毛细管柱气相色谱法测定水性涂料中的苯系物

用二硫化碳萃取经水稀释过的水性涂料中的苯系物,离心分离后,用毛细管气相色谱测定,用极性柱和非极性柱双柱定性,单柱定量。线性范围为0~120mg/L,相关系数大于0.9996,检出限0.005mg/kg,回收率大于90%。方法快速、准确、灵敏度高、干扰少。     

对TH_PKU-300B挥发性有机物快速在线监测系统的改进

针对现有TH_PKU-300B挥发性有机机物快速在线监测系统在测定含氧挥发性有机化合物(OVOCs)、含氮挥发性有机物(NVOCs)和高沸点挥发性有机物时存在灵敏度低、精密度差、线性响应较差、记忆效应明显等不足,根据其原理,对其GC-MS通道的部分气路进行改进。通过实验对比分析,证明改进后的仪器系统响应更加灵敏、线性拟合度更高、精密度及解析效率均显著提高,同时检出限也由改进前的体积分数0.1×10~(-9)~1.0×10~(-9)降低至0.02×10~(-9)~0.08×10~(-9),并解决了记忆效应问题。改进后的系统在OVOCs、NVOCs和高沸点挥发性有机物测定方面要优于原系统。     

吹扫捕集GC/MS测定水中VOCs的方法优化

针对传统吹扫捕集方法测定高沸点挥发性有机污染物回收率偏低问题,设计二次正交实验进行方法优化.结果表明,吹扫时间、吹扫速率及冷阱温度分别为19min、70ml/min和-130℃时高沸点化合物的平均回收率明显提高,检出限完全满足EPA方法要求.采用优化后的方法测定了官厅水库中VOCs的含量,VOCs的浓度范围为O.05～5.6ppb.     

Saltzman实验系数的测定（改进的saltzman法）

Ｓａｌｔｚｍａｎ实验系数的测定（改进的ｓａｌｔｚｍａｎ法）王玉平，陈涛（沈阳市环境监测中心站１１００１５）王娟，杜萍萍盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法（Ｇｒｉｃｓｓ－Ｓａｌｔｚｍａｎ法）是大家比较熟悉的测定空气中的二氧化氮或氮氧化物浓度的方法。该方法灵敏度高、...     

气相色谱法测定污水中水合三氯乙醛

本法适用于农药厂的污水测定。水样先以石油醚—乙醚萃取除去高沸点化合物,再加入氯化钠用石油醚—乙醚混合溶剂萃取三次,合并萃取液定容至一定体积,供气相色谱测定,用外标法峰高定量。     

用530μ毛细管柱分高甲胺磷等常见有机磷农药

随着绝大多数有机氯农药被禁止生产和使用,近年来农业生产中广泛使用多种有机磷农药,其残留物的环境污染已上升为重要问题.目前用于测定环境样品中有机磷农药残留物的气相色谱法大多使用填充柱,而使用的固定液,根据所测定农残的极性.可分别加以选用.然而在环境样品的实际测定中,特别是对一些极性较强的有机磷农药,例如甲胺磷、敌敌畏及敌百虫等,常用的填充柱对它们与其它中等极性及非极性农药的分离效果均不     

非甲烷总烃样品保存时限探讨

非甲烷总烃在监测过程中,废气样品保存容器的选择和保存时间的长短对分析结果有重要影响。研究结果表明:使用玻璃注射器保存样品,应在8 h内完成分析;使用泰德拉惰性气袋保存样品,保存时间可延长至48 h,如废气中主要组分为沸点高于150℃的高沸点化合物,则应在8 h内完成非甲烷总烃的测定。     

自动在线监测仪测定地表水中19种挥发性有机物的适用性探讨

通过测定标准样品和实际样品,对自动在线监测仪测定地表水中19种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的适用性进行了探讨。结果表明,自动在线监测仪测定19种VOCs的检出限为0.02～0.11μg/L,相关系数 0.995,相对标准偏差为1.2%～3.6%(n=6),加标回收率为91.9%～102%,精密度和准确度良好,可以满足地表水痕量VOCs的测定需求。因干扰物的存在,在线仪器无法准确定性或定量某些目标物,特别是低沸点、出峰早的二氯甲烷和氯仿。从在线仪配置角度剖析了在线仪器测定不准确的原因,提出,通过测试复杂标准样品,建立备用色谱程序和建设超标留样系统,提升自动在线监测仪定性的准确性。     

低温空管冷冻浓缩技术-GC-MS-FID法自动监测环境空气中VOCs

环境空气中VOCs的自动监测数据是研究重污染天气成因的一个重要依据。低温空管冷冻浓缩技术-GC-MSFID法,可用于环境空气中多组分VOCs复杂样品的自动监测,性能优于吸附管浓缩法。低温空管冷冻浓缩技术的采样流量、采样时间、冷冻温度等条件对环境空气中VOCs的测定有很大影响。实验结果表明:高采样流量低采样时间条件下,低沸点卤代烃捕集效率偏低;低采样流量长采样时间,-120℃捕集温度可满足各类VOCs的测试。降低采样流量增加采样时间,沸点较高的各类VOCs的捕集效率比较高。相同捕集温度下,降低采样体积,各类VOCs的响应同步降低,可用于高浓度C_5~C_(12)碳氢化合物、卤代烃和醛酮含氧化合物样品的测定。     

