濛阳河流域(成都段)污染源解析及对策研究

为改善濛阳河流域(成都段)水环境现状,提出合理有效的水环境治理措施,根据实测数据对流域水质现状进行分析,并参照《全国水环境容量核定技术指南》中规定的计算方法,对流域主要入河污染物的量进行计算。结果表明,濛阳河流域彭州出境断面水质不稳定达标,主要超标污染物为总磷,COD、氨氮不稳定达标。流域内COD、氨氮、总磷总入河量分别为805.41t/a、129.96t/a、31.17t/a。按污染源分类,生活污染源对COD、氨氮、总磷的贡献率最大,分别为60.60%、48.82%、43.27%,其次是农田面源。按区县分类,濛阳镇和九尺镇对流域污染负荷贡献较大。根据污染源解析结果,有针对性的提出污染治理对策,为濛阳河流域水环境治理提供依据和思路。     

秦淮河流域农业污染源调查及入河量计算

生活源和农业面源污染已成为一些河流水环境质量恶化的重要因素,本文在深入分析第一次全国污染源普查数据基础上,对南京市秦淮河流域生活源和农业面源对水环境污染情况进行了研究,对潜在的水质污染问题进行了研讨,并据此提出了该河流污染防治的对策和建议。     

国土空间规划视角下流域水环境改善潜力——以长春市第二松花江流域为例

国土空间规划对新时期流域水环境保护意义重大。本文结合国土空间规划对流域水环境影响的全过程(污染产生—污染排放—污染入河)机制,构建了国土空间规划视角下流域水环境变化评估指标体系和框架。以长春市第二松花江流域为例,利用系统动力学模型和一维水动力模型QUAL2K量化了国土空间规划对流域水环境的影响。结果表明,到国土空间规划近期目标年(2025年),流域水环境状况良好,体现为流域大部分河段COD和NH₃-N达标,水环境容量最小为44.96 kg/d和5.10 kg/d。国土空间规划中的总量目标、环保设施建设和相关布局的实施将会使COD和NH₃-N污染产生量降低52.61%和14.16%;污染排放量降低26.45%和59.09%;水环境容量增加10.68%和57.17%。总体而言,国土空间规划对流域水环境改善潜力巨大,同时改善潜力因不同区域、污染源、污染物而异。本研究提出的评估框架为国土空间规划背景下流域水环境保护提供了思路。     

蒙溪河流域水环境污染及演变趋势研究

研究采用Arc GIS确定蒙溪河流域研究范围,在此基础上进行水环境污染现状及演变趋势分析、污染源调查和水环境容量计算。结果表明:蒙溪河流域水质超标情况较严重,主要超标因子为:COD、TN和TP,COD和TP的压力主要集中在平水期,TN压力主要集中在枯水期;污染源汇入主要集中在4#-9#点位之间。蒙溪河流域污染物入河量从大到小依次为:农业面源、城镇生活污水、农村生活污水、规模化畜禽养殖、畜禽散养和底泥污染。蒙溪河流域达标需削减污染物量:COD为217.755t/a,NH_3-N为24.683t/a,TN为75.710t/a,TP为10.774t/a。     

基于污染溯源分析的汤水河考核断面水质达标方案研究

基于水文、水质和污染源资料,建立了汤水河流域一维水环境数学模型。利用控制断面达标法计算得到汤水河水环境容量,根据水文水质同步监测资料进行了后桥头路桥考核断面污染溯源分析,进而制定出近远期水质达标方案,为汤水河乃至秦淮流域的水环境综合治理提供技术支撑。结果表明:2020年后桥头路桥断面水质稳定达标时,汤水河COD、氨氮、总磷水环境容量分别为197.39t/a、18.50t/a、2.22t/a。后桥头路桥断面污染主要源自于句容市和淳化街道,建议两地协作配合,共同促进汤水河的水环境改善。     

流域污染源调查分析与污染防治对策研究

通过研究流域污染源调查分析的方法,确定流域内的主要污染源,针对不同的污染源制定相应的污染防治对策,为科学制定流域综合整治方案提供决策依据,进而提高流域水环境质量,促进水资源可持续利用,使流域最大限度地发挥效益.     

尼洋河流域水环境质量现状评价研究——基于模糊综合评价法

尼洋河流域水资源十分丰富,水能蕴藏量巨大,生态环境良好。随着西藏经济的发展,必将出现大规模开发利用水资源的趋势,探讨流域水资源和环境的现状及可持续发展具有十分重要的现实意义。本文对尼洋河流域基础资料的收集与整理,分析尼洋河流域的特点与现存的问题,根据收集的水质监测资料,分析了流域污染源概况和构成,以未进行水环境功能区划为前提,选择模糊综合评价法对尼洋河流域水环境质量进行现状评价,并对超标断面进行了原因分析,通过对2012年尼洋河流域14个监测断面监测成果的评价,得出尼洋河流域水质现状良好的结论,为以后的水功能区划分、水质目标的确定以及水环境功能区划分提供依据。     

