谨防工作环境中的电磁污染

谨防工作环境中的电磁污染电磁污染，系指波长范围在１～１０００ｍｍ，频率范围在３００～３０００００ＭＨｚ之间的电磁波所造成的环境污染。它与电磁波的性质、功率密度及频率等密切相关。近年来，电磁污染对人体造成的潜在危害已引起重视。但工作环境中的电磁污染和危...     

人体防电磁辐照的安全限值

电磁场对人体的影响是何等的复杂，以致不少专家或学者将不妥的量值作为标准。作者在大量调测，亲身体验和界面研究之后，为了去伪存真，还科技之本来，推出了符合系统工程之要求的防电磁辐照安全限值。     

接地对手持机电磁屏蔽效果影响的研究

本文探索运用屏蔽理论减少手持机对人体的电磁辐射过程中的接地因素对手持机近场电磁屏蔽效果的影响。     

大功率中短波广播天线电磁辐射的预测与防护

随着城镇密集度越来越高,大功率电磁辐射设备如大功率中短波天线不可避免的与建筑越来越近,因而对室内的电磁环境污染逐步加剧。电磁辐射造成的危害通常包括对人体健康的危害(健康效应)和干扰其他电磁设备而造成严重后果(电磁干扰)。针对大功率中短波天线造成的电磁环境污染问题,提出一套远场条件下电磁辐射的预测方法并成功预测了一个典型大功率中短波天线群附近的拟建项目区域的电磁环境,在此基础上,提出有效的针对拟建项目的电磁防护方案。     

在防电磁辐照中你使用什么限值——生态电磁环境研究

超量的电磁辐照，有损于人体健康，但各国的限值不统一，夹带着各种错处，且差值太大，这不但不符合人体的特性，而且混入不少臆造，现将突破性的研究成果，奉献给专业人员，以利推动这一科技，早日步入客观。     

电磁污染

电磁污染是指天然的人为的各种电磁波的干扰及有害的电磁辐射。由于广播,电视,微波技术的发展,射频设备功率成倍增加,地面上的电磁幅射大幅度增加,目前已达到直接威胁人体健康的程度。     

INCREASE THE PRACTICALITY OF THE SAFE THRESHOLD OF ELECTROMAGNETIC IRRADIATION

电磁场对人体的影响是何等的复杂,以致不少专家或学者将不妥的量值作为标准。作者在大量调测,亲身体验和界面研究之后,为了去伪存真,还科技之本来,推出了符合系统工程之要求的防电磁辐照安全限值。     

复杂电磁环境仿真软件中的电磁态势显示计算技术研究

在复杂电磁环境仿真软件中，电磁态势显示是一个重要的功能，而传统的单PC机仿真软件很难满足电磁态势显示大数据量和高计算精度的要求。从分布式计算以及接收区域模型化两个方面对传统的射线追踪算法加以改进，使其更加适合电磁态势仿真场景，以达到提升仿真效率的目的。     

城区电力设施电磁影响与低频段电磁环境频谱

通过对电力设施电磁环境影响的形成机理、特征分析,对照低频段电磁环境频谱,分析论述城市区域中电力设施对电磁环境的影响特征以及在频谱中的反映和贡献。本文结论有助于掌握城市区域低频电磁环境的主要影响源,以支撑电磁环境监管。     

电磁兼容及干扰抑制

电磁干扰是导致电气，电子设备在同一个电磁环境中不能可靠工作的主要肇因。在时间、空间频谱资源有限的条件下，如何使处于同一电磁环境的电气电子设备和系统不产生相互干扰，并正常运行，这就是电磁兼容性需要解决的问题。本文简述ＥＭＣ概念和一些ＥＭＩ抑制技术。     

中国海滨旅游研究进展

在阅读大量相关文献资料的基础上,试图从海滨旅游兴起的原因、海滨旅游主体、海滨旅游客体及海滨旅游主客体间关系4个方面对近年来国内有关海滨旅游的研究作一系统综述.在此基础上,对中国海滨旅游以后的研究进行了展望.     

