我国有机磷农药废水的生化法处理研究进展

农药废水的污染已受到国内外环保工作者的重视，我国也不例外。各种处理方法层出不穷，而生化法是处理方法中的重要方法，本文仅就我国生化法处理有机磷农药废水的研究进展作一概述。     

废水中硫化物的去除技术

含硫化物的废水常见于染料、医药、农药以及石油化工的生产过程中,对环境影响很大,必须经处理达标才能排放。介绍回收利用法、汽提法、混凝沉淀法、氧化法、生化法和树脂法等六种去除废水中硫化物技术的特点、原理以及局限性,可根据具体废水水质状况选用。     

化学氧化,活性污泥法处理甲胺磷废水的研究

研究了用化学氧化／活性污泥法两步处理某农药厂甲胺磷农药废水。用过氧化氢作氧化剂对废水进行预处理，使废水的可生化比从０．２４提高到０．４０；再用传统的活性污泥法进行两级处理，可使废水中的硫化物除去７５％，出水达标；ＣＯＤ去除率７０％，出水３００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，接近国家污水排放标准。     

加压生物氧化法处理印染废水的动力学研究

加压生化法与其他处理印染废水的方法相比．具有工艺简单,耐冲击能力强、投资低、操作参数仪表控制、剩余污泥量少等优点。探讨了在加压曝气条件下处理印染废水的生化反应机理．测定其动力学参数．建立加压生物氧化法处理印染废水的生物氧化反应动力学模型,为印染废水的加压生化处理提供了可靠的设计与运行参数。     

微电解与Fenton试剂预处理农药废水的试验研究

农药废水是一种典型的高浓度有机工业废水 ,有机污染物浓度高 (CODCr>10 0 0 0mg L) ,可生化性差 (氯苯农药废水BOD5 CODCr=0 .0 3 ,对邻硝基氯苯农药废水BOD5 CODCr=0 .0 5 )。采用微电解和Fenton试剂氧化两种物化手段对菊酯、氯苯和对邻硝氯苯 3种废水按比例配制而成的综合农药废水进行预处理 ,结果表明 :在废水pH为 2— 2 .5时 ,经微电解处理后 ,BOD5 CODCr比值在 0 .45以上 ,可生化性提高 ;Fenton试剂对综合农药废水CODCr去除率为 60 %左右 ,色度去除率接近 10 0 %     

改进型SBR法处理高盐度有机磷农药废水

介绍了分流预处理－－改进型SBR好氧生化法处理高盐度有机磷农药废水的工艺流程、工艺参数和处理效果。废水处理运行结果：COD，TP，NH3－N平均去除率分别大于99％，85％，95％。     

制浆造纸工业废水的污染与防治

2.二级处理经一级处理后的废水,再经二级处理,用生化法进一步去除废水中的溶解性有机物,改善处理水水质。二级处理方式包括活性污泥法、生物膜法、氧化塘等。生化法是处理易被微生物降解的有机废水,对能被微生物降解的毒性有机物也有一定的解毒能     

炼焦废水生化处理技术研究进展

综述了近几年来炼焦废水及炼焦废水中主要成分(酚类、氨类物质、氰化物)的生化处理方法.其中废水中酚类物质的去除方法有投加有效菌、超滤法等;去除氨类物质的方法有A2/O法、纳滤法和反渗透法等;去除氰化物的方法有生物法和化学法等.综合处理炼焦废水的方法有双层生物膜法、生物脱氮法和含铁活性污泥处理技术等.     

石油化工废水处理技术研究进展

石油化工废水组成复杂、浓度高、毒性强和难降解,对环境危害大.概括介绍了国内外石油化工废水的主要处理方法如物化法、化学法和生化法,并评述了各种处理方法的适用条件和处理效果,总结了各种处理方法的优缺点.最后,提出推行清洁生产,开展废水资源化,并用高效的末端治理方法处理废水,是石油化工行业水污染控制的出路.     

丙烯菊酯的废水处理

采用沉降除盐、萃取回收吡啶、中和、絮凝、中压气浮和“生化处理”工艺流程，处理新农药一丙烯菊酯废水获得较为满意的结果，经处理后的废水水质基本符合国家尿综合排放标准。     

有机磷农药残留检测技术研究进展

综述了近年来有机磷农药残留检测技术的研究进展,其检测方法主要有色谱法、降解酶法、化学发光技术和生物传感技术.详细介绍了几种生物传感器(如酶传感器、微生物传感器、免疫传感器、压电传感器、纳米传感器和液晶型化学传感器)在有机磷农药检测中的应用,并展望了这一领域的发展趋势.     

