中国自然保护区范围界定和有效保护面积现状分析

自然保护区范围与功能分区边界是管理部门开展日常管护和监督执法工作的重要基础。对于未界定范围和功能区边界的自然保护区,在实践中无法对其自然生态系统和珍稀动植物起到真正有效的保护。通过研究分析我国自然保护区范围及功能区界定现状,对自然保护区的有效保护面积进行了评估。结果发现,全国约有40%的自然保护区范围边界不清,而在已界定范围边界的自然保护区中约有20%的自然保护区未划分功能分区。因此,目前全国自然保护区统计名录中的保护区数量与面积数据并不能完全真实反映我国自然保护区的有效保护现状,需引起管理部门的重视,并尽快完善保护区范围界定工作。     

中国自然保护区经费政策探讨

通过资料调研和问卷调查 ,分析了我国自然保护区的投资和创收现状及其存在的问题 ,认为保护区的投资远不能满足保护区的需要 ,而保护区的创收极其有限 ,因此增加国家和地方政府的投资是解决保护区经费短缺矛盾的根本措施。国家财政应设立经常性科目用于国家级自然保护区的建设与管理。同时应积极拓展自然保护区建设的资金渠道 ,发展保护区产业 ,完善和实施生态环境补偿费政策 ,制定有利的税收政策 ,实行优惠扶贫政策 ,并加强自然保护区经费的监督与管理     

我国自然保护区生态旅游存在问题分析

通过对2006年自然保护区建设管理基本情况调查和2008年自然保护区生态旅游专项问卷调查得到的数据进行分析,立足我国自然保护区生态旅游发展现状,从自然保护区生态旅游涉及的宏观决策管理,保护区管理机构,保护区与社区、旅游经营者、游客、生态环境的关系6个方面,系统地分析目前我国自然保护区生态旅游存在问题,并提出相应对策.     

我国自然保护区内国家重点保护物种保护成效评价

对我国473个自然保护区内野生动植物资源就地保护状况的分析和评价表明,这些自然保护区不同程度地保护了国家重点保护野生动物共386种,占其总数的84．84％;保护了国家重点保护野生植物共264种,占其总数的86．27％。指出了我国自然保护区应重点关注的物种,并提出相关保护建议。     

试论自然保护区与社区协调发展

概括了自然保护区与社区的统一性和矛盾 ,分析了自然保护区与社区协调发展存在的主要问题 ,提出了自然保护区与社区协调发展的途径与方法 ,总结了一些保护区与社区协调发展的有效模式 ,包括政区合署模式、协调机构模式、保护与扶贫相结合模式、经济上双赢模式和公众参与模式     

徐州市自然保护区建设策略研究

在大量野外工作的基础上 ,分析了徐州市的自然保护区建设现状 ,提出了建设策略     

新西兰保护区管理及其对中国的启示

在分析了新西兰保护区的管理体系、管理模式、法律政策和资金来源基础上,从建立完善的保护区管理体系、完善法律政策、有节度的开放式管理、公众参与、加大保护区科研投入以及资金筹集与国际合作6方面探讨了新西兰保护区管理的成功经验对中国的启示。     

Large Herbivores and the Design of Large-Scale Nature Reserves in Western Europe

Nature conservation in densely populated areas, as in western Europe, faces the continuous loss and fragmentation of suitable habitats for wild species. Current conservation measures have not been successful in countering this threat to biological diversity, so a new concept for nature conservation is required. I propose using the habitat requirements of large herbivores as a key to the design of large-scale nature reserves. Large herbivores can have a significant influence on vegetation composition and thus act as keystone species. Moreover, they require large tracts of land and can be considered an umbrella species group for the preservation of other plants and animals. I review the present status of nature reserves in the European Union concerning size distribution and the occurrence of large herbivores and their predators. I argue that habitat fragmentation and the increased management costs of maintaining seminatural areas necessitate an enlargement of existing reserves, a process-oriented management approach, and a minimization of human influence for the long-term preservation of biological diversity.     

自然保护区生态补偿研究与实践进展

建立自然保护区是进行生物多样性保护和生态服务功能恢复的最重要措施之一,而生态补偿机制在自然保护区建设中的作用是目前需要关注的问题.笔者在大量文献调研的基础上,分析了我国生态补偿的概念发展、理论基础和国内外自然保护区生态补偿的研究与实践.结果表明:自然保护区生态补偿是通过政府主导和市场作用共同实现的;不论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家,公共支付手段都是主要的支付手段;通过生态补偿促进社区参与是实施保护区有效管理的重要途径.最后讨论了我国自然保护区生态补偿的原则、方式、标准和措施等问题,为进一步开展自然保护区生态补偿研究和建立补偿机制提供参考.     

