电加热石墨炉分子吸收法测定水质中的卤化物

研究了利用电热蒸发石墨炉分子吸收法（ＭＡＳ）测定囟化物的优化条件，采用三阶段分步进样，钼涂层石墨管双原子分子吸收法，首次提出了Ａｌｘ（ｘ＝Ｆ，Ｃｌ，Ｂｒ）－ＭＡＳ法测定地表水质中卤化物的技术要点；利用铂、铅、铁空心阴极灯作连续光源，以它们的次灵敏共振线做最大吸收波长进行（ＭＡＳ）法测定；该方法在实际分析中达到满意结果。     

土壤污染物源解析技术研究进展

简述了土壤污染物源解析技术的发展历程及土壤污染物的主要类型与来源。指出,定性源识别技术主要包括特征比值法、多元统计法、空间分析法等;定量源解析技术主要包括源清单法、扩散模型法、化学质量平衡模型法、正定矩阵因子分解法、UNMIX模型法、同位素法等。重点总结了这些技术方法的原理及其在应用上的优势与局限。从解析对象、解析方法和软件开发角度,提出了土壤污染物源解析技术的未来发展方向。     

烟气排放连续监测技术的发展及应用前景

回顾了烟气排放连续监测系统及其分析技术的发展与应用历程,对直接测量法、抽取测量法和遥感测量法等3种主要连续监测技术的应用情况、技术特点进行了介绍和对比分析。指出烟气连续监测技术有由抽取测量法向直接测量法发展的趋势,进而向遥感测量法发展;分析技术则以光学技术为主导,向全谱分析和线状光谱技术方向发展;测量范围逐渐向低浓度发展,追求更高的准确度和精密度;监测因子更多,除常规烟尘、SO2、NOx外,CO2、H2S、HC l、HF、Hg等物质也将逐步纳入监测范围;技术可靠、系统简洁、操作简便是连续监测技术的发展方向,具有广阔的应用前景。     

光氧化处理含酚废水的实验研究

以紫外为光源，O3和H2O2作氧化剂分别对含酚废水进行光氧化去除效果的研究．结果表明，联合光氧化法能有效去除废水中的苯酚，在适宜条件下90min内苯酚去除率达到90％以上。试验表明，光氧化法是处理低浓度含酚废水的一种有效方法。     

固定污染源烟气中汞排放连续监测系统

介绍了中美两国法规对汞排放连续监测的要求,分析了烟气中汞排放连续监测的技术难点,指出现有的汞在线监测只能得到气态总汞的浓度。阐述了冷蒸气原子吸收光谱法、塞曼调制原子吸收光谱法、冷蒸气原子荧光法、原子发射光谱法、紫外差分吸收光谱法等气态元素汞的不同分析方法。通过对湿化学法与热转化单元的比较,得出热转化技术更加适合烟气汞的在线监测。分析了造成汞测量误差的相关因素,并提出了减少误差的措施。     

大气飘尘中锑的分析

1.目的 大气中的锑,以ng/m~3量级存在。其主要污染源是城市废弃物的焚烧。至于其他污染源,及其在大气中的行为等许多情况都还不清楚。 锑分析中,现在广为采用放射性分析法和吸收光度法,由于分析时间长以及操作繁杂,未必适合于多试样分析。本文研究了通过硼氢化钠连续产生氢化物——无焰原子吸收法,方法     

XH2000A型空气连续自动监测系统常见故障及其解决方法

我站XH2000A型空气连续自动监测系统在2年多的运行过程中，多次遇到仪器故障和技术问题，通过对总体站房系统的探索和实践，整理了一些常见故障，并着重于实际条件，总结出主要依靠自身来排除故障的方法，同时提出一些降低仪器故障发生率、延长配件使用寿命及解决系统技术问题的建议。     

