镍离子印迹吸附剂的制备和性能研究

以镍离子为模板离子,纳米二氧化硅为载体,异烟酸为功能单体,结合表面印迹技术和溶胶凝胶法制备对Ni~(2+)具有专一性吸附的镍离子印迹吸附剂。通过吸附过程中pH、温度、吸附时间、Ni~(2+)初始浓度等因素对吸附性能的影响。确定最佳吸附条件为:pH=7,温度为25℃,吸附时间为2.0h,Ni~(2+)溶液浓度为30mg/L。同时研究了镍离子印迹吸附剂对Ni~(2+)的选择吸附性能和印迹吸附剂的回用性,发现印迹吸附剂对Ni~(2+)的吸附有很好的选择吸附性,且吸附剂可回用3~4次。     

有机物生物吸附研究进展

生物吸附是有效处理难降解有机物的技术之一。本文从生物吸附的概念、生物吸附过程、吸附剂的制备及再生、生物吸附影响因素等方面进行了综述，同时阐述了生物吸附有机物的技术研究进展和应用前景展望。     

吸附-冷凝回收技术探索

吸附法是一项广泛应用于治理大风量、中低浓度有机废气的浓缩净化技术,具有操作简单、净化效率高的优点。冷凝法是回收高浓度废气极为有效的手段。将吸附浓缩技术与冷凝回收技术进行有效结合,可高效回收中低浓度废气中具有再利用价值的有机溶剂等,实现有机溶剂的资源化回收利用。通过对吸附-冷凝工艺的详细介绍和分析,包括吸附剂和冷媒的选择、结构的优化、工业应用情况等,以期达到回收效率、设备成本及安全性等综合性能的最优化。     

罗布麻茶叶渣对水中金属离子吸附效果的研究

本文主要研究新疆特色罗布麻茶的茶叶渣对水中锰、铁、锌三种金属离子的吸附能力。通过优化吸附效率的影响因素,制备的废茶渣吸附剂,在不同的加入量、吸附时间、反应温度及模拟废水初始金属离子浓度等条件下,分析其对水中金属离子的吸附率和吸附量,建立废茶渣作为吸附剂对工业废水中金属离子进行去除的方法。结果表明,吸附剂的使用量在30 g/500 mL、吸附温度20℃、吸附时间60 min,罗布麻茶渣对实际废水中锰、铁、锌三种金属离子的吸附效率在71.6%～81.6%。通过本次研究可以发现在试验条件下对废水中三种金属离子有较好的吸附作用,作为废弃茶叶渣回收与制备的生物吸附剂产品,具有较好的应用前景。     

浅析活性炭再生技术

活性炭是一种具有特殊微晶结构和巨大比表面积,且有极强吸附能力的类似石墨的无定型碳,是废水处理中常用的一种有效吸附剂,但是经吸附或脱色后的废活性炭的高使用成本,废弃饱和活性炭造成资源浪费及二次污染等问题,极大地限制了活性炭的应用范围。因此活性炭的再生具有良好的发展趋势。文章着重介绍与讨论活性炭再生技术。     

生物吸附剂及其吸附性能研究进展

用微生物体来吸附水中的重金属是一项新兴的废水生物处理技术。藻类、细菌、真菌等是生物吸附剂的来源 ,它们对多种重金属都有较好的吸附去除效果。文章从细胞壁的结构特性概述了藻类、细菌、真菌等对重金属吸附的机理 ,介绍了它们的吸附性能     

吸附法脱氮现状及常用吸附剂介绍

本文介绍了交换吸附法对废水中氮的处理技术。并就目前常用的离子交换吸附材料及其性能。吸附剂的再生处理技术和脱氮技术的发展状况等进行了分析阐述。     

咪唑银配位聚合物吸附偶氮染料研究

以咪唑银配位聚合物{Ag（im）}n作吸附剂,对偶氮染料刚果红和甲基橙的吸附进行了研究,结果表明：刚果红的最佳吸附条件是吸附剂加入量为31．5mg,温度为30℃,pH值为3,吸附时间为70min,最高染料脱除率为90。7％;甲基橙的最佳吸附条件是吸附剂加入量为36．7mg,温度为30℃,pH值为2,吸附时间为50min,最高染料脱除率为58．3％。     

不同物质对垃圾渗滤液中腐殖酸的吸附研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种有毒有害的高浓度有机废水,其中含大量腐殖酸。腐殖酸具有离子交换能力、吸附能力和脱除杂质能力,因此在很多方面有实用价值。活性碳、土壤、堆肥对废水中的有机物有一定的吸附能力。本文采用正交设计的方法,研究了活性碳、土壤、堆肥在不同温度,液／固,腐殖酸初始浓度的条件下对垃圾渗滤液中腐殖酸的吸附效果。实验结果表明：四种实验因素对吸附剂的吸附能力的影响程度为：吸附剂类型〉腐殖酸的初始浓度〉吸附反应温度〉液固比。在温度为25℃,液固比为50／0．5（mL/g）,腐殖酸初始浓度为41．99（mg／L）,吸附剂类型为活性碳时,腐殖酸吸附量最大,为40．86mg。同时分析了响应指标随因素的变化趋势。     

