味精浓度水稀释液厌氧消化—SBR工艺处理

采用ＵＢＦ－ＳＢＲ工艺处理味精浓度水稀释液，ＵＢＦ段的进水ＣＯＤｃｒ１８９００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，有机容积负荷率９．４５ｋｇ（ＣＯＤ）／ｍ＾３．ｄ时，ＣＯＤｃｒ平均去除率为８４．５％，ＳＢＲ段的进水ＣＯＤｃｒ２９５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ１６７８ｍｇ／Ｌ，曝气６５ｈ，ＤＯ为４～４．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，停曝气时ＤＯ在０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ的平均去除率分别为９２％和９９．４     

柠檬酸废水的厌氧—兼氧—好氧处理

采用厌氧－兼氧－好氧工艺处理柠檬酸废水，管理厌氧消化器在进水ｐＨ３．４４～４．３８，ＣＯＤ１４１８７．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，处理水量为２００ｔ／ｄ，有机负荷经７．０９ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）条件下，出水ｐＨ７．０～７．５，ＣＯＤ去除率为８１．１％，产气率为０．４３ｍ＾３／ｋｇＣＯＤ，兼氧－好氧处理进水ｐＨ３．２～４．６，ＣＯＤ１９２９ｍｇ／Ｌ，处理水量１０８０ｔ／ｄ，停留时间为兼氧６ｈ，好氧１３ｈ，出水ｐ     

载银活性炭法处理含汞废气

对工业生产作业车间中的含汞废气，采用气相导流－纤维体过滤－载银活性炭吸汞净化工艺，可使车间操作空间的含汞浓度０．１０～０．７０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，降低到＜０．０７ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，治理效率＞９５％，经处理后的空气中含汞浓度低于国家标准允许排放的浓度值。     

厌氧消化反应器进行条件的选择

研究了ＵＢＦ－ＳＢＲ工艺中ＵＢＦ段的几个运行参数，在３５℃，进水ＣＯＤｃｒ１５５４６ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ１２１４ｍｇ／Ｌ，有要容积负荷率７．５５ｋｇ（ＣＯＤ）／ｍ＾３．ｄ时，运行最佳。其ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率为９３．９％，产气率为０．６４ｍ＾３（气）／为５．４６ｋｇ（ＣＯＤ）／ｍ＾３．ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率为９１．４％。并气率为０．５９ｍ＾３（气）／去除率ｋｇ（ＣＯＤ），ＣＨ４含量为５７．５％，两者出水ＰＨ均     

脲醛胶在生产及使用过程中的甲醛污染

本文对粤华装饰板材厂为例，探讨了脲醛胶（ＵＦ－３－Ｂ）在生产及应用过程中甲醛污染的来源及控制措施。脲醛胶合成车间空气环境中的甲醛含量为０．０９４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，涂胶现场为０．０５４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，贴面生产线中央为０．１５６ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，热压工段高达０．７５４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，大大高于对照点空气环境中的甲醛含量（０．０１６ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）。通过降低尿素／甲醛（Ｕ／Ｆ）摩尔比，加入甲醛吸收剂，可以降低脲醛胶中的     

上海市大气中人工放射性水平调查及评价

为掌握上海市大气中人工放射性本底水平，于１９８９年９月－１９９１年１１月进行了调查。调查结果，大气气溶胶采样后１天和采样后７天的总β放射性（包括人工的和天然的）浓度分别为９．３×１０＾－２Ｂｑ／ｍ＾３和２．６×１０＾－３Ｂｑ／ｍ＾３，其中＾９０Ｓｒ浓度＜１．８×１０＾－６Ｂｑ／ｍ＾３，＾１３７Ｃｓ浓度＜１．３×１０＾－５Ｂｑ／ｍ＾３；雨水沉降物总β放射性（包括人工的和天然的）沉降率为０．７８Ｂｑ／     

装饰材料所致的室内空气污染

对商业、工业、住宅等不同功能区和不同室内燃料的厨房、卧室、教室等室内房间，作了空气中甲醛的本底值调查。调查表明，甲醛浓度范围为０．０００７－０．０１２５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。对１５户普通家庭装潢户的调查表明，经装潢后１年以上测得的甲醛，总烃、苯、甲苯平均浓度分别为０．０２、０．５０、０．７６、１．２５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。氯乙烯、苯乙烯未测出。其中甲醛平均浓度高出本底值２０倍，为前苏联建议的日平均浓度的１．６倍。     

一种新的阴离子表面活性剂电极的研制及应用

研制出一种新的阴离子表面活性电极,电极膜最佳组成：ＴＨＤＡ－ＤＢＳ５ｍｇ,ＤＢＰ０４ｍｌ,ＮＢ０．３ｍｌ,ＰＶＣ粉０．２ｇ,电极线性范围１×１０＾－３－８．１×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,级差５８ｍＶ／ｄｅｃ,对ＤＢＳ和ＳＤＳ检测分别为５．６×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和７．４×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

生物接触氧化物净化微污染原水的机理研究

在姚江水质为ｐＨ６．８￣７．４、浊度９￣２０ＮＴＵ、色度２５￣３７度、ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ１．０￣９．０ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎｏ０．０７５￣０．２５ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＣＯＤＭｎ８￣１８．９ｍｇ／Ｌ的条件下，进行了生物接触氧化法预处理微污染原水的除污染作用机理研究。结果表明，生化池进水处填料层生物膜厚度为０．３￣０．５ｍｍ，出水处填料层膜厚为０．１￣０．３ｍｍ，仅为污水处理中普通生物膜厚的１／１０左右。当水中溶     

曝气生物滤池处理生活污水试验

曝气生物滤池具有体积小、处理效率高等特点。研究结果表明,曝气生物滤池处理生活污水在０．５３ｍ／ｈ的水力负荷下,ＢＯＤ５、ＣＯＤ、ＳＳ、ＮＨ４－Ｎ和ＴＮ的平均去除率９５．３％、９２．６％、９６．７％、９１．８５％和８５．１％,平均出水浓度分别为３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ、１２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、１．７ｍｇ／Ｌ和４．３ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

ＲｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｆｒｏｍｓｅｗａｇｅｓｌｕｄｇｅｂｙｌｏｗｃｏｓｔｉｎｇｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｒｅｃｙｃｌｉｎｇｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅＷｕＱｉｔａｎｇ，ＮｙｉｒａｎｄｅｇｅＰａｓｃａｓｉｅ，ＭｏＣｅｈｕｉＦ...     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.