流域水环境治理的农村养殖废物污染控制技术探讨

流域农村养殖废物是区域水体的主要污染源,区域水体污染严重制约区域的经济建设和社会发展。本文针对农村养殖废物产生及污染水环境特点,结合我国流域水环境治理的具体实践,提出了资源化和生态控制养殖废物污染的工程措施及其发展方向。     

濑溪河流域泸县段水污染源分析及对策研究

采用输出系数模型、等标污染负荷等方法,以研究区实测数据为基础,评价濑溪河泸县段水质现状,结合基于水文水质资料和文献数据的方法确定输出系数取值,估算了濑溪河泸县段COD、氨氮、总磷污染负荷并分析主要来源。结果表明,濑溪河泸县段水质现状较差,总磷为全流域首要污染物;濑溪河泸县段COD污染负荷的主要来源于城镇生活、工业生产,累计占总入河量的60%;氨氮污染负荷主要来自于城镇生活、农业面源,累计占总入河量的64%;总磷污染负荷主要来自农业面源、分散畜禽养殖,累计占总入河量的75%。建议进一步加快城镇生活污染治理设施建设,强化工业企业污染治理,完善农村农业污染防治,实施流域综合整治及生态修复。     

宜昌市沮漳河流域当阳段水环境现状调查与评价

对宜昌市沮漳河流域当阳段的水环境进行了调查和评价。通过区域自然环境、社会经济发展、水体功能区、水环境容量等分析以及多个断面数据的监测,表明沮漳河流域当阳段水环境质量不能满足III类水体功能区要求,主要超标因子为高锰酸盐指数、NH3-N、BOD5、TP、石油类,主要受沿岸工业废水、生活污水及农业面源污染所致。     

地震对城乡地表水水质长期影响分析——以四川省宝兴县为例

为研究地震前后地表水水质变化规律,以2013年4月20日雅安地震重灾区—宝兴县地表水水质变化为例,对2012 ～2019年宝兴县赵家坝断面地表水水质监测数据收集整理,单因子评价法、污染指数法(单项污染指数、综合污染指数和有机污染综合指数)和水质指数模式优化法对地震前后地表水质进行分析.结果 表明,此次地震引起水体中污染...     

区域污染水体特征和变化规律——以成都市府河黄龙溪段为例

通过对成都市府河黄龙溪段进行为期1年的监测,分析结果表明府河水体中的TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TP和PO4+-P的变化受降雨影响较大,具有明显的季节性.府河水生态系统稳定性较差,各指标波动范围较大:虽然水体污染较为严重,浊度高,但是仍有部分沉水植物存在.府河的主要污染源是城镇生活污水和沿途污水地表径流,严格控制...     

Transboundary Pollution between Guangdong Province and Hong Kong: Threats to Water Quality in the Pearl River Estuary and Their Implications for Environmental Policy and Planning

The Pearl River (Zhujiang) is the largest river system in southern China. The river, which is approximately 2200 km long, discharges into the South China Sea through an extensive deltaic area to the west of Hong Kong. Water quality in the river is under threat from a variety of sources associated with industrializationand urbanization in the Pearl River Delta Region (PRDR). Hong Kong's location on the eastern bank of the Pearl River estuary means that the quality of its western marine waters is likely to be increasingly influenced by the Pearl's pollution burden. Little published material exists on pollution in the Pearl River, or the potential impacts of transboundary pollution on marine water quality in Hong Kong. This paper focuses on this issue of transboundary water pollution between the Delta Region and Hong Kong. Specifically, we present the results of a preliminary analysis of water quality data for the Pearl River. The paper demonstrates that the major potential problem affecting the Pearl River is organic pollution, and that the principal sources of pollution affecting the Pearl River estuary, and consequently Hong Kong's western waters, are the Shenzhen River, the upstream Guangzhou section of the Pearl River, and the Dongguan Canal. We estimate that less than 5% of untreated domestic sewage discharges affecting the estuary derive from Hong Kong itself. The paper also discusses the implications of transboundary pollution in the context of environmentalpolicy making in Hong Kong and argues that more extensive and effective co-operation and collaboration between Hong Kong and mainland agencies should be developed to address these concerns.     

拉萨河流域高寒湿地水质影响因子分析

西藏高寒湿地在生态平衡、生态建设和经济社会发展中发挥着重要作用。本文以西藏拉萨河流域内各个典型高寒湿地为研究对象,通过系统聚类法和综合污染指数法,对流域内各项水质指标进行综合分析和评价。结果表明：各个湿地的总N、Cu元素含量都超出了Ⅰ类水质标准;总P、Zn没有超标;Mn元素含量除了塘嘎郭湿地超标3倍外,其他均小于国家标准;Fe元素含量除了塘嘎郭湿地超标7倍外,其他均小于标准。总N、总P、pH值、Cu、Fe等因子对拉萨河流域内各个高寒湿地水质污染贡献最大。拉萨河水体有机污染较重,其余各个湿地有水体富营养化的趋势,同时流域内湿地独特的自然因素造成该流域内重金属污染偏高。对策建议包括应加大对城市污水的治理,加强流域内及周边矿藏资源的开发管理等。     

