Anaerobic digestion of polyelectrolyte flocculated waste activated sludge

This work examined how adding one of three polyelectrolyte flocculants (T3052: cationic, T2000: non-ionic, and T1052: anionic) affected the anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludge. Methane production, floc characteristics (morphology and zeta-potential) and process parameters (soluble chemical oxygen demands (SCODs) and reductive potentials) were monitored along the digestion tests. The digestion rates of T2000- and T1052-conditioned sludge resembled that for original sludge. The T3052-flocculated sludge generated methane at a higher rate during the first 6 days of digestion than did the original one. In the following stage, the digestion rate of sludge flocculated with T3052 at dosage exceeding 15 g/kg dried solids declined. For example, at 40 days of digestion the methane production amounts for original, 15 g/kg DS flocculated, and 40 g/kg flocculated sludge were of 136, 105, and 85 g/kg DS, respectively. The role of flocculants could change in different stages of digestion.The dosed polymers had no apparent toxicity to the inoculum used. The changes in SCOD, adenosintriphosphate concentrations, oxidative and reductive potential, and zeta-potentials did not correlate with the noted hindered digestion for T3052-conditioned sludge. Microphotographic observation revealed that the flocs of T3052-conditioned sludge were not only of a large size, but also were resistant to structural deterioration during digestion. Therefore, mass transfer resistance was proposed to account for the hindered digestion efficiency observed for T3052-conditioned sludge.     

青岛市菜市场垃圾的高温厌氧消化研究

在中试规模下进行菜市场垃圾高温厌氧消化试验,通过监测消化过程中的产气情况和消化液的pH、可溶解性COD(SCOD)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、NH3-N、碱度等变化,确定菜市场垃圾厌氧消化的最大有机负荷,并分析对菜市场垃圾进行高温厌氧消化处理的可行性.结果表明,在中试规模下,菜市场垃圾高温厌氧消化的最高有机负荷可达6.2...     

Anaerobic digestion of a mixture of cheese whey, poultry waste and cattle dung: a study of the use of adsorbents to improve digester performance

This paper-describes the results of a study aimed at improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of a mixture of cattle dung, poultry waste and cheese whey at a ratio of 2 : 1 : 3 (w/w on dry weight basis) in terms of total gas production, methane content and process stability by adding various adsorbents. The adsorbents appeared to improve the digester performance, for example about a two-fold enhancement in total gas production with 17% enriched methane content were achieved with the addition of 4 g litre(-1) of silica gel.     

Anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater: a review

This article presents a review of anaerobic treatment technologies to treat slaughterhouse wastewater including its advantages and disadvantages. Physico-chemical characteristics and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of slaughterhouse wastewater are addressed. Various anaerobic treatment technologies are presented with the related operating parameters, viz., hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR), upflow velocity (V_up), and biogas yield vis-a-vis treatment efficiency in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD). In addition, various factors that affect the anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater such as high oil & grease (O & G) concentration in influent, inhibitors, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and the loading rate are also addressed. The literature review indicated that the slaughterhouse wastewater can be treated effectively by employing any anaerobic treatment technologies at OLRs up to 5 kg COD/m³.d with more than 80% COD removal efficiency without experiencing operational problems. Anaerobic hybrid reactors (AHRs) were found the most effective among various reviewed technologies because of their ability to operate at higher OLRs (8 to 20 kg COD/m³.d) and lower HRTs (8 to 12 hrs).

     

厌氧膜生物反应器的现状、挑战和前景

厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBRs)不仅可以高效去除污染物,改善出水水质,而且可以实现生物能源回收,对保护环境和缓解能源危机具有重大意义。膜污染作为制约AnMBRs应用与推广的限制因素得到了大量关注,各种缓解和控制膜污染的方法和技术不断涌现。因此,对AnMBRs的运行机理、多元化应用、膜污染情况进行综述,并分析和评估了微生物电催化系统(BES)-AnMBRs组合工艺的可行性和发展潜力,以期为AnMBRs工程应用和未来发展提供理论和技术参考。     

推流式反应器厌氧消化浮萍和猪粪混合物

使用带隔板的推流式反应器(体积约为4 m3),对浮萍与猪粪(干重比1:1,湿重比7:1)的混合物、猪粪进行为期50 d的中温厌氧消化产气性能比较研究,结果表明,在有机负荷为3.5 g(VS)/(L·d)时,浮萍与猪粪(干重比1:1,湿重比7:1)混合物的VS产气率为0.31 L/g,COD转化率为63.2％,反应器容积产气率为1.00 m3/(m3·d);猪粪的VS产气率为0.28 L/g,COD转化率为57.1％,反应器容积产气率为0.71m3/(m3·d).进料COD和SS的平均浓度分别为19.19 g/L和14.28 g/L,推流式反应器对其平均去除率分别为59.7％和68.7％.由此说明,带隔板的推流式厌氧反应器对浮萍和猪粪的混合物有较好的厌氧消化能力,浮萍与猪粪混合物的厌氧消化性能优于猪粪.     

