合化工污水处理工艺的试验研究

本文介绍了利用混凝沉淀一生物接触氧化法治理混合化工污水的试验工艺选择,对生化进水的预处理工作进行了初步的探索,在生化试验中,研究了水力停留时间和有机负荷对污水处理效果的影响,并观察了微生物的生长和发展规律,初步探讨了其动力学模型,试验证明：本法能有效地处理混合化工污水,在适宜的条件下,ＣＯＤｃｒ、ＢＯＤ５的去除率可达５５％和９０％以上,色度和ＳＳ的去除率分别可达８０％和５０％以上。     

人工湿地植物处理污水的试验研究

为了选择适合在中国四川地区生长的湿地植物，作者在四川省成都市１９９３年１０月２日－１１月１９日的深秋季节进行了湿地系统处理模拟污水的盆栽静态试验，以研究多种湿地植物在自然环境条件下对污染物的去除情况。试验发现，灯蕊草，芦苇，菖蒲这三种植物在１４天内均能去除模拟水样中的ＣＯＤｃｒ，其中，芦苇的去除率为３８％，菖蒲的去除率为４１％，灯蕊草的去除率为４２～４６％。这三种植物同时也能污水的ｐＨ从３．５调节     

Super—CM利水净处理生活污水的试验研究

Ｓｕｐｅｒ－ＣＭ利水净是利用ＭＡＢ技术研究成功的一种用于治理水污染的新产品。本文介绍了Ｓｕｐｅｒ－ＣＭ利水净结合活性污泥法处理生活污水的一则现场试验案例。试验结果表明,在活性污泥法中加入Ｓｕｐｅｒ－ＣＭ利水净能够有效的提高污水处理能力,在试验后期进水增加３０％的情况下,ＣＯＤ、ＳＳ的平均去除率仍然分别提高了８．７％、４．１％。     

A/O~2法在炼油污水处理中的应用

为探索Ａ／Ｏ２（厌氧Ａｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃ／好氧Ｏｘｉｃ／好氧Ｏｘｉｃ）法在处理炼油污水中的应用,进行了Ａ／Ｏ２法中型试验,验证ＮＨ３－Ｎ容积负荷与去除率之间的关系,以及溶解氧、含油量对处理效果的影响等几项内容。Ａ／Ｏ２法应用于炼油污水的处理是可行的,对ＣＯＤ、ＮＨ３－Ｎ、油、酚、ＳＳ等有很好的处理效果。将Ａ／Ｏ２法应用于济南炼油厂,各构筑物运转正常,处理效果很好,完全达到国家排放标准。Ａ／Ｏ２用来处理炼油污水,工艺可行、技术先进、经济合理,不仅对ＣＯＤ、氨氮去除率高,对其它排放指标去除率都很高。实践证明Ａ／Ｏ２法用来处理炼油污水是完全可行的,济南炼厂污水处理的成功经验值得推广。     

AAS与ICP—AES间接测定天然水中硫酸盐

本文以ＳＯ４＾２－与过量Ｂａ＾２＋形成ＢａＳＯ４沉淀反应为基础，较详细地讨论了反应条件，从而拟定了用ＡＡＳ和ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ间接测定天然水中ＳＯ４＾２－的方法、确定了方法的精密度，ＡＡＳ法的ＲＳＤ％为１．５，ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法为３．２， 两种方法对比分析的结果接近，误差为１．０％（相对）。用于天然水中ＳＯ４＾２－的测定，获得满意的结果。     

新型防锈、防垢、防污水处理器－ION－CLEAN

新型防锈、防垢、防污水处理器一ＩＯＮ一ＣＬＥＡＮＮｃｗＡｎｔｉ－Ｒｕｓｔ．Ａｎｈ－ＳｃａｌｅａｎｄＡｎｔｉ－ＳｅｗａｔｅＤｅｖｉｓｅ－Ｄｅｖｉｃｅ－ＩＯＮ－ＣＬＥＡＮ日本ＳＶＮ－ＷＡＲＤ公司日前在北京作了关于ＩＯＮ－ＣＬＥＡＮ水处理器的技术介绍。该处...     

