Estimation of Avian Influenza Viruses in Water Environments of Live Poultry Markets in Changsha,China, 2014 to 2018

Food and Environmental Virology - In routine surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in the environments of live poultry markets (LPMs), certain samples were positive for AIVs type A while...     

Detection of Enteric Viruses from Wastewater and River Water in Botswana

Food and Environmental Virology - Waterborne diseases remain a public health concern in developing countries where many lack access to safe water. Water testing mainly uses bacterial indicators to...     

International Standardisation of a Method for Detection of Human Pathogenic Viruses in Molluscan Shellfish

The viruses primarily associated with shellfish-borne illness are norovirus, causing gastroenteritis and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Recent years have seen a proliferation of publications on methods for detection of these viruses in shellfish using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, currently no standard harmonised procedures have been published. Standardisation is necessary before virus methods can be considered for adoption within a regulatory framework. A European standardisation working group is developing a two-part (quantitative and qualitative) standard method for virus detection in foodstuffs, including shellfish, which has the potential to be incorporated into EU legislation as a reference method. This article describes the development of the standard method and outlines the key methodology principles adopted, the controls and other quality assurance measures supporting the method and future necessary developments in the area.     

Surfactant Treatment for Efficient Gene Detection of Enteric Viruses and Indicators in Surface Water Concentrated by Ultrafiltration

Food and Environmental Virology - The hollow fiber ultrafiltration (HFUF)-based microbial concentration method is widely applied for monitoring pathogenic viruses and microbial indicators in...     

微塑料在水中的检测与鉴别方法研究

存在于水环境中的微塑料已逐渐引起人们的关注,有关水环境中微塑料的存在状况已有相关文献进行了阐述,该文归纳了微塑料的收集、预处理及检测方法。目前,针对水环境中微塑料的定量定性分析尚未建立相应的标准,一些研究数据之间可比性较差。急需开发相应的收集、预处理及检测方法,以提高方法的准确度及精确度。     

地表水中阿特拉津检测方法的研究

利用固相萃取的方法对水样中的阿特拉津进行富集、洗脱和浓缩,得到了良好的分离效果、较宽的线性关系和较高的灵敏度,建立了水体中阿特拉津的高效液相色谱检测法。能达到地表水环境质量标准GB3838-2002中的要求。确定了固相萃取方法的相关条件,并在0.4 mg/L的阿特拉津标准样品下对色谱条件进行了优化,得出流动相配比在80～20,柱流速在0.45 mL/min,DAD检测波长为262 nm时,检测最佳。应用此检测条件得出标准曲线为y=0.229 6x+0.007 6,R2=0.999 3。用该方法实现了对地表水中阿特拉津的检测。     

Gastroenteric Viruses Detection in a Drinking Water Distribution-to-Consumption System in a Low-Income Community in Rio de Janeiro

Food and Environmental Virology - The availability of drinking water is one of the main determinants of quality of life, disease prevention and the promotion of health. Viruses are important agents...     

快速测定水中大肠菌群的方法研究

水质常规监测中,大肠菌群的检测采用的是传统的多管发酵法,由于传统方法费时费力,在水样多及时间紧的情况下,越来越不能满足实际监测的需要,本研究工作旨在建立一种快速检测的新方法,即在初发酵管中加入一定浓度的革兰氏阳性菌抑菌剂和显色剂,直接依据产酸产气及溶液颜色的变化,推算出水样中大肠菌群的含量。通过大量对比实验,最终完成了革兰氏阳性菌抑菌剂种类、浓度和显色剂浓度的确定工作,并用所购菌种进行了对比实验,结果证明,该方法准确性较好,与传统的多管发酵法进行比对,两种方法所测结果经统计学检验无显著性差异。     

电极法测定降水中的氟化物

电极法测定降水中的氟具有选择性好、灵敏度高、线性范围宽，降水中的浑浊和色度不影响测定的特点，测定范围为0.05-1900mg/L，应用文中所拟测定降水中氟化物，结果令人满意。     

Application of an Improved Micro-amount of Virion Enrichment Technique (MiVET) for the Detection of Avian Influenza A Virus in Spiked Chicken Meat Samples

Food and Environmental Virology - Highly sensitive detection of pathogens is effective for screening meat during quarantine inspection and export. The “micro-amount of virion enrichment...     

Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Avian Faecal Droppings and Their Impact on Survival of Avian Influenza Virus

Environmental specimens such as faecal droppings are considered important for the detection of avian influenza viruses (AIV). In view of lower rates of AIV isolation from avian faecal droppings, characterization of droppings is imperative to elucidate contributing factors. However, there are no reports on morphological and biochemical characteristics of droppings. The objective of the present study was the characterization of droppings from different avian species and their impact on the AIV detection and isolation. A total of 373 droppings belonging to 61 avian species from 22 families of apparently healthy wild migratory, resident, domestic birds and poultry were studied during five winter migratory bird seasons between 2007 to 2012 and 2016–2017. The colour, morphology and size of the droppings varied from species-to-species. These data could be useful for the identification of avian species. Droppings from 67% of the avian species showed acidic pH (4.5–6.5); nine species showed neutral pH (7.0), and 11 species showed alkaline pH (7.5). The infectious titers of AIV in droppings with acidic pH were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of the droppings with neutral and alkaline pH. However, acidic pH did not hamper AIV detection by real-time RT-PCR. In order to avoid the impact of acidic pH, collecting fresh droppings into viral transport medium (pH 7.0–7.5) would help improve the rate of AIV isolation.     

