自动固相萃取-GC/MS测定水中多环芳烃和有机氯农药

采用自动固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱技术,建立了地表水中痕量多环芳烃和有机氯农药的检测方法。调节水样pH2,加入1%甲醇,使用C18固相萃取柱富集,3 mL丙酮+3 mL二氯甲烷洗脱后浓缩定容。采用气相色谱/质谱联用的全扫描模式进行分析,选择特征离子定量,方法检出限为0.026~8.772 ng/L。加标水平为0.1μg/L时,样品加标回收率在74.8%~109%之间,RSD为0.01%~14.5%。该方法自动化程度高、快速、准确、重复性好,能满足地表水体中持久性有机污染物分析的要求。     

液质联用法测定水中六溴环十二烷和四溴双酚A

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-超高效液相色谱/三重四极杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水中六溴环十二烷和四溴双酚A的方法。过滤后的样品酸化后经C18固相萃取柱富集净化后,采用BEH C18柱,以水-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用串联质谱进行检测。4种目标化合物在相关线性范围内线性良好(r=0.997 8~0.999 4),回收率为77.2%~91.3%,相对标准偏差为8.4%~13.8%,方法检出限为0.09~0.15 ng/L。该方法快速,灵敏度高,适用于测定水体中4种溴代阻燃剂的痕量残留。     

固相萃取—气相色谱法测定海水中的666、DDT

采用固相萃取技术富集海水中的666、DDT,并使用气相色谱进行测定。主要包括不同填料(C8、C18、C18-N)、SPE柱规格(500 mg/3 mL、500 mg/6 mL)、洗脱试剂、上样流速、水样pH和洗脱试剂体积6个因素对666、DDT富集效率的影响。最终确定最优条件为:采用500 mg/6 mL C18SPE小柱,调节海水pH=6,上样流速4~5mL/min,10 mL二氯甲烷洗脱。优化后的固相萃取-气相色谱方法测定海水中666、DDT加标10 ng/L回收率为75.7%~110.4%,精密度为1.16%~4.00%,方法检出限为0.19~1.20 ng/L。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱测定地表水中5种磺胺类药物残留研究

建立了一种快速、灵敏、同时定性和定量的固相萃取(SPE)和超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)来测定地表水中5种常用磺胺类药物(SAs)残留。100 m L水样经0.45μm滤膜过滤后,利用HLB固相萃取柱来浓缩富集。色谱分离柱选用BEH C18(1.7μm,50×2.1 mm)色谱柱,流动相选用甲酸水溶液/乙腈,0.30m L/min梯度洗脱。在电喷雾-多反应监测正离子模式下,进行定量定性分析。线性范围在0.2~20 ng/m L之间,r2≥0.997。以标准加入法计算回收率和相对标准偏差,在2~10 ng/L添加浓度范围内,平均回收率在75.2%~84.6%之间,相对标准偏差在4.1%~8.6%之间,最低检测限和定量限分别为0.03 ng/L和0.05 ng/L。综合讨论了HLB萃取柱对水和废水中磺胺类药物的浓缩富集作用,探讨了几种影响浓缩富集效果的条件,优化了提取和净化方法。最后应用该方法检测哈尔滨周边地点地表水中5种磺胺类药物的残留情况。     

利用超顺磁化的MIL-53(Al)材料磁固相萃取检测环境水体中多溴联苯醚的应用研究

将吸附性能和稳定性良好的MIL-53(Al)材料与包覆有Si O2的超顺磁性材料通过超声结合,利用带有磁性的金属有机骨架材料做磁固相萃取,萃取后通过解析、浓缩并联用GC-MS/MS分析水样中的多溴联苯醚。最低检出限在0.98~8.65ng/L,定量限在2.94~28.54ng/L,并得到较好的线性相关系数R2(0.980~0.999),日间和日内的相对标准偏差分别为3.23%~7.80%和5.30%~14.15%。说明该种检测方法是可行的。     

地表水体中同时分析18种糖皮质激素方法的建立

建立了一种采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串极质谱联用系统(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定地表水体中18种糖皮质激素的高灵敏分析方法.样品经过HLB固相萃取柱富集净化、V(乙腈)/V(乙酸乙酯)=1∶1,洗脱后,用UPLC-MS/MS测定.流动相为甲醇和0.1%乙酸水溶液(体积比),采用梯度洗脱,实现了18种目标物质的基线分离,线性范围为1.0~1 000μg·L-1.实际水样的加标回收率为65%~108%.整个分析的方法检出限(MDL)除醋酸可的松和醋酸氢化可的松为10 ng·L-1外,其他均在0.10 ng·L-1和1.0 ng·L-1之间.应用此方法于北京地表水体5个样品,检测到8种糖皮质激素,浓度范围0.20~476ng·L-1,其中曲安西龙、曲安奈德、醋酸氢化可的松和丙酸氯倍他索在地表水中首次检出,证明了该方法的有效性.     

