沥青烟中苯并(a)芘的等速采样与监测

新的大气污染综合排放标准对沥青及碳素制品生产和加工制定了沥青烟和苯并(a)芘的排放标准,然而空气和废气监测分析方法没有给出沥青烟气中苯并(a)芘的分析方法.为此,用色谱固定液滤筒及新设计的富集器等速采样,进行沥青烟苯并(a)芘的分析,为执行新的大气污染综合排放标准提供了实用技术.     

不同粒径空气颗粒物中11种多环芳烃的分析测定

将五段多孔冲击分级器 (粒径分级 :≤ 1 .1 ,1 .1～ 2 .0 ,2 .0～ 3 .3 ,3 .3～ 7.0 ,≥ 7.0μm)与大流量采样器连接 ,采集呼和浩特市冬夏两季空气颗粒物样品 ,用高压液相色谱仪 (HPLC)测定样品中的蒽 (An)、菲 (Ph)、萤蒽 (Fl)、芘 (Py)、(Ch)、苯并 [a]蒽 (Ba A)、苯并 [a]芘 (Ba P)、二甲基苯并 [a]蒽 (DMBa A)、二苯并 [ah]蒽 (DBah A)、苯并 [ghi] (Bghi P)和晕苯 (Cor)等 1 1种多环芳烃化合物 (PAHs)。数据表明 :呼和浩特市空气颗粒物中 PAHs的浓度较高 ;有约 97%的 PAHs富集于可吸入颗粒中。     

广州近郊主干道(广佛公路)机动车排放有机污染物监测与研究

气溶胶采样点位于广州近郊主干道(广佛公路)边缘及两侧.采样分两种时间类型,一种为白天和夜晚分别采样,另一种为连续24h采样,连续采集三天,以作对比研究.使用仪器为国产大体积采样器.样品经超声波抽提和层析柱分离得到正构烷烃、芳烃(AHs)和极性组分等三种有机组分.对PAHs进行GC-MS分析,气溶胶中具有较高含量的芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、茬、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3一cd]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝等.通过TSP研究认为,主干道的机动车排放和扬尘是气溶胶的主要来源,多环芳烃从机动车排放出后在迁移扩散过程中因质量数差异而发生分离效应.通过对比可知,该区域测点多环芳烃有机污染物极大程度地高出环境背景区.     

某大型化工企业周边居民区积尘中多环芳烃调查及健康风险评价

以江苏省某大型化工企业周边居民区为研究区域,调查企业主导风的下风向2 km范围内的居民区以及对照区积尘中多环芳烃(PAHs)含量,对16种PAHs污染分布和特征进行研究,并评估积尘PAHs通过暴露途径对人群健康风险。结果表明:居民区积尘中16种PAHs全部检出,污染区∑PAHs均值为2 294μg/kg,明显高于对照区145μg/kg;污染区7个测点中有6个测点苯并(a)芘出现超标,超标倍数为0. 17～2. 5倍;所测的16种PAHs化合物中蒽、荧蒽、芘、、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘浓度相对较高;通过PAHs主成分分析和特征比值判断,不完全燃烧源对积尘中PAHs贡献率达77. 4%,污染区PAHs来源呈现石油燃烧、煤燃烧以及石油源的复合污染特征,对照区PAHs主要来源为煤的不完全燃烧;以苯并(a)芘毒性等效浓度进行风险评估,污染区致癌风险值明显高于对照区,儿童摄入PAHs风险总体高于成人;对照区儿童和成人致癌风险均小于1×10~(-6),不存在致癌风险;污染区儿童和成人平均致癌风险值分别为3. 95×10~(-6)、2. 65×10~(-6),在可接受范围内,但存在潜在致癌风险。     

沈阳市大型超市室内环境污染物监测

针对沈阳市5家大型超市监测,结果显示在9项共48个超标数据中有41个集中在二氧化碳、温度、苯并(a)芘和总挥发性有机物等4项指标中。其中二氧化碳超标最为普遍,超标率为64.0%;温度超标率为40.0%;苯并(a)芘超标率为36.0%;总挥发性有机物超标率为24.0%;苯、甲苯和二甲苯超标率分别为4.0%8、.0%和4.0%;氨超标率为8.7%;甲醛超标率为4.2%。     

超高效液相色谱测定地表水中超痕量苯并(a)芘及其前处理干扰研究

本研究采用液液萃取-超高效液相色谱仪接荧光检测器测定地表水中超痕量的苯并(a)芘,仪器检出限为0.005ng/m L,水样分析方法检测限为0.05ng/L,可对地表水中超痕量的苯并(a)芘实现定量检测。通过验证试验发现在实验室分析水样时,二氯甲烷等萃取溶剂中含有少量的苯并(a)芘是导致空白干扰的主要因素,溶剂经蒸馏提纯后可排除干扰。     

