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为研究辽东湾表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的来源特征,2014年5月采集了20个辽东湾海域表层沉积物样品,并利用气相色谱质谱联用仪对优先控制的16种PAHs进行测定,采用聚类分析、主成分分析-多元线性回归分析、异构体比值3种统计方法对辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs来源特征进行了研究。结果表明,辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs含量范围88.5~199.3 ng·g-1,平均值为(126.3±35.3)ng·g-1,其中,萘、菲和荧蒽是PAHs优势组分。通过统计分析结果表明,辽东湾北部表层沉积物中PAHs含量低于西南部,沉积物中PAHs的来源包括石油燃烧来源、煤炭、木材等生物质燃烧来源和石油来源,其中燃烧来源是主要来源,煤炭、木材等生物质燃烧来源占49.9%,石油燃烧来源和石油来源占50.1%。 相似文献
2.
采用化学质量平衡模型(CMB)对徐州市大气颗粒物中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行来源分析,从而来确定各个源对大气的PAHs贡献值。主要通过利用大流量采样器配置PM10切割头在冬季和夏季对不同功能区,即生活区、工业区和旅游区采样大气中的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品,并用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)重点分析和研究了美国环保局(EPA)列出的16种PHAS优先污染物。研究结果表明:徐州市PM10污染比较严重,PM10污染质量浓度水平冬季是(288.81μg·m-3)大于夏季(276.34μg·m-3),特别是工业区,污染数值达到393.13μg·m-3。夏季的总PAHs质量浓度为22.89 ng·m-3,分别是生活区28.35 ng·m-3、工业区21.75 ng·m-3和旅游区18.58 ng·m-3。冬季的总PAHs质量浓度为306.29 ng·m-3,分别是工业区388.03 ng·m-3、生活区276.29 ng·m-3和旅游区254.28 ng·m-3。夏季和冬季情况下,旅游区的污染相对来说都是最低的PM10中多环芳烃的源解析结果为,煤烟尘污染源的全年贡献率为64.00%,冬季煤烟尘污染源的贡献率为66.51%,夏季煤烟尘污染源的贡献率为57.21%,说明煤烟尘是PM10中多环芳烃的主要贡献源,土壤尘次之,全年贡献率为24.90%,冬季为25.48%,夏季为28.97%,因此,扬尘和烟煤尘的污染是徐州市的PM10中PAHs的最主要来源。 相似文献
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珠江水体表层沉积物中PAHs的含量与来源研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
沿珠江白鹅潭水域及大学城官州河流域设立6个采样点,利用沉积物捕获器收集沉积物。参照美国EPA8000系列方法及质量保证和质量控制,对各采样点表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)进行分析,以阐明珠江广州河段表层沉积物中PAHs的含量和分布特征,并结合特征化合物指数对其来源作初步探讨。珠江广州河段表层沉积物中PAHs总量介于4 787.5~8 665 ng·g^-1,平均值为7 078 ng·g^-1,黄沙码头河涌出口沉积物中总量为最高(8 665 ng·g^-1),芳村码头为最低(4 787.5 ng·g^-1)。16种多环芳烃中菲、荧蒽、芘含量较高,分别占PAHs总量的16.11%、14.47%和17.77%。特征化合物荧蒽/202比值均小于0.5,茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘/276比值均大于0.2,表明珠江广州段表层沉积物中PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧。 相似文献
5.
南京地区PCB52多介质迁移归趋行为模拟及环境风险评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用多介质逸度模型对PCB52在南京地区空气、水体、土壤和沉积物中的浓度分布与多介质间的迁移、归趋行为进行模拟研究并分析PCB52在研究区域环境多介质间的迁移通量,确定其在环境中的主要迁移过程;结合文献中的监测数据,对模型的可靠性进行验证;对模型的输入参数进行灵敏度分析;通过模拟浓度与实际浓度的对比,表明模型在该地区具有很好的适用性。结果表明,环境系统达到平衡时,PCB52在沉积物中的含量占其在环境系统总含量的96.12%;PCB52从环境系统中的消失途径主要为空气平流输出和空气降解;环境温度和空气平流输入是影响化合物在环境相中浓度分布的最主要因素。此外,PCB52初步的生态风险评价表明其对生态环境未构成严重威胁,但潜在危害仍不容忽视。 相似文献
6.
