Parameters e ect on heterogeneous photocatalysed degradation of phenol in aqueous dispersion of TiO2

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide (TiO2) dispersion under UV irradiation. The e ects of various parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, phenol concentration, anions, metal ions, electron acceptors, and surfactants on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were investigated. The degradation kinetics was determined by the change in phenol concentration employing UV-Vis spectrometry as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of phenol follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The results showed a significant dependence of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on the functional parameters. The probable promising roles of the additives on the degradation process were discussed     

苯酚水溶液光催化降解的盐效应

实验研究了不同浓度的NaCl, KCl, KBr, CaCl₂和Na₂SO₄等电解质对323K下苯酚水溶液光催化降解速度的影响,采用分光光度法测定了光催化降解的动力学曲线.结果表明,各种电解质对苯酚的光催化降解均有抑制作用,且随电解质浓度的增加而增强;盐效应强弱主要取决于阴离子而不是阳离子;对于所研究的体系,阴离子的盐效应作用顺序为Br->SO₄^2->Cl^-.光催化过程的盐效应可能与阴离子对光催化剂表面光生空穴的俘获和稳定作用以及阳离子的电导作用引起催化剂表面光生电子和空穴之间的短路有关.     

负载型二氧化钛光催化降解苯胺

以紫外灯为光湖，在圆柱型光反应器中，负载在镍网上的ＴｉＯ２为催化剂，研究了水中苯胺光催化剂降解行为，结果表明苯胺的降解动力学可用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ－Ｈｉｎｓｈｅｌｗｏｏｄ方程来描述，对苯胺的浓度、介质ｐＨ、液体流速、氧气浓度和外加Ｈ２Ｏ２等因素对光催化反应的影响进行了研究，并以实验现象予以解释。     

TiO_2/beads as a photocatalyst for the degradation of X_(3B) azo dye

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｅｘｐｅｒｔｓｉｎｍａｎｙｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｐａｙｈｉｇｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｄｉｓｐｏｓａｌｏｆｔｈｅｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｗｉｔｈｄｙｅｏｒｗｉｔｈｄｅｅｐｃｈｒｏｍａ.Ｔｈｏｕｇｈａｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｂｉｏｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｉｓｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｄｉｓｐｏｓａｌｏｆｔｈｅｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒ,ｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｈｒｏｍａｉｎｔｈｅｄｉｓｐｏｓｅｄｗａｔｅｒａｒｅｓｔｉｌｌｖｅｒｙｈｉｇｈａｎｄ…     

克百威光催化降解动力学的研究

采用TiO2光催化技术对克百威的降解进行了研究,并系统地考察了催化剂用量,溶液初始pH值,底物浓度,活性氧物种和各种阴阳离子对其降解动力学的影响.用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型对克百威的光催化降解进行了研究,结果表明,克百威在弱碱性条件下降解速率最快,×OH对克百威降解贡献比约为93.4%,h+和其他ROSs的贡献则相对较小.而水溶液中的阴离子BrO3-和S2O82-对克百威的光催化降解有促进作用,I-则有明显的抑制作用,并且水溶液中的K+,Ca2+,Na+,Mg2+和Cu2+等金属阳离子对克百威的降解也均体现了一定程度的抑制作用.     

对位酯废水的光催化降解研究

研究了对位酯生产废水的初步处理方案。先将对位酯废水进行中和、冷冻除盐、加CaO沉淀、过滤等预处理（预处理后COD 40352mg／L;SO4^2-9577mg／L;NH3-N21mg／L）,再采用纳米光催化降解以及BaCl2进行处理,TiO2浓度为2g／L时处理效果较好（COD30325mg／L;SO4^2-880mg／L;NH3-N140mg／L）。废水经铁炭微电解及CaO处理后,再进行光催化降解可以达到更好的处理效果,COD降为21224mg／L。废水经微电解、Fenton氧化和光催化联用处理后,COD降为20800mg／L。     

Influence of supports on photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide

The photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in aqueous suspensions with the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) under UV irradiation was examined. The effects of different supporting materials mixed physically with TiO2 were studied to achieve maximum degradation efficiency. Among the three supports, namely activated carbon (AC), silica (SiO2 ) and zeolite (ZSM-5), all exhibited paramount efficiency for degradation of phenol and 4-CP and was better than TiO2 alone. The optimum concentration was found to be 50 mg for all supporting materials. The efficiency order of the three supports was as follows: AC > ZSM-5 > SiO2 , respectively. Whilst, the degradation of phenol and 4-CP was improved from 70.6% to 87.6% and 80.6% to 89.7%, respectively, within 120 min photocatalysis in the presence of optimal amount of AC. The degradation was also comparatively enhanced in the presence of cheaper rice husk and the activity was closed to ZSM-5 and lower than AC.     

Photochemically enhanced degradation of phenol using heterogeneous Fenton-type catalysts

The degradation of phenol was carriced out using heterogeneous Fenton-type catalysts in the presence of H2O2 and UV.Catalysts were prepared by exchanging and immobilizing Fe^2 in zeolite 13X,silica gel or Al2O3.The concentration of phenol solution was 100mg/L.The amount of H2O2 added was the stoichiometric amount of H2O2 required for the total oxidation of phenol.Under the irradiation of medium pressure light(300W)phenol was mineralized within 1 h in the presence of Fe^2 /zeolite 13X.The COD removal rate was enhanced in the presence of Fe^2 /zeolite 13X compared to that of Fe^2 /silica gel of Fe^2 /Al2O3.Analogous homogenous photo-Fenton reaction with equivalent Fe^2 was also carried out to evaluate the catalysis efficiency of Fe^2 /zeolite 13X.Results showed that the COD removal rate was near to that of homogeneous Fenton,while heterogeneous Fe^2 /zeolite 13X catalyst coule be recycled.     

空心玻璃微球附载TiO2清除水面漂浮的油层

以空心玻璃微球为载体，采用浸涂法制备出ＴｉＯ２／ｂｅａｄｓ光催化剂．研究了利用ＴｉＯ２／ｂｅａｄｓ光催化剂降解水面漂浮的正十二烷及甲苯的可行性．结果表明，３７５Ｗ中压汞灯照射１２０ｍｉｎ，正十二烷的光催化去除率达９３．５％，光照８０ｍｉｎ时甲苯被完全光催化去除；通入空气有利于正二十烷及甲苯的光催化去除，外加微量的Ｈ２Ｏ２（５．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可大大提高光催化去除率，向反应液中加入少量Ｎａ＋对正十二烷及甲苯的光催化去除率无明显的影响．     

Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A using an integrated system of a new gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed reactor and micrometer Gd-doped TiO2 particles

A new gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed photocatalytic reactor (GLSCFBPR) with internally placed multi-layered UV lamps was developed. Micrometer Gd-TiO₂ particles and commercial nanometer P25-TiO₂ were chosen as the photocatalysts, and the hazardous substance bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as the model pollutant to investigate the performance of this new photocatalytic system. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the micrometer Gd-TiO₂ particles was similar to that of the nanometer P-25 particles at their respective optimum dosage but the former could be easily separated out by gravity. After investigating the effects of process parameters on the photocatalytic BPA degradation, the response surface method (RSM) was further used for process optimization. The interactions among process parameters, i.e., TiO₂ concentration, superficial gas velocity and superficial liquid velocity were discovered and a related analysis was carried out to explore the underlying mechanism. A quadratic mathematic model was established and performed satisfactorily when used for prediction. The optimum conditions for this new process were as follows: TiO₂ concentration 4.5 g/L, superficial gas velocity 7.83 × 10^-3 m/sec and superficial liquid velocity 8.65 × 10^-3 m/sec.     