改性茶叶对工业废水中F-的吸附性能

采用甲醛和三氯化铁改性茶叶制成茶叶质铁吸附剂,研究其对工业废水中F-的吸附性能.探讨不同茶叶质铁吸附剂投加量、F-初始浓度、pH、温度对吸附率的影响,确定最佳吸附条件;采用SEM、BJH、XRD、红外分析等研究改性后茶叶质铁吸附剂的基本物理化学特性;最后对茶叶质铁吸附剂的洗脱与再生性及吸附机理进行了探讨.结果表明:当茶...     

Removal of heavy metals in rinsing wastewater from plating factory by adsorption with economical viable materials

The removal of heavy metals from plating factory wastewater with economical materials was investigated by the column method. Montmorillonite, kaolin, tobermorite, magnetite, silica gel and alumina were used as the economical adsorbents to wastewater containing Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II). This removal method of heavy metals proved highly effective as removal efficiency tended to increase with increasing pH and decrease with increasing metal concentration. The removal percentages by adsorption onto montmorillonite, tobermorite, magnetite, and silica gel showed high values for all metals. From the results for the heat of adsorption, the adsorption process in the present study might be chemisorption. The proposed method was successfully applied to the removal of Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Cu(II) in rinsing wastewater from plating factory in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Since the economical adsorbents used can be obtained commercially because they are easily synthesized, the wastewater treatment system developed is rapid, simple and cheap for the removal of heavy metals.     

Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal – A review

Dyes are an important class of pollutants, and can even be identified by the human eye. Disposal of dyes in precious water resources must be avoided, however, and for that various treatment technologies are in use. Among various methods adsorption occupies a prominent place in dye removal. The growing demand for efficient and low-cost treatment methods and the importance of adsorption has given rise to low-cost alternative adsorbents (LCAs). This review highlights and provides an overview of these LCAs comprising natural, industrial as well as synthetic materials/wastes and their application for dyes removal. In addition, various other methods used for dye removal from water and wastewater are also complied in brief. From a comprehensive literature review, it was found that some LCAs, in addition to having wide availability, have fast kinetics and appreciable adsorption capacities too. Advantages and disadvantages of adsorbents, favourable conditions for particular adsorbate–adsorbent systems, and adsorption capacities of various low-cost adsorbents and commercial activated carbons as available in the literature are presented. Conclusions have been drawn from the literature reviewed, and suggestions for future research are proposed.     

Removal of the hazardous dye rhodamine B through photocatalytic and adsorption treatments

This paper reports on photocatalytic and adsorptive treatment of a hazardous xanthene dye, Rohdamine B, in wastewater. The photocatalytic degradation was carried out in the presence of the catalyst TiO(2) and the effects of pH, concentration of the dye, amount of TiO(2), temperature and electron acceptor H(2)O(2) on the degradation process were observed. It was found that photocatalytic degradation by TiO(2) is an effective, economical and faster mode of removing Rohdamine B from aqueous solutions. Attempts were also made to utilize activated carbon and rice husk as potential adsorbents to remove Rhodamine B from wastewater. The adsorption studies were carried out at 40, 50 and 60 degrees C, and the effects of pH, temperature, amount of adsorbents, concentration of adsorbate, etc., on the adsorption were measured. On the basis of adsorption data the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were also confirmed. The adsorption isotherm constants thus obtained were employed to calculate thermodynamic parameters like Gibb's free energy, change in enthalpy and entropy. In order to observe the quality of wastewater COD measurements were also carried out before and after the treatments. A significant decrease in the COD values was observed, which clearly indicates that both photocatalytic and adsorption methods offer good potential to remove Rhodamine B from industrial effluents.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review

Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. The treatment of heavy metals is of special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. In recent years, various methods for heavy metal removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. This paper reviews the current methods that have been used to treat heavy metal wastewater and evaluates these techniques. These technologies include chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration, coagulation-flocculation, flotation and electrochemical methods. About 185 published studies (1988-2010) are reviewed in this paper. It is evident from the literature survey articles that ion-exchange, adsorption and membrane filtration are the most frequently studied for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.     

