磁铁矿金属化焙烧高温捕集催化剂浸出渣回收铂族金属研究

针对汽车催化剂氧化浸出渣,开展磁铁矿金属化焙烧高温捕集回收铂族金属研究。重点研究捕集剂、还原剂、助熔剂、反应温度、反应时间对铂族金属捕集率的影响。试验结果表明,捕集剂配比20%,还原剂配比12%、助熔剂配比25%、焙烧温度1 400℃、恒温反应时间4 h条件下,铂族金属铂、钯、铑的捕集率分别可达97.19%、92.88%、97.08%。     

不锈钢酸洗废液的处理与回收技术综述

介绍了不锈钢酸洗废液的来源、组成和危害.综述了酸洗废液中酸及金属的回收方法、原理及优缺点,着重介绍了酸的扩散渗析、双极膜电渗析、蒸酸和焙烧回收技术,以及金属盐的中和沉淀、析晶、离子交换树脂和萃取回收技术.指出将多种技术进行组合,可实现酸洗废液中金属盐和酸的双重回收.     

从工业废物中回收重金属

介绍了用氧化－铬沉法从特殊钢酸洗废液中回收镍、铁、钼及从镉镍电池废渣中回收镉，镍等金属金属制成多种化合物的原理，工艺流程及结果。     

废催化剂中金属的回收

简述了含有铂、钒、镍金属组分的废催化剂来源及金属回收工艺，介绍了萃取法在金属回收中的应用。     

从电镀污泥中回收有价金属的工艺探究

对电镀污泥资源化现状进行探究,并着重对从电镀污泥中回收有价金属的工艺进行综述。最后对如何在清洁生产条件下回收电镀污泥中有价金属提出设想。     

从废FCC催化剂和废汽车尾气净化催化剂中回收稀土的研究进展

以稀土元素(简称稀土)用量较大的废FCC催化剂和废汽车尾气净化催化剂为研究对象,分析总结了两类废催化剂中稀土的成分和回收方法。从废催化剂中回收稀土普遍采用先浸出、后分离提纯的方法。浸出普遍采用无机酸(多为盐酸),分离方法包括溶剂萃取法、化学沉淀法等,最后经焙烧得到稀土氧化物。为从废催化剂中高效回收稀土,可着重考察新浸出机制的引入、分离方式的选择、分离试剂的应用,以及浸出和分离条件的优化,从而为实现工业化回收提供技术支持。     

稀有金属和贵金属再利用难点被攻克

<正>据中国科学院金属研究所稀有与贵重金属循环利用基础实验室获悉,该实验室在高温合金中稀有与贵重金属分离、回收工作取得突破,建立起从高温合金废料中回收获得各种单质稀有、贵重金属元素全面工艺及生产流程。稀有金属与贵重金属被广泛用于航空航天、汽车、能源化工等领域,特别是在高温合金中被广泛应用。目前,我国高温合金年产量约为5 000万t,在生产和使用过程中产生的     

再谈废催化剂中金属的回收

介绍了含钯,钴,钼,钨的废催化剂的来源及从废催化剂中回收上述金属的工艺。     

中再生联合纽维尔资源回收设备有限公司组建合资公司

正中国再生资源开发有限公司董事长、总经理管爱国先生同纽维尔资源回收设备有限公司总裁斯考特·纽维尔先生共同愉快地宣布双方共同组建"中再生纽维尔资源回收设备(江苏)有限公司",生产及销售纽维尔金属资源回收设备。中国再生资源开发有限公司是中国最大的专业性再生资源回收企业和行业领军企业,拥有50家分、子公司及11个大     

加拿大诺兰达公司将废电子产品当成宝

加拿大诺兰达公司近年来非常重视从废弃电子产品中回收铜、银、铂、钯等贵金属. 2000年该公司 70亿加元 (1美元约合 1.57加元 )的营业额中,有 4亿加元来自回收业,而回收业的货源中有 3/4是电子产品. 在诺兰达公司眼中,使用过的电子产品具有极大价值,因为从废弃电子产品中提炼出来的金属数量高于从同等数量的矿石中提炼出来的金属数量. 目前该公司在美国设有 4个回收厂,回收项目包括电脑、打印机、电话、寻呼机和音响设备等. 目前诺兰达公司掌握着北美回收市场的 3/4, 该公司预计今后 5年金属回收的数量将至少增长 1倍.     