Photocatalytic degradation of Chicago Sky Blue 6B and Benzopurpurin 4B using titanium dioxide thin film

Aqueous solutions of azo dyes undergo degradation to form harmless intermediates and colorless products following irradiation by visible light in the presence of titanium dioxide thin films. The dyes that were studied in this work are： Chicago Sky Blue 6B and Benzopurpurin 4B. Results obtained indicated that complete mineralization of the dyes took place under the experimental conditions. There was an increase in conductivity after the complete mineralization experiments possibly indicating the formation of ions such as NO3^- and SO4^2-. Chemical oxygen demand（COD） measurements show a decrease in organic matter for both dyes following complete degradation. The effect of how changing experimental conditions such as pH, temperature and starting concentrations of dyes affected the rate of dye degradation was measured. There was an increase in the rate of disappearance of the dye color at lower pH. High concentrations of dye solutions reauired Iona dearadation time.     

TiO2/膨润土纳米复合光催化剂降解偶氮染料的研究

采用酸性溶胶法合成TiO2 膨润土纳米复合光催化剂 ,并研究其光催化降解阳离子偶氮染料 .X射线衍射 (XRD)分析表明 ,TiO2 膨润土纳米复合物的d0 0 1衍射角为 9 0 6° .该复合催化剂具有较高的光催化降解有机污染物的活性 ,随着光照时间的延长 ,阳离子红GTL的特征峰 490 5nm强度逐渐减弱 ,最后它的特征峰可彻底消失 ,GTL的偶氮键是最活跃的化学键 ,它易于被氧化断键 .该复合催化剂的催化活性受溶液的pH影响较大 ,在中性和碱性条件下其光催化活性更强 .适量的过氧化氢可以加速光催化氧化反应 ,但过量的H2 O2 却抑制了羟基自由基的生成 ,从而使H2 O2 的利用效率下降 ,在本实验条件下其最佳用量是 6mmol L .     

静电纺丝制备TiO2／PAN纳米纤维毡及其性能研究

采用超声波水解技术水解TiCl4制备纳米TiO2粒子,与聚丙烯腈（PAN）的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）溶液共混后,通过静电纺丝制得具有光催化活性的TiO2／PAN纳米纤维毡,并用其对模拟废水中苯酚进行光催化降解实验。X射线衍射（XRD）表征结果显示制备的TiO2为锐钛矿。用场发射扫描电镜（FE—sEM）观察纤维毡的形态,显示纤维的直径随纺丝液浓度增大而增大。对苯酚进行光催化降解结果表明：纺丝液浓度质量分数为5％TiO2／PAN纤维毡对苯酚的降解率最高,对100mg／L,50mg／L和20mg／L苯酚的降解率分别为51．1％,87．5％和99．6％。纤维毡循环使用5次后对于20mg／L苯酚的降解率为87．4％。     

Feasibility and advantage of biofilm-electrode reactor for phenol degradation

The new biofilm-electrode method was used for the phenol degradation, because of its low current requirement. The biofilm-electrode reactor consisted of immobilized degrading bacteria on Ti electrode as cathode and Ti/PbO2 electrode as anode. With the biofilmelectrode reactor in a divided electrolytic cell, the phenol degradation rate could achieve 100% at 18 h which was higher than using traditional methods, such as biological or electrochemical methods. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of the biofilmelectrode reactor was also greater than that using biological and electrochemical method, and could reach 80% at 16 h. The results suggested that the biofilm-electrode reactor system can be used to treat wastewater with phenol.     

多层光源内置式气-液-固循环流化床光催化降解双酚A

悬浮浆态光催化反应体系具有固-液接触面积大、过程效率高和处理量较大的优点,但存在浆态体系中纳米催化剂难于分离回收的问题,为解决这一难题,提出了在废水污染物光催化降解过程中使用易于沉降分离的微米级颗粒光催化荆,并与新设计的多层光源内置式气-液-固循环流化床相结合组成的光催化反应体系.以微米级颗粒Gd-TiO2为光催化剂,...     

高压脉冲电晕放电等离子体降解废水中苯酚

考察了多种因素对高压脉冲电晕放电低温等离子体法降解水中苯酚效果的影响 .提高脉冲电压峰值和放电频率、延长放电时间等均可大大提高降解效果 .自由基清除剂如正丁醇和缓冲剂如硼酸盐的存在均会显著降低降解效果 .1 0 0mg·L- 1苯酚废水溶液放电处理 1 80min ,最高降解率达 67 3 % .当放电处理 42 0min时 ,废水的TOC下降 83 8% .     