固相萃取-液相色谱法测定土壤中酚类化合物

建立了索氏提取-固相萃取-液相色谱法测定土壤中环境优先监测的6种酚类污染物监测方法。利用索氏提取和固相萃取法提取净化了土壤中6种酚类化合物,比较5种固相萃取柱萃取的效果,选择PSD固相萃取柱,优化了固相萃取条件,影响固相萃取回收率的4种因子显著性顺序为:水样p H上样速度洗脱液体积溶剂类型。最佳固相萃取条件:上样的水样p H=3,上样速度5 m L/min,洗脱溶剂为乙腈,洗脱溶剂体积是10.0 m L。酚类化合物的检出限为0.01~0.05 mg/kg,加标回收率在85.39%~105.82%之间,相对标准偏差RSD10%(n=7),该法操作方便,灵敏度高,可用于土壤中多种酚类化合物的测定。     

焦化废水中痕量苯并(a)芘的固相萃取和GC-MS检测方法

基于固相萃取(SPE)和气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC-MS),建立了一种焦化废水中痕量苯并(a)芘(BaP)的定量分析方法。BaP水样添加甲醇改性后经SPE富集净化、二氯甲烷洗脱、氮吹浓缩、二氯甲烷或乙腈定容后采用GC-MS进行定量分析。结果表明:在优化的样品前处理和分析条件下,BaP标准曲线的线性相关系数R2>0.99,方法回收率为79.6%~85.5%,方法检出限和定量限分别为4.33 ng/L和14.45 ng/L。该方法应用于内蒙古某焦化厂二级生化出水加标样品中BaP的测定,得到BaP的回收率为83.3%~89.3%,表明其灵敏度高、选择性好,适用于焦化废水中痕量BaP的定量检测。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中13种多溴联苯醚

建立水中13种多溴联苯醚(Polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)固相(solid-phase extraction,SPE)萃取-气相色谱分析方法。水样经弗罗里硅土(Florisil)固相萃取柱富集后,用2 mL正己烷和5 mL正己烷:二氯甲烷(V∶V=8∶2)进行洗脱,采用HP-5(30 m×320μm×0.25μm)毛细管柱分离,气相色谱仪(GC-uECD)检测。结果表明,在0.05、0.25、0.5μg/L3个添加水平中,13种PBDEs的平均添加回收率在67.9%~121.5%的范围内,相对标准偏差为2.5%~12.3%。其中BDE-209的平均添加回收率为67.9%~71.9%,相对标准偏差为5.2%~8.0%。BDE-209的方法检出限是1.2 ng/L;其余12种PBDEs的方法检出限是0.11~0.5 ng/L。该方法准确度较高;稳定性和回收率良好;可测定多组分PBDEs,满足环境样品中PBDEs的分析。     

污水中短长链全氟羧酸检测方法的开发

开发了弱阴离子交换柱固相萃取+高效液相色谱-负电喷雾-串联质联法[WAX-SPE+HPLC-ESI(-)-MS/MS]检测污水中碳链长度在2~14内的全氟羧酸(PFCAs).采用弱阴离子交换(WAX)柱进行固相萃取时,将污水水样用甲酸酸化至pH=3.0,并使用2%甲酸溶液作净化溶剂、1%氢氧化铵甲醇溶液作洗脱溶剂,则可使短长链PFCAs(C2~C14)均具有较高的回收率,并克服了反相固相萃取柱对短链PFCAs(C2~C5)回收率低的缺点.为了验证方法的有效性,对上海市市政污水处理厂A和B的进水进行检测,结果表明各种PFCAs的回收率分别在56%~121%和54%~120%的范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别小于11%和14%,方法检出限和定量限分别在0.2~1.0 ng/L和1.0~5.0 ng/L的范围内,这充分证明了该方法的可靠性.此外,在处理厂A和B内含量最高的PFCAs均为全氟辛酸(分别为743 ng/L和837 ng/L),其次为三氟乙酸(分别为139 ng/L和489 ng/L).     

Optimization of enrichment processes of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from water samples

The method of enriching PCP( pentachlorophenol ) from aquatic environment by solid phase extraction (SPE) was studied.Several factors affecting the recoveries of PCP, including sample pH, eluting solvent, eluting volume and flow rate of water sample, were optimized by orthogonal array design(OAD). The optimized results were sample pH 4; eluting solvent, 100% methanol; eluting solvent volume, 2 ml and flow rate of water sample, 4 ml/min. A comparison is made between SPE and liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) method. The recoveries of PCP were in the range of 87.6%-133.6% and 79%-120.3% for SPE and LLE, respectively. Important advantages of the SPE compared with the LLE include the short extraction time and reduced consumption of organic solvents. SPE can replace LLE for isolating and concentrating PCP from water samples.     