Mehrzad Keshavarzifard Farid Moore Behnam Keshavarzi Reza Sharifi 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(2):721-735
Surface sediment samples were collected from intertidal zone of Asaluyeh, Persian Gulf, to investigate distribution, sources and health risk of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total PAH concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 81.2 μg kg?1 dry weight, which can be categorized as low level of pollution. Qualitative and quantitative assessments showed that PAHs originated from both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources with slight pyrogenic dominance. Source apportionment using principal component analysis indicated that the main sources of PAHs were fossil fuel combustion (33.59%), traffic-related PAHs (32.77%), biomass and coal combustion (18.54%) and petrogenic PAHs (9.31%). According to the results from the sediment quality guidelines, mean effects range-median quotient (M-ERM-Q) and benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalents (BaPeq), low negative ecological risks related to PAH compounds would occur in the intertidal zone of Asaluyeh. The total benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) toxic equivalent quotient (TEQcarc) for carcinogenic compounds ranged from 0.01 to 7 μg kg?1-BaPeq, indicating low carcinogenic risk. The human health risk assessment of PAH compounds via ingestion and dermal pathways suggests low and moderate potential risk to human health, respectively. 相似文献
7.
Water samples from 20 locations on rivers in the Tongzhou District of Beijing were collected four times from July 2005 to
March 2006. In addition, sediment samples were collected in July 2005. All samples were analyzed for 16 US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) priority pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The concentration, distribution, seasonal variation,
and sources of the 16 PAH compounds identified in the water samples, suspended particles, and surface sediments were then
evaluated. The concentrations of PAHs in the water and suspended particle and surface sediment samples ranged from 87.3 to
1,890 ng l−1, 1,330 to 27,700 ng g−1, and 156 to 8,650 ng g−1, respectively. These results demonstrated that rivers in the Tongzhou District of Beijing had a high level of PAH pollution,
especially in the suspended particles. The highest and lowest concentrations of PAHs in the water samples were observed in
summer and spring. However, the seasonal variations in the concentration of PAHs in the suspended particles were more complicated.
The dominant compounds in the water, suspended particle, and surface sediment samples were two-, three- and four-ring PAH
compounds, respectively. Ratio analysis illustrated that fuel-burning was the primary source of PAHs in the study area. Gasoline,
diesel, coal, and coke oven sources were identified and the contributions of the different fuel-burning sources were then
calculated using factor analysis and multiple linear regression. These analyses revealed that coal combustion, gasoline combustion
plus coke oven emission, and diesel combustion accounted for 38.8%, 38.5%, and 22.7% of the PAHs in suspended particles, respectively. 相似文献
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Vertical distribution and environmental significance of PAHs in soil profiles in Beijing,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vertical distribution of both the concentration and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ten profiles
in Beijing has been investigated. The results showed that PAH concentrations and compositions in topsoil from different sampling
sites were different. PAH concentrations were much higher in topsoil of the investigated urban area, industrial region, and
paddy field with wastewater irrigation than in other areas. Moreover, PAH concentrations in topsoil were much higher than
those at greater depth, where the concentrations were relatively consistent in most soil profiles. The fingerprints of PAHs
in the samples from topsoil (0–30 cm) in the same profiles were similar and were obviously different from those at greater
depth, suggesting that PAH sources were consistent in topsoil samples and were discriminating between topsoil and deeper soils.
PAHs in topsoil mainly arose from mixed sources of combustion of liquid fuel, coal, and/or wood, as well as wastewater irrigation,
while those at greater depth were derived from soil genesis and the process of soil formation. 相似文献
10.
环渤海北部沿海地区表层土壤中PAHs的污染特征及风险评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
系统采集了环渤海北部沿海地区31个表层土壤样品,利用GC/MS分析了16种USEPA优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量和组分特征,运用主成分因子载荷法揭示了其污染来源,并初步评价了其风险水平.结果表明,沿海地区65%的土壤已被污染,最高污染样点PAHs含量达920.4ng·g-1,平均含量309.5ng·g-1,与国内外相关研究比较,处于中低等污染水平.各类燃料的不完全燃烧是该地区土壤中PAHs的主要来源,石油类挥发或泄漏对采油区土壤中PAHs的累积影响显著. 相似文献
11.
This report evidences the fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from urban to rural areas, and a higher
contribution of coal and wood combustion in rural areas. PAHs are persistent semi-volatile organic pollutants in the environment.
PAHs originate from the incompleted combustion of fossil fuel and biomass. Cities are usually considered as primary sources
of PAHs. Due to different types and loads of fuel consumption in various functional areas of a city, the levels and composition
profiles of PAHs are expected to be different. We, therefore, studied the mechanisms ruling PAH distributions in soils from
a major Chinese city. Seventeen soil samples were collected in urban traffic areas, residential and park areas, suburban areas
and rural areas of Dalian, northeastern China. PAHs were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography. The composition
profiles and seasonal variation of PAHs were investigated. Results show that the proportions of low-weight molecular PAHs
to total PAHs increased with urban-suburban-rural gradient. This trend is explained by the “urban fractionation” of PAHs.