二氧化钛悬浆体系中过硫酸盐对苯酚光催化降解的影响

研究了二氧化钛悬浮溶液中过硫酸盐对苯酚的吸附和光催化降解动力学的影响.在过硫酸盐浓度较低的条件下,S2 O2 - 8的加入能有效提高苯酚的光催化降解速率和表观量子产率,UV TiO2 K2 S2 O8体系下的表观量子产率大于UV TiO2 与UV K2 S2 O8两体系下表观量子产率之和;但是,当过硫酸盐浓度较高时,随着S2 O2 - 8浓度的增加,竞争性吸附加剧,二氧化钛表面的苯酚吸附量急剧减少,导致苯酚的降解速率和表观量子产率不升反降,苯酚平衡吸附量与光催化降解速率呈高度一致性.在本实验条件下,当K2 S2 O8浓度为5 0 0mg·L- 1 时表观量子产率达到最大,协同因子达0 3 9.在不同强度的入射光条件下,也能得到相似的结果.此外,讨论了pH值对不同体系TOC去除率的影响,并对在K2 S2 O8存在时TiO2 的光催化机理进行了探讨     

天然矿物锰矿砂对苯酚的界面吸附与降解研究

研究了天然矿物锰矿砂对苯酚的界面吸附与降解，结果表明锰矿砂对苯酚具有较强的吸附作用，较高温度，低ｐＨ值，固相与苯酚的较高质量比值有利于苯酚的吸附。吸附过程遵循二级反应动力学，吸附等温线为Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ型。应用简化的表面络合反应模式，求得了不同条件下的条件稳定常数及吸附苯酚的表面总吸附位。     

无水条件下气相三氯乙烯的光催化降解研究

以二氧化钛为光催化剂,主波长254nm紫外线杀菌灯为光源,研究了气相三氯乙烯（TCE）在无水条件下的光催化降解反应。结果发现,TCE的光催化降解产物为HCl、CO₂及Cl₂,并得出TCE在无水条件下光催化反应的计量式为C₂HCl₃+2O2hv/TiO2→HCl＋2CO₂＋Cl₂,该计量式与有水条件下光催化反应降解TCE的计量式不同。结果还发现,TCE初始反应速率与光强的0.16次方呈正比,光催化降解速率方程符合Langmuir－Hinshelwood公式_〔1〕。     

F-对弱吸附间苯二酚光催化降解效率的提升:游离·OH的作用

传统的光催化降解机制认为是光激发产生的氧化活性物质优先对吸附在催化剂表面的污染物分子进行降解,因此,弱吸附性有机物难以接触到光催化剂并发生降解.为探究提升弱吸附有机物光催化降解的机理,本文构建了一个高暴露{001}晶面TiO_2({001}-TiO_2)降解弱吸附间苯二酚(RE)的光催化体系.实验结果表明,所制备的{001}-TiO_2具有强亲水性,并能提供大量的F~-吸附位点.RE在{001}-TiO_2表面的吸附能力很弱,并且光催化降解效果很差.F~-的加入可使RE的光催化降解速率提升近3倍.通过自由基猝灭实验发现,RE的降解主要取决于溶液中游离羟基自由基(·OH)的作用,由于F~-能与{001}-TiO_2亲水表面的羟基及·OH形成强烈的竞争吸附,从而使·OH游离到溶液中氧化降解RE.EPR测试进一步证实了F~-不仅可以促使TiO_2产生更多的游离·OH,同时也能激发产生更多超氧自由基(·O~-_2),推测·O~-_2主要由有效分离的光生电子与O_2或·OH反应生成.综上,本研究明确了游离·OH对弱吸附RE的光催化降解效率起决定作用,F~-促使游离自由基产生的机制可为弱吸附有机污染物的降解提供新思路.