An Optimised Direct Lysis Method for Viral RNA Extraction and Detection of Foodborne Viruses on Fruits and Vegetables

Detection of norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) on fruits and vegetables using current standard methodologies can be inefficient. Method optimisat     

ASM中水质特性参数测定方法的研究进展

近三十年来有关活性污泥生物学、反应动力学等基础理论方面的研究得到了迅速的发展。但用于模拟污水处理厂处理的模型的研究却发展相对较慢,本文综述了活性污泥数学模型的相应理论及发展历程。主要介绍了广泛应用的ASM模型,并详细介绍了模型中的水质特性参数(Ss、S1、Xs、x1)的各种测定方法。     

高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定环境水体中的苯酚的实验研究

苯酚毒性大、难降解,是严重的环境污染物,同时也是环境监测的重要指标。文章介绍了用高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定环境水体中苯酚的分析方法。实验条件,色谱柱VP-ODS（150×4.6 mm,5 um）;柱温25℃;流动相：V（甲醇）∶V（水）=46∶54,检测波长为λex/λem=215/300 nm,进样量20 uL。测定结果,苯酚的线性范围0.20～100 mg/L,r=0.999 3,检出限0.1 mg/L。表明该方法适用于对环境水体中苯酚的测定。     

直接进水样法测定饮用水中挥发性卤代烃

采用大口径毛细管柱具有高分离特性 ,又有填充柱定量精度高的特性 ,提高灵敏度及稳定性 ,促进直接进水样法的应用     

水体痕量锑快速检测新方法研究

锑与二溴邻硝基苯基荧光酮(DBNPF)在酸性溶液、曲拉通X-100和碘离子存在条件下发生络合反应,络合物通过光谱修正法进行表征,结果表明,Sb与DBNPF络合比为1∶1,络合常数为3.39×10~6,吉布斯自由能为-36 kJ/mol,络合物Sb~(Ⅲ)-DBNPF在550 nm处的摩尔吸光系数为3.40×10~4L/(mol·cm)。在硫脲和酒石酸存在下,显色反应具有较高选择性,利用矢量色度方法测得锑检出限为0.010 mg/L,实际水样锑加标回收率87%～105%。     

水质生物毒性检测方法的研究进展

生物毒性检测能直观地反映水体中各种污染物质对生物种群的综合毒性,因而得到了广泛应用和迅速发展.主要综述了应用于水质毒性检测的各种急性毒性实验、慢性毒性实验、遗传毒性实验方法的研究概况.并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

ICP-MS法测水中汞的记忆效应消除方法研究

建立了简便快捷的消除汞记忆效应的冲洗方法,蠕动泵以35 r/min的转速吸取清洗液冲洗管路30 s,清洗液为抗坏血酸(ω=0.05%)、硫脲(ω=0.1%)和盐酸(φ=5%)所组成的混合溶液,该方法能够有效消除电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测汞的记忆效应,适用于地表水、地下水、污水中汞的电感耦合等离子体质谱法的准确测定及仪器管路中汞记忆效应的消除。     

Detection of Human Enteric Viruses in Freshwater from European Countries

The transmission of water-borne pathogens typically occurs by a faecal–oral route, through inhalation of aerosols, or by direct or indirect contact with contaminated water. Previous molecular-based studies have identified viral particles of zoonotic and human nature in surface waters. Contaminated water can lead to human health issues, and the development of rapid methods for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms is a valuable tool for the prevention of their spread. The aims of this work were to determine the presence and identity of representative human pathogenic enteric viruses in water samples from six European countries by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and to develop two quantitative PCR methods for Adenovirus 41 and Mammalian Orthoreoviruses. A 2-year survey showed that Norovirus, Mammalian Orthoreovirus and Adenoviruses were the most frequently identified enteric viruses in the sampled surface waters. Although it was not possible to establish viability and infectivity of the viruses considered, the detectable presence of pathogenic viruses may represent a potential risk for human health. The methodology developed may aid in rapid detection of these pathogens for monitoring quality of surface waters.     

邻菲啰啉直接光度法测定水中总铁

提出了测定水中总铁的新方法-邻菲哆啉直接光度法。该方法检出限为0．03mg／L,显色络合物显色15min后可稳定6个月,精密度RSD〈4．32％,加标回收率为95．3％～103％。对地下水、地表水、工业废水和铁标准样品的比对实验表明,邻菲哆啉直接光度法与邻菲哆啉光度法（标准法）的测定结果无显著差异。