共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
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水体臭氧消毒工艺设计与改进意见 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用臭氧进行水体消毒(净化饮用水),使能源耗量较低、污染较小、产水量大且可连续运行,消毒效果理想。从而为水体净化提供先进的生产工艺。 相似文献
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城市污水臭氧消毒宏观动力学探索 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
消毒是城市污水回用的必要环节。本文以某污水厂出水为研究对象,采用臭氧(O3)作为消毒剂,考查了臭氧在实验水中的溶解和衰减过程,不同通气量和不同pH值条件下臭氧对城市污水厂生化处理后出水中大肠菌群的消毒过程和消毒效果。实验结果显示,臭氧对水中大肠菌群的消毒速度快、消毒效果十分显著;通入水中的气量低于10l/h时,灭菌率随通气量的提高而提高;在水质偏酸性时,有利于臭氧的溶解和提高大肠菌群的去除率;通气量在5l/h—30l/h,处理时间在10min以内时实验条件下臭氧消毒宏观动力学方程为—logS=Kt,式中K=0.2385min^-1—0.4674min^-1。 相似文献
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文章研究在不同消毒时间下,臭氧消毒中水前后挥发性有机物的变化。得出:消毒时间30 s和60 s后GC/MS检测有机物的种类较10 s时有明显增多,种类由10 s时的65种增到30 s时的98种,再增到60 s时的101种,最后到3 min时的135种。臭氧消毒法的快速、高效无二次污染、适用范围广。 相似文献
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三种常用饮用水消毒剂的应用和前景评价 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文对氯、二氧化氯、臭氧在消毒机理、消毒副产物、消毒效果、消毒持久性、成本效益等方面的比较分析,阐明三种消毒剂今后的发展前景。认为二氧化氯比较乐观,但需尽快解决制备方法、原料生产、应用理论研究等难题。此前,液氯消毒还将在我国大多数净化水厂采用,因此也提出了当前条件下净化水厂应该采取何种方法来减少三卤甲烷等消毒副产物的生成。 相似文献
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本文通过分析饮用水深度处理中试工艺各处理单元出水水质指标的变化研究臭氧在臭氧生物活性炭工艺中的作用。试验结果表明:在中试工艺中,臭氧具有很好的氧化、杀藻和消毒的作用;并且两级臭氧氧化分别对常规处理单元和颗粒活性炭去除污染物具有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
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Water is a resource that is essential for all life on Earth. An exponentially growing human population, in addition to unprecedented
industrial and technological development, threaten the availability and quality of this resource. Climate change and ozone
depletion are two major environmental problems facing mankind today. These problems have the potential to further strain currently
available freshwater resources. Recent research has shown that climate change and ozone depletion are linked phenomena and
their interaction exacerbates their impact. Changes in precipitation, surface runoff, solar UV radiation, temperatures, and
evaporation are some of the predicted outcomes of climate change and ozone depletion. They influence the biogeochemical cycles
and aquatic ecosystems in lakes and rivers, and alter the character of natural organic matter (NOM) and, consequently, they
have the potential to affect the quality, quantity and treatability of our water resources. Given these uncertainties, and
the need to mitigate the consequences of climate change and ozone depletion, the issues of changing water quality, quantity
and treatability cannot be ignored by Australian governments and water utilities. 相似文献
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罗立昱 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2012,22(3):39-41,45
臭氧层损耗是重要的全球环境问题之一。最早认识到臭氧层危害的美国率先在国内立法控制相关物质,然而另一大经济体——欧共体,在这一方面却行动迟缓。在保护臭氧层的国际谈判中,美欧之间相互妥协,最终达成了对氟氯烃化合物(CFCs)进行限控的《蒙特利尔议定书》。美欧之间的分歧来自国内化工业巨头的影响,国际经济变动影响外交决策。国际环境问题背后隐藏的经济关系与大国的领导作用是影响国际环境合作的主要因素。 相似文献
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应对气候变化问题的法律调整机制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
杨倩 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2007,17(1):16-18
气候变化的不确定性决定对于其带来的不良环境影响也不能做出确切的预测。《联合国气候变化框架公约》、《京都议定书》及《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》的缔结和生效为各国一致行动提供了国际法上的依据。应当加强气候变化的科学研究,制定实施有效的政策法律措施,同时施加我国的大国影响,推动气候变化问题的国际解决进程。 相似文献
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N. Castell E. Mantilla R. Salvador A.F. Stein M. Millán 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(3):662-676
The characterization and evaluation of the impact that an industry is likely to have on the surrounding ozone levels is one of many problems confronting air quality managers and should be taken into consideration when authorizing its installation. The correct management of an environment, in terms of monitoring existing industries and planning new activities, requires adequate knowledge of the processes sustained by the industrial emissions therein.This paper explores the improvements in air quality management arising from taking into account the uncertainties involved in the photochemical modeling of the impact of an industry on surface ozone levels.For this, we evaluate the impact on ozone levels of a power plant located in an industrial area of southwestern Spain (Huelva). The evaluation takes into account the effects of both emissions' uncertainty and the non-linear chemistry between ozone and its precursors, thus providing a probable range of increase over the normative values (hourly and 8-hourly maximums) defined in the European Directive. The proposed methodology is easily applicable by air quality managers.Advanced modeling techniques were used for the power plant assessment, MM5 atmospheric modeling system, and air quality model CAMx. The results from meteorology and ozone forecasts have shown acceptable agreement with the observations.The spatial distribution of the impact is found to be strongly determined by mesoscale meteorological processes, which