大麦秸秆化感作用方法对农村饮水水源的藻类控制分析

就缺水地区农村饮水水源中藻类控制,介绍了生物化感作用这一处理方法及其原理,提出使用大麦秸秆来进行农村小型池塘的藻类控制方法。实验结果表明,此方法操作简便、效果明显,并具有管理维护简单、运行费用低廉等优势,值得在农村或山区等缺水地区大力推广。     

伊宁市饮用水源地水质变化动态趋势分析

根据近10年的监测数据，对伊宁市饮用水源地水质变化进行动态趋势分析，无显著变化。     

新疆城市集中饮用水源地水质状况调查评价

随着经济社会的发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们对饮用水水质要求也日益关注,但目前城市饮水中普遍存在着水源不足、水污染、安全保障措施薄弱、应急能力低等诸多问题,加强城市饮用水水源地环境保护已经刻不容缓.对饮用水水源地水质状况调查评价为进一步查清我区城市水源地的水质现状、水源保护区内存在的环境问题以及污染源现状,科学制定饮用水水源地保护和管理对策和保障措施提供依据,并为后续饮用水源地环境保护规划工作奠定基础.     

锦州地区地下水饮用水源污染因素及防治对策研究

通过对锦州地区地下水饮用水源水质监测数据分析,评价地下水饮用水源水质现状;针对部分水源水质超标现象,分析其成因,并在实地考察的基础上从工矿企业污染源、生活污染源、养殖业污染源、农业污染源和不合理开采等几方面进一步阐述水源地潜在污染因素;在此基础上从预防、治理、生态修复及加强监管等方面提出地下水饮用水源污染防治对策。     

水库型饮用水水源地一级保护区隔离防护工程研究

依托于地理信息系统空间数据管理和空间信息分析的功能,利用高分辨率遥感影像研究隔离方案划定的技术流程。该技术流程主要包括收集水源地基础资料、解译高分辨率遥感影像、提取土地覆盖分类信息、建立空间数据库、划定物理隔离和生物隔离的区段。该种技术流程也适用于地形复杂、一级保护区面积较大的地下型水源地。     

WATER HARVESTING TREATMENT EVALUATION AT GRANITE REEF1

ABSTRACT: Yearly runoff efficiencies (total runoff/total precipitation), threshold retentions (precipitation needed to initiate runoff), and runoff-efficiencies-after-thresholds were determined for several water-harvesting catchment treatments at the Granite Reef test site. This information was found to be useful for showing (1) overall performance of catchments with time; (2) the distribution of the precipitation among runoff, surface retention, and infiltration; (3) why, how, and when certain treatments weathered and failed; (4) when to repair treatments; and (5) how to design catchments (size, site preparation, material selection, etc.). New impermeable membranes with smooth surfaces yielded nearly 100% of the precipitation. An asphalt-fiberglass treatment continues this high efficiency after 10 years of weathering – polyethylene after 8; efficiency of butyl sheeting was high initially but decreased rapidly after 9 years weathering. A standard roofing treatment retained up to 30% of the precipitation in the gravel covering. A concrete catchment lost as much as 50% of the total precipitation through micropores and surface cracks. Silicone treatments rapidly lost repellancy and efficiency, while paraffin treatments have weathered 5 years with little loss of efficiency.     

农村水源地水质重金属健康风险评估研究

介绍了饮用水水源地中基因毒物质和躯体毒物质所致的健康危害的风险度计算模型,并根据雅安市雨城区农村水源地水质实测资料,进行健康风险评价与分析。结果表明:(1)基因毒物质由饮水途径所致健康危害的个人年风险按大小排列为Cr(VI)>As>Cd,而躯体毒物质的个人年风险按大小排列为Hg>Pb>Mn>Fe,但前者的影响远大于后者;(2)水源地中的3种基因毒物质所致健康危害的个人年风险,远远超过瑞典环保局、荷兰建设和环境部推荐的最大可接受水平1.00×10-6a-1,且Cr(VI)的健康风险危害超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值5.00×10-5a-1,应将Cr(VI)视为本区饮水的优先治理污染物。     

饮用水中藻毒素检测技术研究进展

随着水体富营养化问题日益严重,藻毒素问题成为最近研究的热点,因此迫切需要一种先进、可靠和高效的藻毒素检测技术。本文综述了目前饮用水中关于微囊藻毒素的检测技术,包括动物试验法、细胞毒性检测技术、高效液相色谱技术、毛细管电泳、MMPB法、酶联免疫吸附测定、免疫层析法及蛋白磷酸酶抑制分析法等,并对未来藻毒素检测技术的发展提出了展望。     

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL ＆ GAS FIELDS

This article classifies the atmospheric pollution sources according to the distribution of time, space and production conditions and summarizes the characteristics and hazards of all kinds of pollution sources. Through the analysis of environment impacts caused by pollu- tants, prevention measures for air pollutionin different stages of oil- field development are proposed, in an effort to control regional atmos- pheric environmental quality.     