兼氧-好氧工艺处理农药生产废水

介绍了农药废水采用“兼氧池＋生物滤塔”和“ICEAS（周期循环延时）曝气”二级生物处理工艺实践的实例．处理能力为900t／d。总投资300万元。通过试运行，废水达到国家排放标准，可应用于生产实践，满足生产要求。     

SBR活性污泥中的主要微生物类群及其基本生态规律初探

本文重点探讨采用ＳＢＲ活性污泥法处理有机磷农药（乐果）生产废水的工艺中，ＳＢＲ内的活性污泥的主要微生物类群、特征、功能以及与环境因子、废水处理运行状况的关系。     

液膜分离技术在工业装置上的应用

采用液膜分离工艺处理含酚、氰农药废水，处理废水量36t／d，通过工业应用实例试运行，效果一直很好。达到了设计要求。     

芬顿试剂预处理杀螟丹农药废水

利用芬顿试剂(Fenton)氧化预处理杀螟丹农药废水,分别考察了H2O2与FeSO4·7H2O投加量、初始pH、反应时间、温度和摇床转速对Fenton试剂处理杀螟丹废水的影响。结果表明,杀螟丹废水初始COD为676.8 mg/L时,取废水样100 mL,优化反应条件为Fenton试剂的用量1 g FeSO4·7H2O+4 mL H2O2,初始pH值为3,搅拌强度为160 r/min 的摇床转速,反应温度25℃,反应时间60 min。在优化反应条件下COD的去除率达到83.9%。通过Fenton降解,废水可生化性BOD5/COD从0.0745~0.0747上升至0.9066~0.9228,可生化性大幅提高,为后续生化处理创造了条件。考虑到运用于工业废水处理中经济成本等实际问题,建议选取Fenton试剂的用量0.5 g FeSO4·7H2O+1 mL H2O2,COD去除效率能达到65.5%。     

Determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in low moisture, nonfatty products using a solid phase extraction cleanup and gas chromatography

A multiresidue solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for the isolation and subsequent gas chromatographic determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in low-moisture, nonfatty products is described. Residues are extracted from samples with an acetonitrile/water mixture. Cleanup of the extract is performed using graphitized carbon black and anion exchange SPE columns, and analysis is performed by gas chromatography with Hall electrolytic conductivity and flame photometric detection. Recovery data was obtained by fortifying corn, oats and wheat with pesticides. The average recoveries were 79-123% for eight organochlorine and 51-122% for 28 organophosphorus pesticide residues. The limit of quantitation for chlorpyriphos was 0.05 ppm using the Hall electrolytic conductivity detector and < 0.005 ppm using the flame photometric detector.     

Influence of the application of sewage sludge on the degradation of pesticides in the soil

A study was made of the influence of the application of sewage sludge on the degradation of pesticides in the soil. Two kinds of sludge were used, with different characteristics, one from an urban treatment plant and one from a food processing plant. Three organophosphorus insecticides, fenitrothion, diazinon and dimethoate, were studied. The relative importance was determined of the chemical and biological degradation processes, which involved experiments on soil and sterile soil samples. A comparative study was also made of the degradation of pesticide residues and the evolution of the microbial population. The application of sludge seems to have a complex effect on the degradation of pesticides, determined by the bioavailability and biodegradability of their active ingredient. The biodegradation of pesticide residues brings about alterations in the microorganism population of the soil.     

Determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in low moisture,nonfatty products using a solid phase extraction cleanup and gas chromatography

Abstract

A multiresidue solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method for the isolation and subsequent gas Chromatographie determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in low‐moisture, nonfatty products is described. Residues are extracted from samples with an acetonitrile/water mixture. Cleanup of the extract is performed using graphitized carbon black and anion exchange SPE columns, and analysis is performed by gas chromatography with Hall electrolytic conductivity and flame photometric detection. Recovery data was obtained by fortifying corn, oats and wheat with pesticides. The average recoveries were 79–123% for eight organochlorine and 51–122% for 28 organophosphorus pesticide residues. The limit of quantitation for chlorpyriphos was 0.05 ppm using the Hall electrolytic conductivity detector and <0.005 ppm using the flame photometric detector.     

Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) monitoring of the photolysis of diazinon in aqueous solution: Degradation route and toxicity of by-products against Artemia salina

The photolytic degradation of diazinon, an organophosphorus pesticide, in aqueous medium under assorted pH values was continuously monitored by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The results indicated that the UV radiation was quite efficient in promoting the pesticide degradation at the three pH levels evaluated (5, 7 and 8). The m/z of the most abundant ions observed in the mass spectra (MS), in conjunction with the fragmentation patterns of such ionic species (MS/MS data), made possible the proposition of chemical structures for the main by-products formed. As a result, routes for the photodegradation of diazinon in aqueous solution could thus be suggested. In the assays using Artemia salina (brine shrimp) it was verified that the photodegradation products exhibited much lower toxicity than the primary substrate. Aiming at mimicking the conditions ordinarily found in water treatment plants, an additional series of tests was conducted with a solution containing sodium hypochlorite and diazinon. This solution, when not exposed to UV radiation, exhibited high toxicity against the microorganisms. Under the influence of UV radiation, however, the toxicity rates decreased dramatically. This result is relevant because it points toward the confident application of UV radiation to neutralize the deleterious effects caused by diazinon (and perhaps other organophosphorus pesticides) as well as sodium hypochlorite to the environment.     

铁床+立式氧化槽治理农药废水

介绍了某农药生产企业采用铁床＋立式氧化槽工艺处理农药废水,给出了工艺流程、工艺参数和处理效果。废水处理运行结果：CODcr、色度、SS平均去除率分别大于95％、90％、97％。