Landscape ecological assessment: a tool for integrating biodiversity issues in strategic environmental assessment and planning

To achieve a sustainable development, impacts on biodiversity of urbanisation, new infrastructure projects and other land use changes must be considered on landscape and regional scales. This requires that important decisions are made after a systematic evaluation of environmental impacts. Landscape ecology can provide a conceptual framework for the assessment of consequences of long-term development processes like urbanisation on biodiversity components, and for evaluating and visualising the impacts of alternative planning scenarios. The aim of this paper was to develop methods for integrating biodiversity issues in planning and strategic environmental assessment in an urbanising environment, on landscape and regional levels. In order to test developed methods, a case study was conducted in the region of Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, and the study area embraced the city centre, suburbs and peri-urban areas. Focal species were tested as indicators of habitat quality, quantity and connectivity in the landscape. Predictive modelling of habitat distribution in geographic information systems involved the modelling of focal species occurrences based on empirical data, incorporated in a landscape ecological decision support system. When habitat models were retrieved, they were applied on future planning scenarios in order to predict and assess the impacts on focal species. The scenario involving a diffuse exploitation pattern had the greatest negative impacts on the habitat networks of focal species. The scenarios with concentrated exploitation also had negative impacts, although they were possible to mitigate quite easily. The predictions of the impacts on habitats networks of focal species made it possible to quantify, integrate and visualise the effects of urbanisation scenarios on aspects of biodiversity on a landscape level.     

Impacts of Camping on Vegetation: Response and Recovery Following Acute and Chronic Disturbance

Experiments with controlled levels of recreational camping were conducted on previously undisturbed sites in two different plant communities in the subalpine zone of the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, USA. The plant communities were coniferous forest with understory dominated by the low shrub Vaccinium scoparium and a riparian meadow of intermixed grasses and forbs, of which Deschampsia cespitosa was most abundant. Sites were camped on at intensities of either one or four nights per year, for either one (acute disturbance) or three consecutive years (chronic disturbance). Recovery was followed for three years on sites camped on for one year and for one year on sites camped on for three years. Reductions in vegetation cover and vegetation height were much more pronounced on sites in the forest than on sites in the meadow. In both plant communities, increases in vegetation impact were not proportional to increases in either years of camping or nights per year of camping. Close to the center of campsites, near-maximum levels of impact occurred after the first year of camping on forested sites and after the second year on meadow sites. Meadow sites recovered completely within a year, at the camping intensities employed in the experiments. Forest sites, even those camped on for just one night, did not recover completely within three years. Differences between acute and chronic disturbance were not pronounced.     

The effectiveness of state of the environment reporting (SoER) at the local government sphere – a developing country's experience

State of the environment reporting (SoER) is a well-established and widely applied environmental management tool in the South African context. Despite a wealth of knowledge about conducting and preparing SoERs, there is a paucity of research on the effect SoER has had on decision-making at the local government sphere. This study investigated the effect of SoER on decision-making for a sample of municipalities in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The methodology relied on interviews with key role players, which include the ‘‘environmental function’' as well as ‘‘other functions’' responsible for infrastructure development and planning within the municipalities. The results show that notwithstanding the extensive time and resources spent on SoER, it appears to have had a limited effect on decision-making, especially beyond the environmental function. Recommendations to improve the influence of SoER on decision-making in developing countries include improved clarity on the purpose and home of SoER within municipalities, adequate budget and capacity, and effective cooperative governance both within the municipalities, and with other spheres of government.     

EFFECTS OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON FOREST STREAMWATER QUALITY IN EASTERN KENTUCKY1

ABSTRACT: Forest land managers are concerned about the effects of logging on soil erosion, streamflow, and water quality and are promoting the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control impacts. To compare the effects of BMP implementation on streamwater quality, two of three small watersheds in Kentucky were harvested in 1983 and 1984, one with BMPs, the other without BMPs. There was no effect of clearcutting on stream temperatures. Streamflow increased by 17.8 cm (123 percent) on the BMP watershed during the first 17 months after cutting and by 20.6 cm (138 percent) on the Non-BMP watershed. Water yields remained significantly elevated compared to the uncut watershed 8 years after harvesting. Suspended sediment flux was 14 and 30 times higher on the BMP and Non-BMP Watersheds, respectively, than on the uncut watershed during treatment, and 4 and 6.5 times higher in the 17 months after treatment was complete. Clearcutting resulted in increased concentrations of nitrate, and other nutrients compared to the uncut watershed, and concentrations were highest on the non-BMP watershed. Recovery of biotic control over nutrient losses occurred within three years of clearcutting. The streamside buffer strip was effective in reducing the impact of clearcutting on water yield and sediment flux.     