超低沸点挥发性有机物测定中的要点分析

采用大气浓缩仪-气相色谱法测定超低沸点挥发性有机物乙烷、乙烯、丙烷、丙烯、乙炔,选用PLOT-Q柱分析,控制真空罐内相对湿度约50%,通过优化测定条件使方法线性良好,5种低沸点化合物的检出限为0.08 nmol/mol～0.2 nmol/mol,样品保存时间不超过10 d。用该方法测定某地区环境空气中VOCs,结果检出率均为100%。     

气相色谱法测定苯酚生产废水中芳香族化合物

建立了用气相色谱法同时测定苯酚生产废水中异丙苯、α-甲基苯乙烯、α-甲基苯甲醇、2-苯基-2-丙醇、苯酚、苯乙酮、2-苯基丙醛等7种芳香族有毒有机污染物的定量分析方法。采用二氯甲烷对水样进行萃取后进行分析测定,气相色谱条件:DB-WAX型色谱柱,FID检测器,程序升温,进样量1μL。方法的检出限、精密度、回收率实验表明,该方法对苯酚生产废水中各污染物组分具有较好的分离效果,对7种物质的检测限均低于0.05 mg/L,5次测定的相对标准偏差小于5%,实际水样的加标回收率大于97%。     

High Resolution GC - MS Analysis of VOCs in Wastewater and Sludge

High resolution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been widely used in the field of environmental sample analysis for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Gryder-Boutet, et al., 1988). Such a technique was applied to the analysis of VOCs at a local municipal wastewater treatment plant. The combination of purge and trap sample preparation and thermal desorption with cryofocusing technology, allows for the detection of a wide range of volatiles in wastewater and sludge samples. Results show that a large variety of organics present in samples are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Their concentrations are in part per billion levels between 10 to 150 g/L. Others identified using this method are chlorinated hydrocarbons, sulfides and organic acids. By comparing the chromatograms of different wastewater and sludge samples collected from various treatment process units, it can be seen that most volatiles were removed or degraded after the aeration or digestion process. Information that provides an insight to the measurement of organic compounds in sludges is also discussed in this paper.     

污水处理厂污水和污泥中PAHs的残留及风险研究进展

多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类极其复杂的有机污染物,衍生物种类较多,1976年美国环保局因其致癌、致畸、致突变将其中的16种列为优先控制污染物。城市污水处理厂作为一个地区污染物迁移和转化的重要媒介,在控制和截断PAHs进入天然水体的过程中扮演着重要的角色。因此,研究污水处理厂中PAHs的浓度水平对于了解和控制PAHs进入天然水体和通过污泥进入到土壤中进而通过食物链危害人类健康具有重要的意义。文章综述了污水处理厂污水和污泥中PAHs的前处理技术、分析方法、浓度水平、生态风险以及国内外污水处理厂污泥土地利用现状。     

GC-MS identification of gaseous volatiles in wastewater

Gaseous volatiles from wastewater samples taken from a local sewage treatment plant were air-stripped and trapped onto Tenax GC. These volatiles were then thermally desorbed and subsequently analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results show that saturated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were the most dominant compounds found in the sewage gaseous volatiles. Other compounds found were chlorinated hydrocarbons, organic acids, sulfides and phenols. A wide variety of gaseous volatiles were found in the raw wastewater, the primary clarifier effluent, the pre-aeration wastewater and the sludge samples. A comparison of the gas chromatograms for the pre- and post-aeration wastewater shows that many odorous gaseous volatiles were removed during the aeration process in the treatment plant.     

Multi-component analysis of polar water pollutants using sequential solid-phase extraction followed by LC-ESI-MS

A multi-component screening analysis method for polar to medium-polar water pollutants was developed. Sample clean-up and group separation are performed by sequential solid-phase extraction (SSPE) using automated SPE with C18 and polymeric sorbent materials. Analyses are performed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) using a single-quadrupole instrument. More than 90 priority compounds of environmental interest--comprising the most important chemical and substance classes: phenols, carboxylic acids, aromatic sulfonates, aromatic amines, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, dyes, and pesticides--have been chosen for the experiments. The compounds are divided by the SSPE procedure into 3 different polarity classes. The extraction recoveries were determined in the 3 fractions for every single substance, and were for most of the analytes in the range of 50-100%. A mixture of hexane-dichloromethane was used for the elution of nonpolar compounds like alkylphenols from C18. Methanol and acetone are well suited for the elution of more polar substances. The limits of detection (LODs) were determined for all compounds. Effluents from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) treating waste water from textile industries; and the corresponding receiving waters (rivers and lakes) have been analysed with the developed method. Urban and industrial pollution was observed in rivers and streams in the area north of Milan, Italy. In the water samples different phenols (nitrophenols, bisphenol A, nonylphenol), alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants, their metabolites with endocrine disrupting potential, aromatic sulfonates, linear alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and a dichlorobenzidine compound were identified.     