Furthermore, the spring/autumn ratios of PAH concentrations were higher than 1. Specifically, the spring/autumn ratio was
1.79 for two ring PAHs, 1.42 for three ring PAHs, and lower than 1.20 for five and six ring PAHs. The spring/autumn ratios
of phenanthrene were higher than 1 and increased with increasing distance from the urban areas. The results imply that the
contribution of coal and wood combustion PAHs increases with the urban-suburban-rural gradient. 相似文献
12.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the urban atmosphere and the atmospheric pollutants to be identified
as the most suspected carcinogens. In early measurements of urban PAH concentrations in Tehran area, the correlation between
concentrations of different species indicated that automobiles were the predominant source of emission of PAHs in this city.
From the diagnostic ratios, the results indicated that PAHs in the ambient air in Tehran originate primarily from diesel and
gasoline engines, but contribution of the related diesel emission is apparently higher, or dominant, at the sampling sites
and therefore considered as the major emission of PAHs in the ambient air. 相似文献
13.
Mining activities are among the major culprits of the wide occurrences of soil and water pollution by PAHs in coal district, which have resulted in ecological fragilities and health risk for local residents. Sixteen PAHs in multimedia environment from the Heshan coal district of Guangxi, South China, were measured, aiming to investigate the contamination level, distribution and possible sources and to estimate the potential health risks of PAHs. The average concentrations of 16 PAHs in the coal, coal gangue, soil, surface water and groundwater were 5114.56, 4551.10, 1280.12 ng g?1, 426.98 and 381.20 ng L?1, respectively. Additionally, higher soil and water PAH concentrations were detected in the vicinities of coal or coal gangue dump. Composition analysis, isomeric ratio, Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis were performed to diagnose the potential sources of PAHs in different environmental matrices, suggesting the dominant inputs of PAHs from coal/coal combustion and coal gangue in the soil and water. Soil and water guidelines and the incremental lifetime risk (ICLR) were used to assess the health risk, showing that soil and water were heavily contaminated by PAHs, and mean ICLRcoal/coal-gangue and mean ICLRsoil were both significantly higher than the acceptable levels (1 × 10?4), posing high potential carcinogenic risk to residents, especially coal workers. This study highlights the environmental pollution problems and public health concerns of coal mining, particularly the potential occupational health hazards of coal miners exposed in Heshan. 相似文献
14.
Qianqian Gao Xiaojing Zhu Qihuang Wang Kaili Zhou Xiaohui Lu Zimeng Wang Xiaofei Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(1):10
15.
PAHs were sampled in ten homes in the Makwanpur region, Nepal. SPMDs and moss bags (Sphagnum girgensohnii) were used as passive samplers. Soot particles on the SPMD surfaces were also analyzed for PAHs. The overall PAH concentrations in SPMDs were significantly higher than those in moss bags. Total PAH mean concentrations of ten houses were 535μg/g lipid for SPMDs and 7.2 μg/g moss (dw) for moss bags. Ratios of phenanthrene/anthracene in indoor SPMDs and particulate matter varied from 2.9 to 3.5 and ratios of fluoranthene/pyrene varied from 1.1 to 1.4. The values for moss bags were respectively 1.7–3.6 and 0.8–2.4. These ratios indicate that the PAHs are from combustion origin. The PAH concentrations in ambient air were estimated as B(a)P TEQs and they were 17–64 times higher than acceptable limit for Finnish community air. Based on PAH levels in the gas phase (SPMD) we may expect PAHs to have an impact on respiratory disease prevalence in Nepalese villages. Both of the sampling methods were feasible in the difficult conditions under which the study was performed. 相似文献
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长江三角洲河网地区典型城镇街尘中多环芳烃的污染特征 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
街尘是一种重要的环境介质,其携带的污染物在城镇化过程中对河网地区的水环境构成了一定的威胁.为初步探讨长江三角洲河网地区典型街尘中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征,以杭嘉湖平原河网地区饮用水水源河流上游典型小城镇的街尘为研究对象,对工业区、交通干道、旧居区、新居区和商业区5种土地利用类型的15个采样点进行街尘样品采集和粒径分级,测试街尘的密度、有机质含量以及16种U.S.EPA优控PAHs含量等指标.结果表明,粒径为<63、63~125、125~250和250~900μm街尘中总多环芳烃(∑PAHs)的平均含量分别为7261、5835、4660和2909μg·kg-1,粒径越小,PAHs含量越高,其生态风险越大.不同土地利用类型的街尘中PAHs的含量顺序依次为:工业区>交通干道>旧居区>新居区>商业区.街尘中PAHs和有机质含量存在显著正相关关系,且街尘粒径越小,有机质和PAHs的相关性越强.源解析结果表明,街尘中的PAHs多为燃烧源. 相似文献
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Lichens to distinguish urban from industrial PAHs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vertika Shukla D. K. Patel D. K. Upreti M. Yunus 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(2):159-164
This paper shows that lichens can be used as biomonitors to distinguish urban from industrial polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs). PAHs are atmospheric pollutants originating mainly from incomplete combustion of fuels in vehicles and industry. The
occurrence of PAHs in air is a serious health issue in urban areas and industrial areas because some PAHs are carcinogenic.
