Al2O3负载Cu2O-臭氧催化氧化芴酮生产废水

以Al2O3负载Cu2O为催化剂,研究芴酮废水在臭氧条件下的氧化降解反应,为芴酮废水的治理提供一种新的处理方法。研究表明,Al2O3负载Cu2O的催化剂加速了臭氧氧化反应,使芴酮废水的氧化降解加快。影响芴酮废水氧化降解的主要因素有臭氧流量、废水的pH值、催化剂用量以及反应器的高度等。加大臭氧流量及增加催化剂用量,均有利于芴酮废水的降解。处理3 L芴酮废水时适宜的反应条件：臭氧流量为25 mg/h,催化剂用量为20 g,反应器的高度H为1 600 mm,废水初始pH为11。在该条件下1.75 h,废水的脱色率为91.2%,COD去除率为90.5%。     

Al2O3催化臭氧化处理邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

'Al₂O₃催化剂对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)溶液臭氧化过程的影响结果表明:Al₂O₃可以显著提高臭氧氧化的效果,反应120min后,TOC的去除率从单独臭氧氧化的23.9%提高到55.1%.实验中还考察了制备条件对Al₂O₃催化剂活性的影响并确定了反应的最佳工艺条件.在实验考察的范围内:焙烧温度600℃,Al₂O₃粒径为0.5～1.0mm时催化活性最高;最佳反应工艺条件为:催化剂投加量20g/L,混和气体流速200mL/min,反应温度15℃.通过单独臭氧氧化,单独臭氧氧化后再进行催化剂吸附,催化臭氧化的对比实验证明了Al₂O₃催化剂对体系TOC的去除主要是基于催化作用.     

Ru/AC催化臭氧氧化难生物降解有机物

研究了臭氧单独氧化和Ru/AC催化臭氧氧化DMP、酚类物质和消毒副产物前体物.结果表明,Ru/AC能显著提高臭氧氧化中有机物的矿化效果.在DMP降解中,反应100 min后TOC的去除率由单独臭氧氧化的28.84%提高到66.13%.在23种酚类物质降解中,反应60min后TOC的去除率由单独臭氧的9.57%~56.08%提高到41.81%~82.32%.相对于单独臭氧,Ru/AC催化臭氧氧化更能有效地降低水源水中消毒副产物的生成势,以卤乙酸生成势的降低最为明显,100 min后卤乙酸生成势由144.02μg/L降到58.50μg/L,低于美国环保局规定的限制浓度60μg/L.而使用单独臭氧处理并不能使卤乙酸生成势降到符合美国EPA的规定.比较了BAC、O3+BAC、O3/AC+BAC以及Ru/AC+O3+BAC工艺处理水源水的效果,TOC平均去除率分别为3.80%、20.14%、27.45%和48.30%;COD平均去除率分别为4.37%、27.22%、39.91%和50.00%;UV254去除率分别为8.16%、62.24%、67.03%和84.95%.Ru/AC+O3+BAC工艺相比其他工艺,更能有效地...     

Ag掺杂改性TiO_2催化降解水体中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

邻苯二甲酸酯是环境中普遍存在的有机污染物(内分泌干扰物)之一。通过湿式机械混合法制备Ag掺杂改性TiO2催化剂。光催化降解实验的结果表明Ag掺杂浓度为1×10-4mol/g,焙烧温度为400℃下所得的催化剂活性较好。对降解体系的研究表明,当催化剂的投加量为0.1~0.3 g/L、pH=5~8时降解效率较高(62.0%)。相对于催化剂的降解过程而言,其吸附作用是比较小的,而是以光催化反应为主。并利用荧光光谱对催化剂的性能进行了初步表征。     

金属氧化物催化臭氧氧化机理研究进展

催化臭氧氧化技术是目前水处理研究的热点,其中金属氧化物是催化臭氧化最常用的催化剂之一,因价格便宜、具有良好的催化性能备受关注。由于催化反应机理复杂,臭氧分子在催化剂表面的分解产物多样,同一种催化剂的催化臭氧化机理存在争议。文章讨论了金属氧化物催化臭氧化中发现的多种机理,主要包括羟基自由基机理、超氧自由基机理、表面络合配位机理和表面氧原子机理;催化剂表面性质影响臭氧分子的分解方式,分别探讨了表面羟基和表面氧空位存在时对催化反应机理的影响,发现表面羟基和氧空位的存在可以促进臭氧分子进一步解离,在诱导臭氧分子分解中起关键作用;讨论了金属氧化物催化臭氧化机理研究的发展趋势,为实际应用提供参考。     