SPE-GC-MS/SIM测定水节霉发生地河水中半挥发性有机物

为测定水节霉发生地河水中ρ(SVOCs)(SVOCs为半挥发性有机物),比较了LLE(液液萃取)和SPE(固相萃取)前处理法提取加标空白水样中ρ(SVOCs)的GC-MS/SIM测定结果,确定并采用重现性好的SPE-GC-MS/SIM法测定了水节霉发生地河水中的ρ(SVOCs). 结果表明,LLE和SPE法对SVOCs的加标回收率分别为41.8%~121.5%和31.5%~124.4%,相对标准偏差分别为6.0%~18.0%和0.9%~14.5%,二者回收率相差不大,但SPE法的相对标准偏差小于LLE法,SPE法重现性较好,因此采用SPE-GC-MS/SIM法测定2011年2月水节霉发生地河水中的ρ(SVOCs),共检出29种SVOCs,其中ρ(邻苯二甲酸二乙酯)、ρ(∑PAHs)、ρ(硝基苯)、ρ(1,2-二氯苯)和ρ(1,4-二氯苯)分别为1 020.59、532.14、43.39、38.52和19.57 ng/L,均未超出GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》相关限值,表明水节霉发生地未发生SVOCs污染.      

TiO2 nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples

An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography (GC) was established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors a ecting the extraction e ciency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.01–0.8 g/mL, repeatability of the extraction (RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5) and satisfactory detection limits (0.017–0.059 ng/mL). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water (tap, river and dam) samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples.     

Determination of 4-tert-octylphenol in surface water samples of Jinan in China by solid phase extraction coupled with GC-MS

Octylphenols, considered as xenoestrogens, mainly exist as 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) in aquatic environments. The high stability and accumulation of OP in aquatic systems have caused endocrine disruption. The OP in surface water in Jinan, China was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE). Water samples were extracted by SPE on a cartridge system containing C-18 as sorbent. To increase sensitivity and selectivity, OP was derivatized to 4-tert-octyl-phenoxy silane. With the use of phenanthrene-d10 as internal standard, the detection limit based on signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 3) was 0.06 ng/mL. The average recovery was from 84.67% to 109.7%. The precision of the method given as the relative standard deviations (RSD) was within the range 6.24%-12.96%. In the target water samples, the concentrations of OP were as follows: 15.88-71.24 ng/L for Jinxiuchuan Reservoir, 3.850-26.68 ng/L for the city moat, 6.930-41.56 ng/L for Daming Lake, 66.03-474.2 ng/L for Xiaoqing River, 14.66-17.72 ng/L for the Yellow River, and 10.60-26.43 ng/L for Queshan Reservoir. The Xiaoqing River was seriously polluted due to the discharge of wastewater from Jinan. Jinxiuchuan Reservoir had a higher concentration of OP compared with the Yellow River and Queshan Reservoir, which is ascribed to the surrounding human activities. These data are reported for the first time, providing strong support for the control of OP pollution in Jinan.     

异烟酸铜磁力搅拌微固相萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中多环芳烃

建立了膜保护异烟酸铜微固相萃取的样品前处理方法,并采用气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器对土壤中的痕量荧蒽(Flt)、苯并［b］荧蒽(BbF)、苯并［k］荧蒽(BkF)、苯并［a］芘(BaP)进行了测定. 考察了水温、萃取时间和超声洗脱时间等对萃取效果的影响. 结果表明:在最佳试验条件下,Flt的检出限为1.0 ng/g;BbF,BkF和BaP的检出限为2.5 ng/g. Flt的线性范围为2.5～500.0 ng/g;BbF,BkF和BaP的线性范围均为12.5～500.0 ng/g. 相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.4%～13.7%(n9). 采用该方法分析了2种实际土壤中的4种多环芳烃,回收率为34%～90%.      

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定水体中的10种磺胺类抗生素

建立了一种采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定水体中10种磺胺类抗生素的方法.样品经自制PEP固相萃取小柱富集净化、乙腈-二氯甲烷(2∶1,体积比)洗脱后,用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器测定.检测波长λ=268 nm,柱温33℃,流动相为乙腈-0.4%乙酸/水(体积比),采用梯度洗脱程序,实现了10种待测组分的基线分离,线性范围为10～2 000μg.L-1.去离子水和实际水样的加标回收率范围分别为73.4%～95.6%和70.2%～92.5%(磺胺除外,分别为8.5%和8.0%).整个分析方法的检出限为1.42～7.25 ng.L-1.应用此方法对上海市黄浦江部分河段江水、崇明岛地表水及地下水的测定表明在这几种不同水体环境中,不同频率地检出了磺胺类药物,浓度范围为13.3～241.5 ng.L-1,从而证明该方法具有快速简便、灵敏高效等优点,可满足实际工作的需要.     