河南省主要城市饮用水源水中多环芳烃污染状况的研究

对河南省主要城市饮用水源水中多环芳烃的污染状况进行了初步研究 ,结果表明 ,河南省主要城市饮用水源水普遍受到多环芳烃的污染 ,主要污染因子为萘、蒽、菲、芘、荧蒽、芴以及强致癌性物质苯并 (a)芘 ,而且苯并 (a)芘有超标情况出现     

用高速液体色谱法分析多环芳烃

1.前言 多环芳烃(以下简称PAH)是燃烧化石燃料等物质时产生的。近年来,PAH愈来愈受到人们的关注,其中,苯并(a)芘(以下简称BaP)等具有致癌性的临床病例很多,已被定为大气污染的指示物。PAH的分析可按环境厅编写的“大气污染物质测定指南Ⅰ”规定执行,即先用薄层色谱法(以下简称TLC)分离,再用荧光分光光度计测定最大吸收波长。这是相当麻烦费事的,近年来迅速发展的高速液体色谱法为PAH的分析提供了多成分同时分析的有效手段,并已从环境大气中检出了数十种PAH。本文用高速液体色谱法在固定波长处对吸收波长比较靠近的4种PAH进行了分析,它们是苯并(b)萤蒽(BbF)、苯并(k)萤蒽(B(k)F)、苯并(ghi)芘(BghiP)和Bap。     

煤化工厂烟气中苯并(a)芘现状监测分析

通过试验建立了煤化工厂烟气中苯并(a)芘的液相色谱监测分析方法.通过条件优化,用配有荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪分析烟气样品中苯并(a)芘的含量,该方法以乙腈、水梯度比例混合作为流动相;流速为1.0 ml/min;激发波长为255nm、发射波长为420nm;保留时间为27.38 min,测定检出限为2×10-3μg/m3...     

马鞍山市大气环境中苯并(a)芘分布与变化规律研究

研究了马鞍山市大气环境中苯并（a）芘的分布与变化规律，监测了马鞍山市各功能区，新老市区的居民区及交通要道大气环境中苯并（a）芘的含量，该市功能区内的工业区大气中苯并（a）芘污染严重，最高质量浓度达50．31ng/m^3，居民区内老市大气中的苯并（a）芘污染明显高于新市区，究其原因，老市区是马鞍山，市工业发源地，属居民，商业及工业混合区，研究中发现，大气中苯并（a）芘含量高低有季节性的昼夜变化现象，时空分布和迁移变化规律明显，并且大气中总悬浮颗粒物与苯并（a)芘的相关性显著。     

环境空气中多环芳烃类测定方法研究

采用自行研究制作的采样装置采集环境空气(包括气相和颗粒物)中的多环芳烃,用乙醚-正己烷混合溶剂提取,提取液经硅胶柱净化后,用液相色谱检测。并就PAHs在大气环境中的存在状态进行了研究。     

膜、柱串联固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中多环芳烃(PAHs)的研究

建立了用膜-柱串联固相萃取(SPE)技术,甲醇和水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外和荧光检测器串联的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析水中EPA优先监控的16种PAHs的方法.     

水中痕量多环芳烃(PAHs)类环境污染物检测方法的研究

对水中多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）检测方法进行了系统研究,采用固相萃取技术进行样品前处理,以取代传统的液液萃取,并建立了优化的ＰＡＨｓ液相色谱分析条件,可以适用于美国ＥＰＡ优先监控的水中１６种ＰＡＨｓ的同时分析     

淮南市秋季大气可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染特征分析

2007年秋季在淮南市五个采样点采集大气可吸入颗粒物样品,用色谱-质谱法分析多环芳烃中16种优控污染物.结果显示,交通区PAHs浓度最高;PAHs以四环为主,二环所占比例最小;PM10与ΣPAHs成显著正相关关系,与苯并[a]芘成显著正相关;采用比值法对准南市PM10中的PAHs进行来源分析,得到PAHs主要来源于交通源及燃煤排放.     

大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的源解析方法

综述了用于大气颗粒物中多环芳烃（PAHs)源解析的主要定性、定量方法、并对其优缺点作了总结。比值法多用于定性解析，化学质量平衡法（CMB）要求源的成分谱较全面，而多元统计法则要求输入的数据较多。由于缺乏各污染源较完整的PAHs成分谱，且PAHs易发生化学反应，所以CMB法难以广泛推广，而多元统计法对源成分谱，且PAHs易发生化学反应，所以CMB法难以广泛推广，而多元统计不对源成分谱要求低，且不需要考虑PAHs的降解，因而具有推广价值。     

Receptor modeling for source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmosphere

This study reports source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate depositions on vegetation foliages near highway in the urban environment of Lucknow city (India) using the principal components analysis/absolute principal components scores (PCA/APCS) receptor modeling approach. The multivariate method enables identification of major PAHs sources along with their quantitative contributions with respect to individual PAH. The PCA identified three major sources of PAHs viz. combustion, vehicular emissions, and diesel based activities. The PCA/APCS receptor modeling approach revealed that the combustion sources (natural gas, wood, coal/coke, biomass) contributed 19–97% of various PAHs, vehicular emissions 0–70%, diesel based sources 0–81% and other miscellaneous sources 0–20% of different PAHs. The contributions of major pyrolytic and petrogenic sources to the total PAHs were 56 and 42%, respectively. Further, the combustion related sources contribute major fraction of the carcinogenic PAHs in the study area. High correlation coefficient (R ² > 0.75 for most PAHs) between the measured and predicted concentrations of PAHs suggests for the applicability of the PCA/APCS receptor modeling approach for estimation of source contribution to the PAHs in particulates.     

Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tea and Coffee Samples of Mumbai City (India) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

This paper describes a method for quantification of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tea and coffee samples of Mumbai City with the help of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS detector. This method is based on liquid–liquid extraction followed by clean up with C-18 cartridge. Concentration of total PAHs in different brands of tea and coffee samples varied from 18.79 to 31.37 μg/L and from 16.47 to 18.24 μg/L, respectively. Mean concentration of total PAHs was 27.56 μg/L in tea and 17.20 μg/L in coffee. Recoveries at different concentration levels were higher than 68% in samples of tea and coffee. Detection limit was found to be low (0.0006 ng) for anthracene and highest (0.174 ng) for naphthalene with relative standard deviation between 0.4%–7%.     

Supercritical fluid extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from white pine (Pinus strobus) needles and its implications

A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method was developed for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from fresh and fallen pine needles. Toluene-modified CO2 was used as the extracting fluid, and the extracted PAHs were analyzed by GC-MS. Using a two-stage extraction procedure, a static extraction at 180 degrees C and a dynamic extraction at 60 degrees C, and an in-cell silica gel plug plus a post-oven silica gel column, the extraction and fractionation of PAHs can be accomplished in one step. Over a seven month period, a significant variation was observed for PAHs in urban samples, while PAHs in mountain samples were at much lower levels (by a factor of approximately 8) and showed little seasonal change. Although dry fallen needles and fresh needles contained similar amounts of PAHs, in the fallen needles the lower molecular weight PAHs were partially lost while the higher molecular weight PAHs were slightly enriched. Pollution in urban areas was found to be highly localized, and buildings and trees are believed to be important factors in the restriction of atmospheric PAHs.     

Comparison of pressurized fluid extraction, Soxhlet extraction and sonication for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air and diesel exhaust particulate matter

In order to characterize and compare the chemical composition of diesel particulate matter and ambient air samples collected on filters, different extraction procedures were tested and their extraction efficiencies and recoveries determined. This study is an evaluation of extraction methods using the standard 16 EPA PAHs with HPLC fluorescence analysis. Including LC analysis also GC and MS methods for the determination of PAHs can be used. Soxhlet extraction was compared with ultrasonic agitation and pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) using three solvents to extract PAHs from diesel exhaust and urban air particulates. The selected PAH compounds of soluble organic fractions were analyzed by HPLC with a multiple wavelength shift fluorescence detector. The EPA standard mixture of 16 PAH compounds was used as a standard to identify and quantify diesel exhaust-derived PAHs. The most effective extraction method of those tested was pressurized fluid extraction using dichloromethane as a solvent.     

Determination of gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a simple direct method using thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

In the last decade, the development of novel analytical methodologies enabled the identification of several environmental pollutants responsible for health problems associated with indoor exposure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the potential hazardous chemicals present in ambient air. Due to their bioaccumulation potential and carcinogenic/mutagenic effects, 16 PAHs are currently listed as priority air pollutants. The main goal of this work was to implement a new and simple method for sampling and determination of PAHs in air by using a thermal desorption (TD) technique followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis. A detailed study was carried out to optimise the experimental method in each of its phases, including (active) sampling, TD and chromatographic analysis. The results demonstrate that this approach allowed the detection and quantification of the six more volatile PAHs, namely, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene. Acceptable precision and good linearity over the explored range were obtained. No carry-over was observed during experimental tests and the method provided a reproducible answer. The applicability of the novel methodology was tested in real environment, namely, on the roof of a building in an urban area, in a domestic kitchen and in a collective car garage. The method enabled the identification of two PAHs in the field samples, specifically, naphthalene (two rings) and phenanthrene (three rings). With regard to PAHs sample composition, the most abundant PAH found, in the three different locations, was naphthalene, accounting for about 84–100 % of the total PAH mass detected.