Biomonitoring PAHs with lichens is generally applied for quantification of PAHs. However, the precise sources of PAHs are
not well known. Here we use lichen to trace the source of PAHs. PAHs were analyzed in Pyxine subcinerea Stirton, a lichen species collected from twelve sites which vary from urban and industrial to periurban forest area of Haridwar,
in the foothills of the Indian Himalayas. Total PAH concentration ranged between 1.25 and 187.3 μg g−1. Results indicate a clear distinction between urban and industrial PAHs profile, using principal component analysis. Lichen
sampled from industrial sites exhibited higher concentrations of two-, five-, and six-ringed PAHs, up to 60% of total PAHs,
while samples from urban sites were dominated by four-ringed PAHs, predominantly fluoranthene and acenaphthylene. Molecular
ratios indicate that combustion was the dominant source of origin of PAHs in industrial area, while urban sites showed mixed
origin of PAHs, both pyro- and petrogenic. 相似文献
18.
The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑ 16PAHs) were measured by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS) in 56 topsoil samples around Guanting Reservior (GTR), which is an important water source for Beijing. Low to medium levels of PAH contamination (mean=394.2±580.7 ng g?1 dry weight (d.w.)) was evident throughout the region. In addition, localised areas of high PAH contamination near steel and cement factories were identified, with ∑ 16PAHs concentrations as high as 4110 ng/g, dry weight (d.w.). There was a significant positive correlation (r2=0.570, p<0.01) between total organic carbon content and ∑ 16PAHs concentrations. Phenanthrene was the predominant compound, accounting for 27.2% of the ∑ PAH concentration, followed by chrysene>pyrene>benzo[a]anthracene≈ benzo[b]fluoranthene≈ benzo[a]pyrene. Four-ring PAH homologues (39%) were dominant. The higher proportion of 4–6 ring homologues, molecular indices, and the spatial distribution of PAH indicated that industrial discharges, incineration of wastes and traffic discharges were the major sources of soil PAHs around the water reservoir. 相似文献
19.
广东典型湿地环境沉积物及鱼体中多环芳烃的污染特征及风险评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解广东典型湿地环境表层沉积物及鱼体中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征,分别于2014年10月和2015年4月采集沉积物及鱼类样品,分析其中16种US EPA优控多环芳烃的主要来源和风险。结果表明,广东典型湿地环境表层沉积物中多环芳烃的含量范围为139.4~1 134.3 ng·g~(-1)干重,鱼类肌肉中多环芳烃含量范围为11.1~33.9 ng·g~(-1)湿重。表层沉积物中有机碳与不同环数的多环芳烃含量均呈现显著的正相关关系。来源分析的结果表明,研究区域表层沉积物中多环芳烃的主要来源为石油排放及燃烧来源的混合。风险评估的结果表明,该区域表层沉积物中多环芳烃存在一定的生态风险,需引起重视;通过食用鱼类造成的致癌风险为2.25×10~(-6)~4.23×10~(-6),略高于美国环保局(US EPA)推荐的可接受风险(10~(-6)),存在一定的潜在致癌风险。对于成年人来说,研究区域鱼类肌肉中多环芳烃产生致癌风险允许的最大日食用量(CR_(lim))范围为124.5~234.6 g·d~(-1),尽管食用这几种鱼的致癌风险不大,居民摄入时仍应加以控制。 相似文献
20.
Urban areas in developing countries are facing vast environmental problems as a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization. Of major concern is the contamination of soils which are increasingly becoming sinks for environmental pollutants. However, to date only little is known about the pollution in the megalopolises of developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the contamination and potential sources of metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the urban environment of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. The investigation revealed the presence of most of the analyzed pollutants in soil and sediment samples with total concentrations (dry wt) of PAHs ranging from 186 to 3150?µg?kg?1, PCBs from 0.4 to 19?µg?kg?1, Cu from 14 to 173?mg?kg?1, Zn from 36 to 440?mg?kg?1, Pb from 9 to 700?mg?kg?1, and Ni from 16 to 72?mg?kg?1. In addition, polyaromatic sulfur heterocycles, typical for oil and petrol residues, were detected in several soil samples. Source identification approaches revealed that Pb, Zn, and Cu are most likely derived from pyrolytic sources, with elevated values in samples related to waste combustion and traffic emissions. Ni is most probably of geogenic origin. For PCBs it is indicated that they are derived from a single source. However, correlations with technical PCB mixtures were inconsistent. PAHs originate from the combustion of biomass, vehicular exhausts, and petrogenic sources. 相似文献