Ru/AC催化臭氧氧化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲脂

Ru/AC催化剂催化臭氧氧化邻苯二甲酸二甲脂的实验结果表明:投加活性炭上负载Ru的催化剂可以显著提高臭氧氧化的效果,反应60min后,单纯由于Ru/AC催化臭氧氧化导致的TOC的去除率高达39%。实验还考察了制备条件对催化剂活性的影响并确定了催化臭氧氧化的最佳反应条件。在实验考查范围内:当焙烧温度为500℃,Ru的负载量为2.5%时催化剂活性最高;催化臭氧氧化最佳反应条件为:催化剂投加量为2g/L;气体流速为300mL/min;臭氧投加量为100mg/h。     

臭氧降解水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的动力学及影响因素

利用臭氧(O3)降解含较高浓度邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的模拟废水,采用竞争动力学法,以硝基苯为参比有机物,获得了DMP与O3及羟基自由基(·OH)的反应速率常数,研究了·OH抑制剂叔丁醇(TBA)、pH和多种离子对O3降解DMP效果的影响.结果表明,O3降解DMP符合拟一级动力学,DMP与O3的反应速率常数kO3-DMP为(0.064±0.014)L.(mol·s)-1,与·OH的反应速率常数k·OH-DMP为3.59×109L.(mol·s)-1;O3降解DMP过程中,生成的羧酸类中间产物使弱酸或弱碱性反应液的pH下降,但不足以影响强酸或强碱性反应液的pH;降解过程中产生大量中间产物使COD的去除率滞后于DMP的降解率,且部分中间产物不易被矿化;较低浓度的TBA不足以抑制·OH与DMP反应,当TBA的浓度增大到DMP的90.21倍时,DMP的降解率由98.7%降为8.8%,已经基本抑制了·OH与DMP的反应;用磷酸盐缓冲溶液调节反应液pH,DMP的降解效果优于用NaOH/H2SO4调节;水中常见低浓度阴阳离子对DMP的降解效果没有影响,高浓度SO24-、NO3-和HPO24-对DMP降解效果的影响相对较小,高浓度Cl-和HCO3-对DMP的降解有抑制作用,且HCO3-的影响大于Cl-,当Cl-和HCO3-的浓度分别为7 097 mg·L-1和6 093 mg·L-1时,反应40 min,DMP降解率分别为50.5%和26.2%.     

酸活化赤泥催化臭氧氧化降解水中硝基苯的效能研究

以铝工业废物赤泥为原料,采用酸化的方法活化赤泥,提高其在多相催化臭氧氧化除污染体系中的催化活性,并对其催化臭氧除污染效能及机制进行探讨.研究发现,和赤泥原矿相比,酸化赤泥表现出十分显著的催化能力;酸化赤泥(RM6.0)催化臭氧氧化硝基苯的去除率随臭氧浓度的增加而增加;当臭氧浓度由0.4 mg.L-1增加至1.7 mg.L-1时,硝基苯的去除率由45%提高到92%.溶液pH对RM6.0催化体系利用臭氧能力的影响与其催化臭氧氧化降解NB的影响表现出一致的结果.初始pH变化所带来的RM6.0催化活性的变化,主要是由于体系中氢氧根浓度的变化,导致臭氧分解形成羟基自由基所致;过高pH值导致的羟基自由基的猝灭显促使RM6.0催化臭氧氧化NB活性的降低.通过RM6.0对臭氧的利用能力及羟基自由基抑制实验结果发现,RM6.0催化臭氧降解NB的主要作用机制是催化剂表面吸附臭氧,实现臭氧在催化剂表面的富集,进而实现对NB有机污染物的氧化降解.在这个过程中羟基自由基是存在的,主要是在臭氧与硝基苯在界面氧化过程中分解而成,并进一步氧化NB.     