氮沉降对草原凋落物分解的影响

大气氮沉降增加是全球变化的重要现象之一,草原生态系统对氮沉降增加的响应成为草地生态学的研究热点之一。凋落物分解是草原生态系统养分循环和能量流动的主要途径,氮沉降增加引起草原植物群落结构变化,导致凋落物质量、土壤肥力、土壤微生物和土壤动物的变化,最终影响凋落物的分解。本文综述了氮沉降对草原凋落物结构、化学组成和分解环境的影响等方面的国内外最新研究进展,讨论了需进一步加强研究的内容,以期为进一步拓展该领域研究的广度和深度、为全面分析和评估全球变化对草原生态系统的影响提供参考。     

数字经济发展与区域环境质量改善——来自省级面板数据的证据

本文基于2011—2019年我国31个省级行政区的面板数据,探究了数字经济发展对区域环境质量的影响。研究发现,总体来说,数字经济对环境质量具有显著的改善作用;数字经济对环境质量的改善作用在2014—2019年显著,在中部和西部省份显著,在环境污染程度较高的省份显著。传导机制检验表明,经济规模扩张、产业结构优化及绿色技术创新在数字经济对环境质量的作用机制中发挥中介作用。进一步分析表明,政府竞争在数字经济对环境质量的改善作用中起着负向调节作用,制度环境在数字经济对环境质量的作用机制中发挥正向调节作用。因此,应高质量地推动数字经济发展、充分发挥数字经济的环境质量改善作用、匡正地方政府的竞争行为及努力营造良好的制度环境,以改善环境质量。     

基于林农参与式森林经营培训的影响评价——以福建山连村为例

森林参与式经营在林农林业生产中起着重要的作用。针对当前公众参与政策制定不足的现状,通过对案例点开展参与式森林经营管理培训实践的分析,认识到森林参与式培训对林农经营森林资源的意义和作用,了解并发现林农对现行森林资源管理政策的需求以及当前政策中存在的问题。研究表明,森林参与式培训效果作用明显,资源管理政策缺乏有效的公众参与,导致政策设定有失合理。提出对策建议,以期对参与式森林经营管理培训的推广提供一定的实践意义。     

Stream macroinvertebrate baseline surveys: A comparative analysis from the oil-shale regions of Colorado,USA

General surveys of the benthic macroinvertebrates from Piceance Creek and the White River were conducted for nearly a decade prior to oil-shale exploitation in north central Colorado, USA. Comparison of the taxa collected in four studies on Piceance Creek and five studies on the White River shows little similarity among most studies. Studies were generally consistent in methods, site selection, and time of year for collection. Lack of agreement among the studies on what constitutes a baseline of common taxa is probably a result of taxonomic difficulties and differences in technique. More emphasis should be placed on testing possible impacts than on repeated, expensive, and inconclusive baseline inventories.     

土壤对钻井废水中有机污染物吸附作用研究

分析了钻井废水中有机污染物在土壤中吸附的机理,对吸附量和有机负荷的关系进行了阐述;针对钻井废水有机污染物在土壤中的吸附和解吸过程进行了实验研究。实验表明:钻井废水中有机污染物在土壤中的吸附量与土壤有机负荷的关系符合初始质量等温线;土壤中天然有机质含量越高,对钻井废水中有机污染物吸附能力越强;土壤对钻井废水中有机污染物具有一定的持久吸附作用;天然有机质含量越高的土壤对钻井废水中有机污染物的持久吸附能力越强。