自然保护区生物多样性经济价值类型及其评估方法

在分析生物多样性经济价值类型的基础上探讨了自然保护区生物多样性经济价值的类型和内涵,并将其分为直接实物价值、直接非实物服务价值、生态功能间接价值和非使用类价值（包括存在价值、遗产价值和选择价值）,进而提出评估这些价值的方法。     

Gaps and Mismatches between Global Conservation Priorities and Spending

Abstract:  Several international conservation organizations have recently produced global priority maps to guide conservation activities and spending in their own and other conservation organizations. Surprisingly, it is not possible to directly evaluate the relationship between priorities and spending within a given organization because none of the organizations with global priority models tracks how they spend their money relative to their priorities. We were able, however, to evaluate the spending patterns of five other large biodiversity conservation organizations without their own published global priority models and investigate the potential influence of priority models on this spending. On average, countries with priority areas received greater conservation investment; global prioritization systems, however, explained between only 2 and 32% of the US$1.5 billion spent in 2002, depending on whether the United States was removed from analyses and whether conservation spending was adjusted by the per capita gross domestic product within each country. We also found little overlap in the spending patterns of the five conservation organizations evaluated, suggesting that informal coordination or segregation of effort may be occurring. Our results also highlight a number of potential gaps and mismatches in how limited conservation funds are spent and provide the first audit of global conservation spending patterns. More explicit presentation of conservation priorities by organizations currently without priority models and better tracking of spending by those with published priorities are clearly needed to help make future conservation activities as efficient as possible.     

中国国家级自然保护区人类活动分布现状

人类活动是当前自然保护区保护与管理面临的主要威胁因素之一。针对不同人类活动的土地利用类型特点进行分类,利用地理信息系统和遥感技术,提取2010年度407个国家级自然保护区人类活动土地利用斑块,进而分析和统计国家级自然保护区内人类活动的分布现状,最终为管理部门管理和控制区内人类活动提供依据。结果表明,405个国家级自然保护区存在人类活动,人类活动斑块土地总面积为242.43万hm~2,占国家级自然保护区总面积的2.58%;人类活动主要分布在实验区内,实验区内人类活动斑块土地总面积为143.06万hm~2,占人类活动斑块土地总面积的59%;涉及保护区数量最多的人类活动斑块土地利用类型为农业生产用地,有360个自然保护区内有农业生产用地,农业生产用地总面积为211.03万hm~2。     

中国自然保护区管理决策支持系统（NRMDSS）的若干问题探讨

本文回顾了我国自然保护区建设发展状况，对自然保护区管理中存在的一些问题进行了分析，并论述中国自然保护区管理决策支持系统（ＮＲＭＤＳＳ）在自然保护区管理中的地位、作用和意义，探讨ＮＲＭＤＳＳ的系统结构、功能。     

Where Should Nature Reserves Be Located in South Africa? A Snake's Perspective

The present dispersion of nature reserves in South Africa is the historical result of a series of ad hoc decisions and may not be biologically optimal We have adopted a method to identify the optimal geography of nature reserves for the conservation of South Africa's snake fauna. The method of reserve selection operated on two tiers, and the spatial unit of analysis was a quarter-degree-square cell (∼625 km²). First, two scoring indices were used to rank cells with respect to species richness or to rarity. Second, two different iterative reserve-selection algorithms selected sets of cells (reserves), where each set represented all snake species at least once. Finally, the selected cells were examined for their present level of protection and their ranked scores. Depending on the algorithm chosen, only 23 or 29 cells were required to represent all species at least once; 72–78% of these cells already contained some level of protection; 59–70% of cells fell in areas of high species richness; and 72–91% of cells fell in areas with high rarity scores. Thus we conclude that most of the snake species in South Africa may be adequately protected with only modest acquisition of new reserves, and that the iterative algorithms appear to be efficient at siting cells in areas of high richness and rarity. We recommend that the reserve placement method outlined in this report be applied to as many other taxa as possible in the formulation of a national plan for an optimal reserve system for South Africa.     

内蒙古自治区内国家级自然保护区的有效管理分析

以内蒙古自治区内22个国家级自然保护区管理状况的评估结果为基础,从评估赋分表所涉及的10项评估指标入手,分析内蒙古自治区内国家级自然保护区管理活动的整体特征、区域差异和自然保护区有效管理的影响因素。结果表明,内蒙古自治区内国家级自然保护区管理评估平均得分为79分,整体处于良的等级,仍有较大的提升空间;自治区东部地区的自然保护区管理水平略高于西部地区,但两者之间差异未达显著水平。加强日常管护是提升内蒙古自治区内国家级自然保护区管理水平的首要任务,自然保护区的能力建设、机构设置和人员配置、保护对象动态变化、规划制定与执行和基础设施建设等因素对自然保护区的有效管理有显著影响。     

河北省自然保护区现状调查与规划研究

在河北省自然保护区现状调查的基础上,探讨目前自然保护区建设中的主要问题,并对河北省自然保护区规划和对策进行研究。