北京市城市河流中精神活性物质的污染水平及环境风险

为评价北京市城市河流地表水体中5种精神活性物质〔METH(甲基苯丙胺)、AMP(苯丙胺)、KET(氯胺酮)、EPH(麻黄碱)和HA(羟亚胺)〕的环境风险,通过对固相萃取柱(Oasis HLB、Oasis MCX、Oasis WAX和Oasis PRiME HLB)类型、水样酸化、洗脱剂类型及体积等条件的确定,建立了同时测定水环境中精神活性物质的固相萃取-液相色谱-质谱(SPE-LC-MS/MS)联用方法,并对北京市城市河流地表水体中5种精神活性物质的质量浓度水平进行了调查,采用RQ(风险熵)法进行了风险评价. 结果表明,在水样未酸化条件下,Oasis MCX柱对精神活性物质的回收率最高,使用含5%(V/V)氨水的甲醇作为洗脱液,5种精神活性物质的回收率可以达到81.8%~91.1%. 地表水水体基质加标结果表明,5种精神活性物质的加标回收率均大于75.5%,相对标准偏差均小于10.0%. 方法检出限为0.30~0.80 ng/L,定量限为1.00~2.68 ng/L. 北京市7条城市河流中5种精神活性物质的质量浓度在1.00~99.51 ng/L之间. EPH在所有采样点均被检出且质量浓度较高,ρ(EPH)平均值为22.79 ng/L;ρ(AMP)相对较低,在1.54~11.23 ng/L之间,但AMP检出率为97.06%;ρ(METH)较高,平均值为14.63 ng/L,最高值(99.51 ng/L)出现在坝河. 研究显示,北京市地表水中5种精神活性物质的RQ均小于0.1,表明其可能的环境风险较低,但由于精神活性物质本身具有生物活性,它们对城市河流水生生态系统产生的潜在危害不容忽视.      

Detection of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol by liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum (LLE-GCMS)and solid phase extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum (SPE-GCMS)

Two sample preparation methods were introduced and compared in this paper to establish a simple, quick and exact analysis of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. LC-18 column was employed in solid phase extraction (SPE), 1.0 mL of hexane was adopted in liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatograph mass spectrum (GCMS) in selected ion mode. Mean recoveries of SPE were low for 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM) with values below 50%. For LLE, the recoveries were satisfyingly above 50% for 2-MIB and 80% for GSM. Detection limits of the LLE method were as low as 1.0 ng/L for GSM and 5.0 ng/L for 2-MIB. A year-long investigation on odor chemicals of drinking water in Shanghai demonstrated that in the summer, there was a serious odor problem induced by a high concentration of 2-MIB. The highest concentration of 152.82 ng/L appeared in July in raw water, while GSM flocculation was minimal with concentrations below odor threshold.     

基于固相萃取及高效液相色谱-荧光检测分析的污泥中氟喹诺酮类抗生素研究方法的开发

氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)作为常见的药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)在环境中广泛存在.由于在生物体内很难被代谢,FQs会通过粪尿排泄等途径进入城市污水处理系统并最终富集到污泥中.并且,由于其在环境中的累积效应,FQs的存在极易增强致病菌的耐药性,限制了污泥的后续资源化利用.为得到适用于污泥中FQs的分析方法,进一步把握FQs在污水及污泥处理过程中的固/液分配及降解规律,研究中选择4种代表性FQs:氧氟沙星(OFL)、诺氟沙星(NOR)、环丙沙星(CIP)和洛美沙星(LOM)为研究对象,并通过所设计的正交试验,考察了固相萃取材料、萃取体系p H、洗脱剂对FQs的固相萃取效率的影响,在此基础上进一步优化了固相样品中FQs的提取方法,最终建立了细胞破碎,碱式提取(三乙胺/甲醇/水以5/25/75混合),固相萃取富集(SPE),磷酸-三乙胺溶液为缓冲盐流动相,甲醇为有机流动相,梯度荧光扫描的高效液相色谱-荧光(HPLCFLD)检测方法.液态样品中4种FQs的加标回收率采用新方法后可达到82%~103%;固态样品中4种FQs的加标回收率也可达到71%~101%.同时,为进一步确认不同运行条件对污泥吸附FQs能力的影响,针对好氧、缺氧和厌氧污泥分别进行了吸附试验研究,发现处于不同活性状态的污泥(厌氧、缺氧和好氧污泥)对FQs的吸附能力呈现出递减的趋势,但对FQs的吸附率都达到90%以上.该结论也证实了实际污水处理厂所去除的50%的FQs主要是通过污泥吸附这一途径实现的.