废水中有机污染指标监测方法的选择

综合考察了废水中各种有机污染物综合指标的测试对象、干扰、准确度、精确度及其分析测试技术等各种因素 ,对实现其自动化连续测量的影响。针对某些监测技术产生的严重二次污染问题 ,提出了绿色 (清洁 )监测技术的概念。文章认为在重点废水污染源安装在线监测系统实行总量控制的过程中 ,应避免使用造成严重二次污染的 CODCr在线监测仪 ,而应当采用臭氧氧化法在线监测仪 ,或其他综合指标 ,如 TOC     

欢迎订阅2016年《色谱》

<正>国内统一连续出版物号CN 21-1185/O6国际标准连续出版物号ISSN 1000-8713邮发代号8-43国外发行代号DK21010 CODEN编码SEPUER《色谱》是中国唯一的色谱专业期刊,主要报道色谱学科的基础性研究成果,色谱及其交叉学科的重要应用科研成果及最新研究进展。适于科研院所及分析测试领域等从事色谱基础和应用技术研究的科研人员、色谱及其相关学科的硕士及博士研究生、色谱器件及仪器的开发人员阅读。《色谱》已被美国《医学索引》(Medline)、美国《化学文摘》(CA)、荷兰     

连续采样与五日法采样效果及费用的对比分析

通过对连续采样与五日法采样五种方法监测结果及所需费用的比较，得出连续采样方法监测结果更具有代表性，合理性，一次性投资大，但运行费用并不高的结论。     

背景修正对噪声监测结果影响的探讨与实践

分析了背景噪声测量不确定性以及背景修正对噪声监测结果的影响,提出,在实际噪声测量工作中,当测量值与背景值的差值≥3 dB且测量值修正结果与排放限值非常接近时,以及当测量值与背景值的差值3 dB且测量值与排放限值的差值≤4 dB时,对背景噪声进行重复测量,计算背景噪声测量不确定性,利用公式法进行定量背景修正的建议,并在噪声测量和数据处理过程中降低背景噪声测量不确定性,从而减少背景修正对噪声测量结果的影响,更加客观地反映噪声的真实情况。     

Bias Correction Techniques to Improve Air Quality Ensemble Predictions: Focus on O3 and PM Over Portugal

Five air quality models were applied over Portugal for July 2006 and used as ensemble members. Each model was used, with its original set up in terms of meteorology, parameterizations, boundary conditions and chemical mechanisms, but with the same emission data. The validation of the individual models and the ensemble of ozone (O₃) and particulate matter (PM) is performed using monitoring data from 22 background sites. The ensemble approach, based on the mean and median of the five models, did not improve significantly the skill scores due to large deviations in each ensemble member. Different bias correction techniques, including a subtraction of the mean bias and a multiplicative ratio adjustment, were implemented and analysed. The obtained datasets were compared against the individual modelled outputs using the bias, the root mean square error (RMSE) and the correlation coefficient. The applied bias correction techniques also improved the skill of the individual models and work equally well over the entire range of observed O₃ and PM values. The obtained results revealed that the best bias correction technique was the ratio adjustment with a 4-day training period, demonstrating significant improvements for both analysed pollutants. The increase in the ensemble skill found comprehends a bias reduction of 88 % for O₃, and 92 % for PM10, and also a decrease in 23 % for O₃ and 43 % for PM10 in what concerns the RMSE. In addition, a spatial bias correction approach was also examined with successful skills comparing to the uncorrected ensemble for both pollutants.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的微量砷

土壤样品经ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣＩＯ４消解处理后,采用Ｎｉ作为基体改进剂,偏振塞曼效应扣去背景,实现了砷的石墨炉原子吸收法的直接测定。该方法操作简单,干扰少,灵敏度高,砷的检测下限为０．７ｎｇ／ｍｌ,样品分析回收率９４％－１０８％,相对标准偏差５．１％。     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定土壤及底泥等中常量及微量元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定土壤及底泥等中的铜、铅等多元素方法,采用水平及垂直双向观测,提高了分析灵敏度。对ICP工作参数选择、酸度对测定的影响、元素分析线选择、元素间光谱干扰校正系数的确定以及背景扣除方式等进行了研究。该方法线性范围宽,精密度及准确度较好,检出限低,多元素同时分析,分析速度快,操作简便。用于实际样品的测定,结果满意。     