一种新型生态接触床技术净化污水效果研究

通过构建新型生态接触床,利用植物与微生物的共同作用来净化污水,研究其净化效果。浅层人工湿地上种植水生植物水芹、菖蒲和花叶芦竹,同时设置无植物对照组,分析其在春夏季和秋冬季对污水中总氮、总磷和有机物的去除率。主要结论如下:生态接触床在春夏季TN、TP的去除率可以达到60%以上,对高锰酸盐指数的去除率可以达到50%以上;秋冬季对TN、TP和高锰酸盐指数的去除率均可以达到60%以上。本研究采用的并联组合工艺可以节省用地,达到与串联组合工艺相当的去除效果。     

Nutrient processing capacity of a constructed wetland in western Ireland

In Ireland, constructed wetland systems are increasingly being used to perform tertiary treatment on municipal waste effluent from small towns and villages located in areas whose receiving waters are deemed sensitive. The bedrock formation in the west of Ireland is primarily karst limestone and where the overburden-soil cover is very shallow, such waters are highly sensitive to pollution sources, as little or no natural attenuation and/or treatment will occur. Constructed wetland technology has been seen to offer a relatively low-cost alternative to the more conventional tertiary treatment technologies, particularly when dealing with low population numbers in small rural communities. This paper examines the waste treatment performance, in terms of nutrient (P and N) reduction, of a recently constructed surface-flow wetland system at Williamstown, County Galway, Ireland. Performance evaluation is based on more than two years of water quality and hydrological monitoring data. The N and P mass balances for the wetland indicate that the average percentage reduction over the two-year study period is 51% for total N and 13% for total P. The primary treatment process in the wetland system for suspended solids (between 84 and 90% reduction), biological oxygen demand (BOD) (on average, 49% reduction), N, and P is the physical settlement of the particulates. However, the formation of algal bloom during the growing season reduces the efficiency of the total P removal.     

组合人工湿地对化工园区尾水COD的去除及其模拟

采用组合人工湿地中试试验对工业园区污水厂尾水进行处理,研究了3种不同的水力负荷(10cm/d,20cm/d和25cm/d)下COD的去除,并用一级动力学模型对组合人工湿地及其各个湿地单元的COD的去除进行了模拟。结果表明组合人工湿地对COD的去除受水力负荷影响有限,去除率基本都在60%以上,系统出水COD浓度在40mg/L以下,并且夏季的去除效果最佳。对数学模拟的结果进行分析,发现一、二级潜流湿地对COD去除贡献较大,另外组合人工湿地系统对COD的去除效果也优于单个的湿地。系统最终出水中的COD模拟结果和实测值相接近,说明基于一级动力学模型的组合人工湿地数学模拟对实际运行有指导意义。     

Nutrient removal in a pilot and full scale constructed wetland, Putrajaya city, Malaysia

Putrajaya Wetlands in Malaysia, a 200ha constructed wetland system consisting of 24 cells, was created in 1997-1998 to treat surface runoff caused by development and agricultural activities from an upstream catchment before entering Putrajaya Lake (400ha). It was designed for stormwater treatment, flood control and amenity use. The water quality improvement performance of a section of the wetland cells is described. The nutrient removal performance was 82.11% for total nitrogen, 70.73% for nitrate-nitrogen and 84.32% for phosphate, respectively, along six wetland cells from Upper North UN6 to UN1 from April to December 2004. Nutrient removal in pilot scale tank systems, simulating a constructed wetland and planted with examples of common species at Putrajaya, the Common Reed Phragmites karka and Tube Sedge Lepironia articulata, and the capacity of these species to retain nutrients in above and below-ground plant biomass and substrate is reported. The uptake of nutrients by the Common Reed and Tube Sedge from the pilot tank system was 42.1% TKN; 28.9% P and 17.4% TKN; 26.1% P, respectively. The nutrient uptake efficiency of the Common Reed was higher in above-ground than in below-ground tissue. The results have implications for plant species selection in the design of constructed wetlands in Malaysia and for optimizing the performance of these systems.     