焦化废水中多环芳烃的成分谱及污染特征

液-液萃取-高效液相色谱法分析了焦化废水中EPA优先控制的16种多环芳烃含量,总结出其成分谱及污染特征。结果表明:16种多环芳烃在焦化废水中浓度差异较大,主要以在水中溶解度较大的萘、苊、芴、菲、荧蒽、芘为主。其中萘对多环芳烃总量的贡献最大,占总量的36.70%~86.78%。焦化企业排放废水中6种多环芳烃的总量无超标现象,苯并[a]芘单体超标较普遍。     

杭州市居室空气中芳香族化合物污染现状及其来源解析

用热解吸/气质联用技术研究了杭州市居室空气中芳香族化合物的组成。结果表明,杭州市居室空气中共存在60种芳香族化合物,其中苯系化合物48种,非苯芳香族化合物12种,检出率大于50%的23种;苯、甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯、邻二甲苯、间(对)-二甲苯等10种化合物的总含量之和大于85.39%,是室内空气中主要的芳香族污染物,除萘外,其他22种污染物的平均浓度值均随装修时间间隔延长而降低;污染物主要来源是室内装修过程中使用的或装修材料中残留的有机溶剂、机动车辆排放的尾气、居民家庭中常用的清洁用品及含萘等成分的防蛀剂。     

新疆番茄酱企业生产废水处理利用方式探析

近年来,新疆番茄酱加工业得到了迅速发展,目前番茄酱的产销量已占全国的90%以上。与此同时,新疆番茄酱生产企业的废水排放量也大幅增加,大量未经处理的废水直接排放,已对当地的水环境构成严重的污染隐患。本文分析了新疆番茄酱企业生产废水的排放特征与目前排放出路的可行性,并结合新疆的自然地理条件及番茄酱企业的分布情况,着重探讨了土地处理这一适合新疆的废水利用方式,以期有利于新疆的环境保护和废水资源的循环利用。     

HS-SPME/GC–MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from municipal sewage sludge

The aim of the research involved identification and semi-quantitative determination of unknown volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted to air by sewage sludge formed in the process of municipal wastewater treatment in a sewage treatment plant. Samples taken directly after completion of the technological process as well as the sludge stored on the premise of the sewage treatment plant were analyzed. A simple method using off-line headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry has been proposed for extraction and detection of organic pollutants. For reliable identification of compounds, combination of two independent parameters: mass spectra and linear temperature programmed retention indices were employed. Over 170 compounds of different structure were identified including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, carbonyls, as well as sulfur, nitrogen, and chlorine containing compounds. The prevailing substances included: ethyl ether, n-hexane, p-xylene, o-xylene, mesitylene, m-ethylbenzene, limonene, n-decane, n-undecane, and n-dodecane. A few compounds such as methanetiol, dimethyl polisulfide, octaatomic sulfur, phthalic anhydride, and indoles were identified in the sludge for the first time.     

Environmental Issues for the Chinese Strong Aromatic Liquor Industry: an Assessment for the Brewing System

Environmental assessments are often performed for industries due to a lot of issues produced in the processes. However, few studies are reported for environmental assessment of Chinese liquor production. A lot of material consumptions in Chinese liquor industries often bring about serious environmental pollution. Thus, Chinese strong aromatic liquor (CSAL) is taken as a representative for the environmental issues assessment of Chinese liquor industry in view of cleaner production (CP). The assessment is performed for the brewing system of CSAL including three main phases: crude liquor brewing, crude liquor blending, and steam production, which addresses resource and energy consumptions and environmental impacts. The results indicate that, according to the standards of Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, the consumptions of materials and energy are acceptable while the water consumption is higher than the requirement. Moreover, the discharge of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the brewing phase is above the standard requirement and contributes much to eutrophication. The total environmental impacts in the blending phase are less than those in the brewing and steam production phases. In detail, in the brewing phase, high concentration of volatile organic compounds in the wastewater results in the odor threshold values and photochemical ozone creation. In the blending phase, the main environmental impact is eutrophication owing to the wastewater. In the steam production phase, the most and least significant impacts are global warming and soot emission, respectively, wherein waste gas emission is dominated. Cost analysis reveals that when the water consumption and COD discharge meet the requirements according to the CP option, there are plenty of economic and environmental benefits for the CSAL industry. The results confirm that the reform strategies for the Chinese liquor enterprise should be performed to decrease the water consumption, promote the utilization efficiency of water, improve recycle and reuse of by-products, reduce the pollutant discharge, and enhance waste treatment efficiency.