沱江流域水资源的保护与利用

本文研究了沱江流域水资源的开发利用问题。由于流域内水资源贫乏和开发利用程度较高,枯水期中下游区无法保证水资源的需要。随着工业的发展,沱江水质污染将日趋严重致使枯水期有限的水资源变成不能使用的污水。因此,本文较详细地研究了沱江水质保护规划。在水目标、水污染控制最优方案、总量控制标准、流域水质保护区划等方面进行了探讨,文中从水量和水质两方面着手,根据系统工程原理求得解决水资源问题的最佳方案。     

Spatial and temporal variation in nutrient parameters in stream water in a rural-urban catchment, Shikoku, Japan: effects of land cover and human impact

Seasonal and spatial variations in major ion chemistry and isotope composition in the rural-urban catchment of the Shigenobu River were monitored to determine the influences of agricultural and urban sewage systems on water quality. Temporal patterns of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and suspended sediment (SS) were examined at four sites in the rural-urban catchment. Urban land cover, incorporating the effects of increased population, domestic water use, and industrial wastewater, was positively associated with increases in water pollution and was included as an important explanatory variable for the variations in all water quality parameters. Significant trends were found in each parameter. BOD concentrations ranged widely, and were high in urban regions, due to the presence of a waste water treatment plant. TN and SS showed various trends, but did not vary widely, unlike TP. TP concentrations varied greatly, with high concentrations in cultivated areas, due to fertilizer use. Local water quality management or geology could further explain some of the variations in water quality. Non-point-source pollution exhibited strong positive spatial autocorrelation, indicating that incorporating spatial dimensions into water quality assessment enhances our understanding of spatial patterns of water quality. Data from the Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT) and Environment Ministry (EM) were used to investigate trends in land management. Stepwise regression analysis was used to test the correlation between specific management practises and substance concentrations in surface water and sediment. MLIT and EM data for 1981-2003 showed an increase in TN, TP, and SS concentrations in surface water. High levels of fertilizer in dormant sprays and domestic water use were associated with high pesticide concentrations in water and sediment. This paper presents a novel method of studying the environmental impact of various agricultural management practises and recommends a management strategy that combines the use of reduced-risk pesticides with irrigation and non-irrigation periods in paddy fields.     

Assessment OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY at Large Watershed Scale: Land‐Use,Anthropogenic, and Administrative Impacts

Understanding the impacts that influence water quality is critical to the development of best management practices at the large watershed scale. This study describes the spatiotemporal variation in surface water quality and identifies their main impact in the Haihe River basin, China. Multivariate statistical techniques are applied to analyze the similarities among the sampling sites and to identify the main pollution sources in surface water. Results show that: (1) the basin can be clustered into two regions, water quality being better in the mountainous vs. plain regions; (2) water quality improves due to implementation of a strict state policy on environmental pollution control, prodded by the hosting of the Olympic games in the cities of Beijing and Tianjin; and (3) agricultural and residential land uses as well as livestock‐breeding are the main sources affecting water quality in the mountainous regions, whereas rural waste discharge — including domestic waste sewage, human and animal feces, and solid waste — significantly influences water quality in the plain regions. The waste discharge of industrial factories may be a significant source of water pollution in the plain regions. Results indicate that the environmental management from pollution sinks and sources, long‐lasting legal framework, and adequate economic incentives should be improved to optimize the large‐scale watershed management under the background of the rapid development of countries like China.     

基于城镇污水处理厂运行情况的城镇生活污水污染核算方法——以滇池流域城镇生活污水污染核算为实例

根据城镇污水处理厂运行情况和城市供排水平衡分析提出一种简化的城镇居民生活污染源产排污总量核算的思路与方法,并以滇池流域为例核算了2010年滇池流域城镇居民生活主要污染物产生与排放总量。     

西洋河流域污染的特征研究

随着卢龙县工业及畜牧业的发展及人口的增加,西洋河水域污染日益严重,水质功能已达到Ⅳ类,生态环境遭到严重的破坏。西洋河流域地表污染源主要有工业企业废水、畜禽养殖污水、甘薯淀粉加工废水和农业生产废水等。本文分析了西洋河流域地表水质污染的现状,在严格排查污染源的基础上对其水质特征进行了科学分析。     

基于MIKE 21的长江江山制药排污口水环境影响分析——以江山制药公司污水处理站为例

为分析长江沿岸入河排污口设置对水环境的影响,采用MIKE 21建立了长江马鞍山-高桥段二维非稳态水量水质模型,并以江山制药公司污水处理站为例,对其排污口迁址改建前后的水环境影响进行模拟.结果 表明,较于原排污口排放,拟设排污口在执行新排放标准情况下,对九圩港入江断面水质有改善作用,COD、NH3-N、TP的改善率分别为...