A comparison of radiometric correction techniques in the evaluation of the relationship between LST and NDVI in Landsat imagery

Atmospheric corrections for multi-temporal optical satellite images are necessary, especially in change detection analyses, such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) rationing. Abrupt change detection analysis using remote-sensing techniques requires radiometric congruity and atmospheric correction to monitor terrestrial surfaces over time. Two atmospheric correction methods were used for this study: relative radiometric normalization and the simplified method for atmospheric correction (SMAC) in the solar spectrum. A multi-temporal data set consisting of two sets of Landsat images from the period between 1991 and 2002 of Penang Island, Malaysia, was used to compare NDVI maps, which were generated using the proposed atmospheric correction methods. Land surface temperature (LST) was retrieved using ATCOR3_T in PCI Geomatica 10.1 image processing software. Linear regression analysis was utilized to analyze the relationship between NDVI and LST. This study reveals that both of the proposed atmospheric correction methods yielded high accuracy through examination of the linear correlation coefficients. To check for the accuracy of the equation obtained through linear regression analysis for every single satellite image, 20 points were randomly chosen. The results showed that the SMAC method yielded a constant value (in terms of error) to predict the NDVI value from linear regression analysis-derived equation. The errors (average) from both proposed atmospheric correction methods were less than 10%.     

Total and Leachable Heavy Metals in Muddy and Sandy Sediments of Egyptian Coast Along Mediterranean Sea

The assessment of marine pollution due to metals was made for surficial sediments sampled from 20 sites along Mediterranean coast of Egypt. The samples were dried, acid digested and analyzed for leachable and total heavy metal contents (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (air–acetylene) with deuterium background correction. Evaluation of the heavy metals pollution status was carried out using enrichment factors (EFs), the effect range-low (ERL) and the effect range-median (ERM). The study showed high concentrations of Cd, Co, Pb, Ni and moderate concentrations of Cr, Cu and Mn were contaminated in the sediments of studied sites. The results of Spearman correlation, factor and cluster analysis of the heavy metals analyzed in the collected sediment were discussed. The main source of contamination is the offshore oil field and industrial wastes, which arise due to the ineffective and inefficient operation equipments, illegal discharge and lack of supervision and prosecution of offenders.     

厂界噪声监测中背景值修正问题的探讨

就噪声污染源监测中背景值修正存在的一些难以解决的问题,以及这些问题对监测数据的准确性和可靠性的影响进行分析讨论,指出现行的厂界噪声测量方法标准在实施过程中的难操作性,并提出修订该标准的建议。     

ICP-AES法同时测定新疆石灰性土壤中多种有效元素含量

报道了用全谱直读等离子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）同时测定新疆石灰性土壤中有效元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn的分析方法.选择合适的分析线,采用基体匹配法与背景扣除法进行校正.该方法与国家标准方法相比较,结果均十分符合,并具有准确、灵敏度高、操作简便快速等优点.     

Sub-soil contamination due to oil spills in zones surrounding oil pipeline-pump stations and oil pipeline right-of-ways in Southwest-Mexico

Oil spills due to oil pipelines is a very frequent problem in Mexico. Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), very concerned with the environmental agenda, has been developing inspection and correction plans for zones around oil pipelines pumping stations and pipeline right-of-way. These stations are located at regular intervals of kilometres along the pipelines. In this study, two sections of an oil pipeline and two pipeline pumping stations zones are characterized in terms of the presence of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The study comprehends sampling of the areas, delimitation of contamination in the vertical and horizontal extension, analysis of the sampled soils regarding TPHs content and, in some cases, the 16 PAHs considered as priority by USEPA, calculation of areas and volumes contaminated (according to Mexican legislation, specifically NOM-EM-138-ECOL-2002) and, finally, a proposal for the best remediation techniques suitable for the contamination levels and the localization of contaminants.