Point‐Nonpoint Trading – Can It Work?1

Ribaudo, Marc O. and Jessica Gottlieb, 2011. Point‐Nonpoint Trading – Can It Work? Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):5‐14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00454.x Abstract: Water quality trading between point and nonpoint sources is of great interest as an alternative to strict command and control regulations on point sources for achieving water quality goals. The expectation is that trading will reduce the costs of water quality protection, and may speed compliance. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has issued guidance to the States on developing point‐nonpoint trading programs, and United States Department of Agriculture is encouraging farmer participation. However, existing point‐nonpoint trading programs have resulted in very few trades. Supply side and demand side impediments seem to be preventing trades from occurring in most trading programs. These include uncertainty over the number of discharge allowances different management practices can produce, high transactions costs of identifying trading partners, baseline requirements that eliminate low‐cost credits, the reluctance of point sources to trade with unfamiliar agents, and the perception of some farmers that entering contracts with regulated point sources leads to greater scrutiny and potential future regulation. Many of these problems can be addressed through research and program design.     

饮用水源环境保护管理衔接问题研究

饮用水水源管理涉及多个部门,部门间在饮用水水源地确定和保护区划分方面缺少有效衔接。水行政管理部门的职责不清,导致了水源管理效果不佳,水源地是否纳入保护区缺少准确定义等问题。通过对相关法律法规和管理制度进行分析,认为水务和水行政主管部门应加强取水许可管理,由环境保护主管部门负责保护区监管,饮用水水源地按照属地制定水源地名录,环保部门按照名录、技术材料和技术参数组织划分保护区。     

饮用水消毒副产物控制工艺研究进展

通过对氯、二氧化氯、紫外线等常见消毒工艺以及去除已生成消毒副产物的深度处理工艺进行了分析,探讨了各种消毒工艺的消毒性能和对消毒副产物的控制效果以及各种深度处理工艺对消毒副产物的去除性能,为实际水处理中消毒以及深度处理工艺的选择提供了参考。     

水中隐孢子虫的检测技术

本文着重评述了水中隐孢子虫卵囊的检测技术,具体介绍了EPA1622法和1623法、流式细胞计、荧光原位杂交、SPR生物传感器以及PCR等方法,并对其操作技术、检测周期、回收率、检测限、可靠性、敏感性、稳定性以及能否种类鉴别等方面进行了比较。笔者认为我国应致力于开展快速检测卵囊活性与传染性的研究;随着IMS、细胞分类法等纯化手段不断完善,PCR技术对研究水中隐孢子虫的检测将会有更广阔的发展空间。     

Rain Water Harvesting in Bermuda1

Rowe, Mark P., 2011. Rain Water Harvesting in Bermuda. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(6):1219–1227. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00563.x Abstract: Roof‐top rain water harvesting is mandated by law for all buildings in Bermuda and is the primary source of water for domestic supply. The average rate at which rain water is harvested at the typical house with four occupants is, however, insufficient to meet average demand. While just over one‐third of households have access to supplementary water either from mains pipelines or private wells, the majority rely on deliveries from water “truckers” (tankers) to augment their rain water supply. Assuming a reasonably constant daily demand, there is a linear relationship between the “maximum optimum capacity” of a water storage tank and the size of the rain water catchment area, which depends on the characteristics of the rainfall at a given geographic location. A simple spreadsheet model was developed to simulate tank storage levels for various combinations of catchment area, tank capacity, and demand, with an input of actual daily rainfall data for a study period of nearly three years. It was found that for typical cycles of rainfall surpluses and deficits in Bermuda, the tank capacity which there is no benefit in exceeding — the “optimum maximum capacity”— is 0.37 m³ of storage capacity per 1 m² of catchment area. Furthermore, it was concluded that many domestic water storage tanks in Bermuda are larger than necessary, especially so where there is a significant imbalance between rain water supply and demand.