are reinforced by the local orography; there is also a marked temporal evolution. The industrial plume is observed to induce a decrease (or maintenance) of the ozone levels near the emission source (0–10 km), and an increase in the ozone concentrations farther away (with maximums between 10 and 50 km). In fact, in the meteorological episodes with a predominance of local breeze circulations, impacts have been detected at distances of more than 100 km from the emission source.Sensitivity of the power plant impact to variations in ozone precursor emissions is described, and the scenarios and the points in the domain presenting higher sensitivity and registering larger impacts are also identified. The results show that the largest impacts take place in emission scenarios where the NOx has been reduced with respect to the base case scenario. In contrast, in scenarios where the VOC emissions are reduced with respect to the base case scenario, the impact is smaller or remains unchanged. This is important in areas like the study case, where there is a high percentage of biogenic VOC emissions and the industrial areas are close to natural protected areas and agricultural fields. 相似文献
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环境空气中臭氧含量问题越来越多为人们所重视,本文拟就臭氧的形成与危害,臭氧监测在德国的开展情况作一介绍,并对其在成都市的借签应用提出建议措施。 相似文献
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Byun DW Kim S Czader B Nowak D Stetson S Estes M 《Journal of environmental management》2005,75(4):285-301
The Houston-Galveston Area (HGA) is one of the most severe ozone non-attainment regions in the US. To study the effectiveness of controlling anthropogenic emissions to mitigate regional ozone nonattainment problems, it is necessary to utilize adequate datasets describing the environmental conditions that influence the photochemical reactivity of the ambient atmosphere. Compared to the anthropogenic emissions from point and mobile sources, there are large uncertainties in the locations and amounts of biogenic emissions. For regional air quality modeling applications, biogenic emissions are not directly measured but are usually estimated with meteorological data such as photo-synthetically active solar radiation, surface temperature, land type, and vegetation database. In this paper, we characterize these meteorological input parameters and two different land use land cover datasets available for HGA: the conventional biogenic vegetation/land use data and satellite-derived high-resolution land cover data. We describe the procedures used for the estimation of biogenic emissions with the satellite derived land cover data and leaf mass density information. Air quality model simulations were performed using both the original and the new biogenic emissions estimates. The results showed that there were considerable uncertainties in biogenic emissions inputs. Subsequently, ozone predictions were affected up to 10 ppb, but the magnitudes and locations of peak ozone varied each day depending on the upwind or downwind positions of the biogenic emission sources relative to the anthropogenic NOx and VOC sources. Although the assessment had limitations such as heterogeneity in the spatial resolutions, the study highlighted the significance of biogenic emissions uncertainty on air quality predictions. However, the study did not allow extrapolation of the directional changes in air quality corresponding to the changes in LULC because the two datasets were based on vastly different LULC category definitions and uncertainties in the vegetation distributions. 相似文献
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The contribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) to environmental problems in the Netherlands is discussed in an economic
context. The economic interactions within the chlorine market, including the link to caustic soda production, are described,
and PVC is taken as a case study. Key policy options are evaluated in terms of their potential for environmental improvement.
It appears that 95% of CHC emissions causing environmental problems are due to dissipative applications. With respect to the
specific problems of ozone depletion and global warming, only a small group of compounds is responsible for most of the impact.
Moreover, economic interactions within the group of CHCs can strongly influence the net effect of environmental policy measures.
Policies aimed at a reducing volume output of certain specific groups of CHCs will inevitably lead to trade-offs between environmental
problems. The environmental impact of a hypothetical ban on CHCs is discussed in relation to the use of PVC as a sink for
chlorine. Both these options appear to have drawbacks. Moreover, no absolute conclusion can be drawn until the environmental
impact of CHC substitutes is known. 相似文献
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气温和湿度均为影响臭氧生成的要素,通过分析泸州市国控点数据,找出气温和湿度与臭氧浓度的关系,从而建立气温和湿度为变量的臭氧浓度预测模型.选取2019年泸州市主城区的气温和湿度数据,将气温按日最高温(Tmax)、日最低温(Tmin)和日平均气温(Tmean)划分,将湿度按四季划分,分别统计其与臭氧浓度的相关性.发现臭氧浓... 相似文献