发达国家报废汽车回收利用经验及借鉴

介绍了发达国家回收处理和再生利用报废汽车的管理和技术,提出我国应借鉴发达国家经验,从技术、政策、法规等方面加强报废汽车的再利用工作。     

Current recycling regulations and technologies for the typical plastic components of end-of-life passenger vehicles: a meaningful lesson for China

China became the largest automotive producer and the biggest automobile market in the world in 2009, but the scrap vehicle recycling industry is still in its beginning stage. Especially, the scrapped plastic parts recycling technology lags behind developed countries. Therefore, in-depth studies on the recycling of automotive plastics are significant and beneficial for environmental protection, energy conservation and the sustainable development of the Chinese automotive plastic industry. In this article, automotive plastic components recycling-related rules and regulations about developed countries and China are discussed first. According to the passenger vehicle plastic part types, the recycling technologies for typical plastic components of end-of-life passenger vehicle are analyzed comprehensively. Based on the combination of contemporary domestic and foreign plastic recycling technology and the result of the current research, the problems and future development for the ELVs plastic recycling industry in China are deliberated, at the same time, some constructive ideas and suggestions for the industry are provided.     

Research on the recycling industry development model for typical exterior plastic components of end-of-life passenger vehicle based on the SWOT method

In-depth studies on the recycling of typical automotive exterior plastic parts are significant and beneficial for environmental protection, energy conservation, and sustainable development of China. In the current study, several methods were used to analyze the recycling industry model for typical exterior parts of passenger vehicles in China. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of the current recycling industry for typical exterior parts of passenger vehicles were analyzed comprehensively based on the SWOT method. The internal factor evaluation matrix and external factor evaluation matrix were used to evaluate the internal and external factors of the recycling industry. The recycling industry was found to respond well to all the factors and it was found to face good developing opportunities. Then, the cross-link strategies analysis for the typical exterior parts of the passenger car industry of China was conducted based on the SWOT analysis strategies and established SWOT matrix. Finally, based on the aforementioned research, the recycling industry model led by automobile manufacturers was promoted.     

Evaluation method of automobile recycling systems for Asia considering international material cycles: application to Japan and Thailand

To examine an appropriate recycling system for end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) from Japan in the context of Asia, an Asian international automobile recycling input-output (AI-ARIO) analysis is presented. The AI-ARIO analysis spatially expands the existing ARIO analysis within the framework of the waste input-output (WIO) analysis developed by Nakamura et al., which considers the interdependence between the flow of goods and wastes in a country. This analysis focuses on the local and global cycles for ELVs in Asia and can evaluate the environmental and economic effects of alternative recycling systems. We estimated the AI-ARIO table for Japan and Thailand and applied it to scenario analyses covering the restriction of ELV trade between the two countries, the introduction of new recycling techniques in Thailand, and centralized treatment in Japan. We verified the applicability and effectiveness of the AI-ARIO analysis through the scenario analyses.     

An international comparative study of end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling systems

End-of-life vehicles (ELV) have become a global concern as automobiles have become popular worldwide. An international workshop was held to gather data and to discuss 3R policies and ELV recycling systems, their background and present situation, outcomes of related policies and programs, the framework of recycling and waste management, and case studies on related topics in several countries and regions, as well as the essential points of the comparison. Legislative ELV recycling systems are established in the EU, Japan, Korea, and China, while in the US, ELV recycling is managed under existing laws on environmental protection. Since automobile shredding residue (ASR) has a high calorific value and ash content, and includes heavy metals as well as a mass of unclassified fine particles, recycling ASR is considered highly difficult. Countries with a legislative ELV system commonly set a target for recovery rates, with many aiming for more than 95 % recovery. In order to reach this target, higher efficiency in ASR recovery is needed, in addition to material recycling of collectable components and metals. Environmentally friendly design was considered necessary at the planning and manufacturing stages, and the development of recycling systems and techniques in line with these changes are required for sound ELV management.     