人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计研究

本文阐述了人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计的主要内容及存在的若干问题，提出了开展人工湿地工艺设计研究的一些设想。人工湿地工艺设计研究包括人工湿地基质构建、植物群落构建和人工湿地构造与工程参数三个方面。目前，由于在污染物净化机理、系统水力学和污染物降解动力学等方面认识不足，制约了人工湿地工艺设计水平的提高，因此，深入研究污染物净化机理、开展人工湿地基质与植物筛选与组合研究、创建适合植物生长的人工生境、优化水力学模型和污染物降解动力学模型．将有利于提高人工湿地工艺设计水平。     

高校人工湿地系统的规划设计——以福建工程学院新校区为例

人工湿地处理技术具有投资低、出水水质好、耗能低、抗冲击力强、操作简单和运行费用低等优点。本文阐述了人工湿地系统应用于高校生活污水回收利用的意义,以福建工程学院新校区的北校区为例,利用前期在福州大学模拟人工湿地系统处理生活污水的实验数据,规划设计人工湿地系统,计算确定相关设施的面积和尺寸,并对人工湿地系统进行平面布置,绘制出系统流程的剖面图。     

人工湿地处理系统的运行管理与维护

人工湿地作为一种新型的处理技术，在水环境保护中具有重要的意义和广阔的应用前最。随着人工湿地处理工程数量的增多，迫切地需要建立科学的管理制度和维护方法，以充分发挥其美化水环境和提升人文环境的双重作用。本文对人工湿地处理系统中水位控制、进出水装置维护、护堤维护、植物管理、气味控制、蚊蝇控制和野生动物管理等方面进行了分析探讨，系统论述了人工湿地处理系统在运行管理和维护中需要考虑的主要事项。对将来建立完善的人工湿地处理系统的管理体系具有一定的借鉴意义。     

潜流人工湿地在景观水系水质维持中的应用

以上海金地格林世界高尔夫公园生态景观水体水质维持系统工程为例,探讨了建立以FILSYS潜流人工湿地工艺为核心的住宅区生态景观水体水质维持系统,以及FLSYS潜流人工湿地工艺的应用特点和效果,并对其经济效益进行了分析。     

人工湿地污水处理技术在我国的发展研究

人工湿地作为近20年来发展起来的一种传统污水处理技术的一种廉价的替代方案，越来越受到世界各国的普遍重视。与传统的污水处理法相比具有基建、运行费用低，操作与维护简单等优点。这项技术适合我国国情，尤其适合广大农村、中小城市的污水处理。本文总结了人工湿地系统的研究现状，并对其未来的应用前景做出了展望。     

人工湿地技术在农村生活污水综合治理中的应用探讨

农村生活污水具有浓度低、成分复杂、生化性高的特点,以豫南某村人工湿地工程为例,介绍人工湿地组合工艺处理农村生活污水,并对污染负荷、湿地床结构、基质材料及植被选择、水力条件等设计参数进行分析。结果表明,人工湿地系统能够有效处理农村生活污水,操作管理简单,在我国农村具有很强的推广意义。     

Removal and distribution of iron, manganese, cobalt, and nickel within a Pennsylvania constructed wetland treating coal combustion by-product leachate

A flow-through wetland treatment system was constructed to treat coal combustion by-product leachate from an electrical power station at Springdale, Pennsylvania. In a nine-compartment treatment system, four cattail (Typha latifolia L.) wetland cells (designated Cells 1 through 4) successfully removed iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) from the inlet water; Fe and Mn concentrations were decreased by an average of 91% in the first year (May 1996-May 1997), and by 94 and 98% in the second year (July 1997-June 1998), respectively. Cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) were decreased by an average of 39 and 47% in the first year, and 98 and 63% in the second year, respectively. Most of the metal removed by the wetland cells was accumulated in sediments, which constituted the largest sink. Except for Fe, metal concentrations in the sediments tended to be greater in the top 5 cm of sediment than in the 5- to 10- or 10- to 15-cm layers, and in Cell 1 than in Cells 2, 3, and 4. Plants constituted a much smaller sink for metals; only 0.91, 4.18, 0.19, and 0.38% of the Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni were accumulated annually in the aboveground tissues of cattail, respectively. A greater proportion of each metal (except Mn) was accumulated in cattail fallen litter and submerged Chara (a macroalga) tissues, that is, 2.81, 2.75, and 1.05% for Fe, Co, and Ni, respectively. Considerably higher concentrations of metals were associated with cattail roots than shoots, although Mn was a notable exception.