臭氧/钛酸铋系化合物催化氧化降解橙黄Ⅳ的初步研究

采用化学溶液分解法制备了钛酸铋系化合物,并研究了其催化臭氧化降解橙IV(C18H14KN3O35)溶液的性能.结果表明,在Bi/Ti摩尔比12:1、热处理温度550℃条件下制备的催化剂性能最优,其COD去除率达40.3%,比单独臭氧作用(20.3%)提高了1倍,并明显优于TiO2和Bi2O3的催化效果(分别为28.9%和21.4%).同时,考察了催化剂投量、橙IV初始浓度、臭氧投量、pH值、重复使用等反应条件对催化剂性能的影响.初步推断,此催化臭氧化反应为非羟基自由基的含氧自由基作用机理.     

氮掺杂生物炭催化臭氧对于布洛芬的降解特性与机制

系统研究了新型氮掺杂生物炭材料(N-C)催化臭氧对于水中布洛芬(IBP)的氧化降解效能及机制,并深入探究了初始pH、臭氧投加量、催化剂投加量、不同阴离子和背景水质条件对IBP降解效率的影响.结果 表明,相较于一些常见的碳基催化剂(g-C3N4、生物炭、颗粒活性炭)及金属催化剂(MnO2、Fe3O4),N-C催化臭氧体系...     

Catalytic activity of cerium-doped Ru/Al2O3 during ozonation of dimethyl phthalate

In this paper, factors influencing the mineralization of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) during catalytic ozonation with a cerium-doped Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst were studied. The catalytic contribution was calculated through the results of a comparison experiment. It showed that doping cerium significantly enhanced catalytic activity. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal over the doped catalyst at 100 min reached 75.1%, 61.3% using Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst and only 14.0% using ozone alone. Catalytic activity reached the maximum when 0.2% of ruthenium and 1.0% of cerium were simultaneously loaded onto Al₂O₃ support. Results of experiments on oxidation by ozone alone, adsorption of the catalyst, Ce ion’s and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation confirmed that the contribution of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation was about 50%, which showed the obvious effect of Ru-Ce/Al₂O₃ on catalytic activity. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2006, 26(4): 445–448 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

低浓度苯系物在室温下的MnOx/Al2O3催化O3氧化

采用固定床连续流动反应器,研究在室温下MnOx/Al2O3催化剂催化臭氧(O3)氧化.结果表明,在室温下,MnOx/Al2O3催化剂具有良好的催化O3分解和催化臭氧氧化苯系物的性能,Mn的最佳负载量为5%.当入口O3和苯系物浓度分别为70,15 mg/m3时,苯、甲苯、对二甲苯和O3的转化率分别为75%,84%,88%,90%.随着入口O3浓度的升高,苯系物转化率先升高然后基本不变,而O3转化率略有下降;随着入口苯系物浓度的升高,苯系物转化率明显降低,O3转化率略有下降.苯系物及O3转化率皆随催化反应时间的延长而缓慢降低.苯系物催化氧化反应中生成的芳香醛、芳香酸和甲酸等中间产物在催化剂表面的堆积是导致催化剂活性降低的主要原因.     

Ag/Al2O3催化剂用于碳氢化合物选择性还原NO

比较了富氧条件下CH4、C3H8、C3H6和C2H5OH分别用作还原剂时,NO在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上的还原活性.结果表明, CH4和C3H8还原NO的活性很低,而C3H6和C2H5OH能有效地还原NO.在此基础上,研究了H2O和SO2对C3H6和C2H5OH在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上还原NO活性的影响.结果表明,H2O的存在会降低低温区的NO还原活性,而且这种影响是可逆的.将H2O 和SO2同时加入反应混合气,引起NO还原活性较大幅度降低,结合程序升温脱附实验结果,认为可能是由于存在SO2时,Ag/Al2O3催化剂吸附NO的能力降低.     

Effect of manufacturing methods of AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst on selective catalytic reduction of NOx

The AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst has potential for use in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx. A compound hydrocarbon, following oxygenation is used as a type of reducing agent. In this experiment, the AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst was produced by four different methods, and the differences among their reduction catalysis of NOx were compared. Ethanol was used as a type of reducing agent. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to study the crystalline structure and scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were applied to determine the microindentation. The results indicated that, in the range of 350–400°C, there was no significant difference on the NOx reduction rate; however, there was dispersion at high and low temperature ranges. The size of the AgCl particles was about 20–100 nm.     

Catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, nitrobenzene and oxalic acid in water

Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation using Fe(NO3) 3·9H2O and Co(NO3) 2·6H2O as the precursors,and its catalytic performance was investigated in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid(2,4-DP) ,nitrobenzene and oxalic acid.The experimental results indicated that Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst enabled an interesting improvement of ozonation eciency during the degradation of each organic pollutant,and the Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation system followed a radical-type mechanism.The kinetics of ozonation alone and Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation of three organic pollutants in aqueous solution were discussed under the mere consideration of direct ozone reaction and OH radical reaction to well investigate its performance.In the catalytic ozonation of 2,4-DP,the apparent reaction rate constants(k) were determined to be 1.456×10-2 min-1 for ozonation alone and 4.740×10-2 min-1 for O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3.And O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 had a larger Rct(6.614×10-9) calculated by the relative method than O3 did(1.800×10-9) ,showing O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 generated more hydroxyl radical.Similar results were also obtained in the catalytic ozonation of nitrobenzene and oxalic acid.The above results demonstrated that the catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 in ozonation of studied organic substance was universal to a certain degree.     

微波诱导催化剂Fe_2O_3/Al_2O_3对甲基橙废水的处理

采用微波诱导氧化工艺(MIOP)处理模拟甲基橙废水,考察了催化剂用量、微波辐射时间、微波辐射功率及pH值对甲基橙脱色率的影响。结果表明:在微波功率900W、辐射时间5min、催化剂用量2g/L的条件下,处理20mg/L的甲基橙废水脱色率可达93.2%。同时动力学分析表明,该氧化过程符合一级动力学规律。     

冷喷涂Ni/Al2O3复合涂层在海洋大气环境下的腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究海洋大气环境对冷喷涂Ni/Al2O3复合涂层腐蚀损伤行为的影响,为提高合金钢的耐腐蚀性能提供依据.方法 采用冷喷涂技术在合金钢30CrMnSi表面制备Ni/Al2O3复合涂层,在万宁近海岸户外和海洋平台分别暴露6个月后,采用扫描电镜、电化学工作站等分析检测技术,研究Ni/Al2O3复合涂层在万宁海洋大气环境下...     

微波诱导催化剂Fe_2O_3/Al_2O_3制备及PEG对其活性影响

以AlCl·36H2O、FeCl·36H2O和CO(NH)22为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备微波诱导催化剂Fe2O3/Al2O3,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对其结构进行了表征,研究了加入聚乙二醇(PEG200)作为分散剂对产物的影响。结果表明:加入体积分数为0.05%PEG后,对于20mg/L的甲基橙模拟废水,在微波功率为900W,催化剂投加量为2g/L,处理5min后脱色率可达95.8%。     

Pretreatment of cyanided tailings by catalytic ozonation with Mn2+/O3

The increasing amount of cyanided tailings produced as a by-product has gained significant attention in recent years because of the rapid development of the gold industry and extensive exploitation of gold mineral resources. The effective use of these secondary resources is becoming an important and urgent problem for all environmental protection staff. Manganese-catalyzed ozonation for the pre-oxidation of cyanided tailings was studied and the effects of Mn2+dosage, initial sulfuric acid concentration, ozone volume flow, temperature and agitation speed on pretreatment were examined. The optimum reaction conditions were observed to be: ore pulp density 2.5%, agitation speed 700 r/min,temperature 60°C, Mn2+dosage 40 g/L, ozone volume flow 80 L/hr, initial sulfuric acid concentration 1 mol/L, and reaction time 6 hr. Under these conditions, the leaching rate of Fe and weight loss could reach 94.85% and 48.89% respectively. The leaching process of cyanided tailings by Mn2+/O3 was analyzed, and it was found that the leaching of pyrite depends on synergetic oxidation by high-valent manganese and O3, in which the former played an important part.     

Preparation and characterization of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation （CWO） process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% （the weight ratio of Ti to carriers）, and the middle product, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h, respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.