Processes in informal end-processing of e-waste generated from personal computers in Vietnam

Informal treatment of e-waste plays an important role in many countries which have no or weak formal waste management structures. One of the challenges for assessing informal e-waste recycling technologies is to identify their disadvantages and potential technology improvement. The analysis of informal recycling processes starts with a balance of input and output materials for each of the processes. Main obstacles are the fact that in most cases, mixed or variety materials serve as input and, secondly by nature, the informal sector does not systematically measure and monitor the process. This study presents the processes and available data for informal e-waste recycling of desktop personal computer as it consists of components made of plastic and many metals within the Vietnamese context. To identify the most relevant processes, critical flows and technology gap, two scenarios are compared: (1) current situation in which recycling activities are taken in recycling craft villages and (2) appropriately selected BAT. The selected materials from e-waste cover a wide range of recycling processes and technologies: Printed Circuit Board treatment, metal (ferrous metal, aluminum and copper) and plastic recycling.

     

The development and prospects of the end-of-life vehicle recycling system in Taiwan

Automobiles usually contain toxic substances, such as lubricants, acid solutions and coolants. Therefore, inappropriate handling of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) will result in environmental pollution. ELV parts, which include metallic and non-metallic substances, are increasingly gaining recycling value due to the recent global shortage of raw materials. Hence, the establishment of a proper recycling system for ELVs will not only reduce the impact on the environment during the recycling process, but it will also facilitate the effective reuse of recycled resources. Prior to 1994, the recycling of ELVs in Taiwan was performed by related operators in the industry. Since the publishing of the “End-of-life vehicle recycling guidelines” under the authority of the Waste Disposal Act by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in 1994, the recycling of ELVs in Taiwan has gradually become systematic. Subsequently, the Recycling Fund Management Board (RFMB) of the EPA was established in 1998 to collect a Collection–Disposal–Treatment Fee (recycling fee) from responsible enterprises for recycling and related tasks. Since then, the recycling channels, processing equipment, and techniques for ELVs in Taiwan have gradually become established. This paper reviews the establishment of the ELV recycling system, analyzes the current system and its performance, and provides some recommendations for future development. The reduction of auto shredder residue (ASR) is a key factor in maximizing the resource recovery rate and recycling efficiency. The RFMB needs to provide strong economic incentives to further increase the recycling rate and to encourage the automobile industry to design and market greener cars.     

Estimation of world trade for used automobiles

In order to provide the basic information for building an international automobile recycling system, this article attempts to estimate the multilateral trade for used automobiles. First, the problems in evaluation of the used automobile trade were clarified through the trade data obtained from the United Nations database (UN-DB) and the Global Trade Information Services database (GTI-DB). Furthermore, we developed an estimation method for the used automobile trade using the highlighted advantages of the UN-DB and GTI-DB. The reasons for employing this estimation method were to correct the systematic errors in both databases and to sample used automobile data from the UN-DB by using the new and used automobile information in the GTI-DB. The world trade volume for used passenger cars in 2005 was estimated by the method developed. These results indicated that total trade volume was 5.65 × 10⁶ vehicles, and that the exports from Germany, the United States, and Japan comprise 22%, 21%, and 20% of the global total, respectively. Moreover, the results indicate that these countries export used passenger cars not only to developing countries (54%), but also to developed countries (46%).     

Material and heavy metal balance in a recycling facility for home electrical appliances

Collection and recycling of home electrical appliances was started in Japan in 2001 under a new recycling law. The law is aimed at promoting material recycling and at reducing the amount of waste to be landfilled. End of life products are processed by manual disassembly, shredding, and separation in 38 recycling facilities. The authors conducted a questionnaire survey and interviewed at some facilities to obtain information on process flow and material balance. By using the detailed records offered by one facility and by estimating the composition of recovered components, the material balance in the facilities was determined for four typical recycling processes. The heavy metal content of the recovered components was analyzed, then metal flow in the process was determined for each scenario. As a result, it was concluded that emissions to the environment of most heavy metals have been substantially reduced by the new recycling system, while a modest improvement in the rate of material recovery has been achieved.     

报废汽车非金属材料资源化利用研究

随着大量汽车进入报废期,如何对报废汽车进行资源化再利用成为人们面临的重要课题.报废汽车上的非金属材料,由于种类多、组成复杂,资源化再利用的难度较大,大多被废弃,会造成资源浪费、环境污染等一系列问题.塑料、橡胶、玻璃是汽车中主要的非金属材料,这些物质的资源化利用,对改善环境、节约资源,具有极大的社会经济效益.着重对报废汽...