Removal of arsenic from wastewater using iron compound: Comparing two different types of adsorbents in the context of LCA

A study was carried out in order to compare the environmental performance of two different types of adsorbents in removing arsenic (As) from wastewater. A FeCl₃-based adsorbent and a poly-Fe-based adsorbent were first synthesized and their abilities in adsorbing As from wastewater were investigated in terms of the adsorption density and the rate of adsorption. Here, it should be noted that the main material being used in the synthesis of the poly-Fe-based adsorbent was a waste product, known as polyferric sulfate or poly-Fe in short, which exits the manufacturing process of titanium dioxide.Both adsorbents were then compared in the context of life-cycle assessment (LCA). In other words, the experimental results (i.e. the value of the adsorption density and the rate of adsorption) were input into the LCA model in order to assess the environmental performance of each adsorbent in removing arsenic. An estimate for the environmental burden of each option was finally calculated as the sum of the depletion of abiotic resources (ADP), the global warming potential (GWP), the acidification potential (AP), the photo-oxidant formation potential (POCP), the eutrophication potential (EP), and the human toxicity potential (HTP). The main finding of this study was that the adsorption of arsenic by using the poly-Fe-based adsorbent is more attractive treatment option in the environmental protection point of view than the adsorption by using the FeCl₃-based adsorbent, which generates a relatively larger environmental burden.     

Removal of arsenic from wastewater using iron compound: Comparing two different types of adsorbents in the context of LCA

A study was carried out in order to compare the environmental performance of two different types of adsorbents in removing arsenic (As) from wastewater. A FeCl₃-based adsorbent and a poly-Fe-based adsorbent were first synthesized and their abilities in adsorbing As from wastewater were investigated in terms of the adsorption density and the rate of adsorption. Here, it should be noted that the main material being used in the synthesis of the poly-Fe-based adsorbent was a waste product, known as polyferric sulfate or poly-Fe in short, which exits the manufacturing process of titanium dioxide.Both adsorbents were then compared in the context of life-cycle assessment (LCA). In other words, the experimental results (i.e. the value of the adsorption density and the rate of adsorption) were input into the LCA model in order to assess the environmental performance of each adsorbent in removing arsenic. An estimate for the environmental burden of each option was finally calculated as the sum of the depletion of abiotic resources (ADP), the global warming potential (GWP), the acidification potential (AP), the photo-oxidant formation potential (POCP), the eutrophication potential (EP), and the human toxicity potential (HTP). The main finding of this study was that the adsorption of arsenic by using the poly-Fe-based adsorbent is more attractive treatment option in the environmental protection point of view than the adsorption by using the FeCl₃-based adsorbent, which generates a relatively larger environmental burden.     

土壤环境汞形态及吸附解吸研究进展

汞污染一直是全球备受关注的问题,由于土壤是环境汞的源和汇,因此已经开展了大量相关的研究工作。本论文系统总结了土壤环境汞形态及吸附解吸特征的研究现状,综述了不同类型土壤汞的背景含量,以及汞在土壤中的赋存形态,分析了土壤汞吸附特征及几种典型的土壤吸附剂（粘土矿物、铁锰氧化物、硫化物和土壤有机质）对汞吸附的作用机制。     

水淬渣处理废水的研究进展

水淬渣的微观结构特殊,比表面积大,表面能高。国内外研究表明,水淬渣吸附去除废水中的Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Pb2+、Cr6+、As3+及磷等效果良好,而且对废水中的COD、大分子有机物、油类、苯酚等也有比较好的去除率;并研究了吸附去除的机理,对水淬渣在水处理领域的应用起到了推动作用。     

Regeneration of spent organoclays after the sorption of organic pollutants: A review

Clay minerals modified with organic ions, also known as organoclays, have found applications in a wide range of organic pollution control fields because of their excellent sorption capacity towards organic pollutants. Regeneration of the spent organoclays after the sorption of organic pollutants is of great importance during their application in pollution control. In this review, the reported methods for the regeneration of the spent organoclays are summarized, including biological degradation, photo-assisted oxidation, chemical extraction/desorption, supercritical extraction, thermal desorption, et al. The characteristics and applications of these methods are briefly described. It shows that most of these methods have been developed for regenerating spent organoclays from wastewater treatment. The biological regeneration method, as an in situ, low cost and easy-operating method, is applicable for regenerating spent organoclays not only from wastewater treatment, but also from soil and groundwater remediation.     

Effect of template in MCM-41 on the adsorption of aniline from aqueous solution

The effect of the surfactant template cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in MCM-41 on the adsorption of aniline was investigated. Various MCM-41 samples were prepared by controlling template removal using an extraction method. The samples were then used as adsorbents for the removal of aniline from aqueous solution. The results showed that the MCM-41 samples with the template partially removed (denoted as C-MCM-41) exhibited better adsorption performance than MCM-41 with the template completely removed (denoted as MCM-41). The reason for this difference may be that the C-MCM-41 samples had stronger hydrophobic properties and selectivity for aniline because of the presence of the template. The porosity and cationic sites generated by the template play an important role in the adsorption process. The optimal adsorbent with moderate template was achieved by changing the ratio of extractant; it has the potential for promising applications in the field of water pollution control.