生态文明建设与区域经济的可持续发展——评《区域战略:生态文明与经济发展》

正《区域战略:生态文明与经济发展》在分析了发展低碳经济与新型工业化必要性的基础上,立足于经济学、管理学以及生态学等多个角度,阐述了低碳经济与新型工业化发展的相关概念与理论,通过大量翔实的数据、丰富的内容,有力地论证了发展低碳经济与新型工业化,实现区域生态安全,转变粗放经济发展模式的必要性、实际性以及有效性。《区域战略:生态文明与经济发展》一书提出,生态文明建设是国民经济实现可持续发展的路径。生态文明建设与国民经济之间的关系     

财政部:政策落实推进生态文明建设

<正>从国家财政部获悉,党的十八大作出了推动生态文明建设的战略部署,提出绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展。十八届三中全会通过了《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》,把生态文明建设作为重要内容提到了新的历史高度。循环经济本质是生态经济,是破解经济发展和资源环境约束矛盾的唯一出路,是推动生态文明建设的重要途径。中央财政贯彻落实党中央、国务院部署,不断完善财税政策,多渠道加大资金投入,形成了一系     

生态文明建设思想与高校思政教育的共融性分析

<正>生态文明建设在当前新时代建设中处于重要地位，与经济发展各环节、各领域衔接配套。在此背景下，实现生态文明思想建设与高校思想政治教育之间的共融性对培养高素质人才具有重要意义。由钱易、温宗国编写，中国环境出版集团出版的《新时代生态文明建设总论》一书，重点阐述当前生态文明建设中所产生的问题以及疑惑，深化了当前人民群众对大力加强生态文明建设重要性的理解，该书的出版既对当前新时代生态教育领域改革发展起到指南的作用，也对当前生态文明建设中相关政策以及规章制度的建立起到促进作用。     

生态文明教育在科技馆展览设计中的实践——以中国科技馆"地球"展厅为例

2018年7月,教育部学校规划建设发展中心发布的 《创建中国绿色学校倡议书》指出:强化生态文明教育,将绿色、循环、低碳理念融入教育全过程,加强相关国情与世情教育,普及生态文明法律法规和科学知识.2021年生态环境部、中央宣传部等六部门发布《"美丽中国,我是行动者"提升公民生态文明意识行动计划(2021—2025年)》,...     

推动绿色循环低碳发展 加快国民经济绿色化进程

《中共中央国务院关于加快推进生态文明建设的意见》明确把"绿色化"纳入我国现代化推进战略中,并将绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展作为建设生态文明的基本途径。文章提出了绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展内涵,并从加快推动生产方式绿色化、城镇建设绿色化、生活方式绿色化三个方面,给出了构建节约资源保护环境产业体系、推动绿色城镇化、培育绿色消费模式的对策建议,为深化改革、建立起系统完整的生态文明制度体系和法治体系提供借鉴。     

“四大体系”全面打造全国生态文明示范市

长期以来,韶关市委、市政府高度重视生态文明建设,特别是2008年5月韶关市被国家环境保护部列为全国生态文明建设试点地区后,市委、市政府以此为新的起点,进一步把生态文明建设摆在更加突出的战略位置,采取了一系列有效措施加强生态文明建设。在全市开展了生态文明建设专题调研,积极探索生态文明建设的新途径、新举措、新机制,作出了《关于加强生态文明建设的决定》,编制了《韶关市生态文明建设规划》和《韶关市生态文明建设行动计划》,     

科学擘画美丽中国的广东蓝图 ——《广东省生态环境保护"十四五"规划》解读之二

<正>广东省作为我国全面建设社会主义现代化新征程中的“排头兵”,坚持立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局,紧紧围绕建设美丽广东的宏伟蓝图,推动全省生态环境保护和绿色低碳发展走在全国前列。近日,广东省生态环境厅印发了《广东省生态环境保护“十四五”规划》（以下简称《规划》）。《规划》全面贯彻习近平总书记对广东系列重要讲话和重要指示批示精神,深入践行习近平生态文明思想,对奋力开创广东生态环境保护新局面,全面推动广东生态文明建设取得新进步具有重要的指导意义。     

探索浦东生态文明建设新路

胡锦涛总书记在中国共产党十七大《报告》中,提出了“生态文明”的科学理念和建设任务。建设生态文明,是党和国家做出的重大战略决策,是时代的要求、历史的必然、人民的期望,对转变经济发展方式,解决环境污染,实现节能减排,促进人与自然和谐,具有十分重要的作用。     

改革生态环境保护管理体制

正《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)提出,紧紧围绕建设美丽中国深化生态文明体制改革,加快建立生态文明制度,健全国土空间开发、资源节约利用、生态环境保护的体制机制,并对改革生态环境保护管理体制作出了具体部署。这对于进一步加强生态环境保护、大力推进生态文明建设具有重大作用。     

制定《生态文明建设促进法》的必要性与可行性

生态文明建设内容广泛、系统复杂,依法治国需要生态文明法律化、制度化、程序化,建设和完善生态文明法律体系需要将宪法有关生态文明理念法律化,仅靠现有的《环境保护法》不足以协调生态环境保护和社会经济发展;而生态文明建设一系列政策制度、生态环境保护法治推进、生态整体性自然规律、生态文明理论研究与地方立法实践,合力支持制定《生态文明建设促进条例》。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions

The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle.     

Alterations of organ histopathology and metallolhionein mRNA expression in silver barb, Puntius gonionotus during subchronic cadmium exposure

Common silver barb,Puntius gonionotus,exposed to the nominal concentration of 0.06 mg/L Cd for 60 d,were assessed for histopathological alterations(gills,liver and kidney),metal accumulation,and metallothionein(MT)mRNA expression.Fish exhibited pathological symptoms such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of primary and secondary gill lamellae,vacuolization in hepatocytes,and prominent tubular and glomerular damage in the kidney.In addition,kidney accumulated the highest content of cadmium,more than gills and liver.Expression of MT mRNA was increased in both liver and kidney of treated fish.Hepatic MT levels remained high after fish were removed to Cd-free water.In contrast,MT expression in kidney was peaked after 28 d of treatment and drastically dropped when fish were removed to Cd-free water.The high concentrations of Cd in hepatic tissues indicated an accumulation site or permanent damage on this tissue.     

Seed selections for crystallization of calcium phosphate for phosphorus recovery

Seed induces and promotes the crystallization of calcium phosphate, and acts as carrier of the recovered phosphorus （P）. In order to select suitable seed for P recovery from wastewater, three seeds including Apatite （AP）, Juraperle （JP） and phosphate-modified Juraperle （M-JP） were tested and compared. Batch and fixed-bed column experiments of seeded crystallization of calcium phosphate were undertaken by using synthetic wastewater with 10 mg/L P phosphate. It shows that AP has bad enduring property in the crystallization process, while JP has better performance for multiple uses, and M-JP is a hopeful seed for P recovery by crystallization of calcium phosphate.