污泥厌氧消化反应器CFD数值模拟研究进展

污泥作为典型的不透明非牛顿流体,在厌氧消化反应器内的流场具有复杂性,难以直接进行流场测试分析。结合计算流体力学（CFD）技术,分析污泥厌氧消化反应器内的流场分布情况,探讨污泥在反应器内混合效果和对消化过程的影响,以验证校核反应器优化设计和运行,改善污泥在消化反应器内的流动和混合性能并最终提高反应器性能。在综合文献及前期研究工作的基础上,系统分析并重点关注了CFD数值模拟过程当中多相流模型和湍流模型的选取、污泥流变特性应用、反应器流场评估优化及耦合生化模型等的研究现状及进展,最后总结了目前污泥厌氧消化反应器CFD数值模拟过程存在的问题。并指出在考量污泥流变学特性的基础上,利用传质模型将反应器流场和生化过程相耦合,构建流场-生化耦合模型,获取基质转化规律,为优化污泥厌氧消化反应器设计运行提供理论依据,是CFD应用于厌氧消化反应器数值模拟的发展方向。     

餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化

在中试规模下,研究餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化试验,通过监测餐厨垃圾厌氧消化过程中产气量、气体组成等产气情况和消化液中pH值、SCOD、NH4+-N、VFAs等化学指标含量变化,确定餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的最大有机负荷,并分析餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化技术的可行性,结果表明,在工程上餐厨垃圾单独进行高温厌氧消化产甲烷具有技术可行性,但难以保证系统长时间安全稳定运行;餐厨垃圾厌氧消化正常运行时最大有机负荷可达2.551 kg VS/(m3.d);当系统有机负荷为2.551 kg VS/(m3.d)时,每天每千克VS最高可产生甲烷量0.622 m3;氨氮对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产甲烷影响明显;餐厨垃圾中固有Na+含量对厌氧消化产甲烷影响不明显。     

Anaerobic digestion of thermo-oxidized excess municipal sludge.

The effect of a thermo-oxidative co-treatment placed between the two reactors of two-stage anaerobic digestion of excess municipal sludge was studied. The oxidant used was hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and moderate temperatures below the boiling point of water were considered. The first experiment was to elucidate the effect of two different temperatures (65 and 90 degrees C) of oxidation using a constant oxidant dose of 1.0 g H2O2/g influent volatile suspended solids (VSSinfluent). The use of thermo-oxidative co-treatment increased overall solids destruction by 24.9 and 33.5%, respectively, when operating at 65 and 90 degrees C, respectively. Because of this significant effect of temperature on the performance of the process, a second experiment was conducted using the higher temperature of 90 degrees C while decreasing the hydrogen peroxide dosage to 0.5, 0.25, and 0.1 g H2O2/g VSSinfluent. An increase in solids destruction of 13.9, 18.9, and 25.6% was observed when the thermo-oxidative co-treatment was used using oxidant dosages of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 g H2O2/g VSSinfluent, respectively.     

Site selection for waste vegetable oil and waste battery collection boxes: a GIS-based hybrid hesitant fuzzy decision-making approach

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been increasing rapidly in the urban centres of developing countries during the last few decades;...     

竹叶与餐厨垃圾厌氧共消化工艺

将黄金竹和毛竹的竹叶分别与餐厨垃圾厌氧共消化,通过分析消化过程中的产气量、pH、COD、NH4+-N和VFAs变化,探讨添加不同竹叶对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效果的影响。实验结果表明,添加毛竹叶显著增强了餐厨垃圾的厌氧消化能力。毛竹叶+餐厨垃圾组的总产气量是餐厨垃圾对照组单独厌氧消化总产气量的3.28倍,甲烷总产量为10.1 L,COD去除率高达83.0%。而添加黄金竹叶对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的影响则不明显,可能因为黄金竹叶在消化过程中释放了大量挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs),造成体系酸中毒。     

Anaerobic digestion of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates: biodegradation kinetics and metabolite analysis

In the present work the effect of the alkyl chain length and the position of the sulfophenyl substituent of the linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) on their anaerobic biodegradability have been investigated. Degradation kinetics of the linear alkyl benzene sulfonates homologues, 2C₁₀LAS, 2C₁₂LAS and 2C₁₄LAS, have been studied. It has been also investigated the effect of the isomer type on the degradation rate of the LAS molecule through the comparative study of the 2C₁₀LAS and 5C₁₀LAS isomers. Batch anaerobic biodegradation tests were performed using sludge from the anaerobic digester of a wastewater treatment plant as microorganisms source. Ultimate biodegradation was evaluated from the biogas production whereas primary biodegradation was determined by specific analysis of the surfactant. LAS homologues and isomers showed a negligible primary biodegradation under anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, analysis of sulfophenyl carboxilates (SPC) by LC–MS indicated a low and constant level of these LAS degradation metabolites over the test period. These data are consistent with a minimal transformation of the LAS parent molecule in the anaerobic digesters. On the other hand, the addition of the shortest alkyl chain length homologues, decyl and dodecylbenzene sulfonates, reduces the biogas production whereas the most hydrophobic homologue, the tetradecylbenzene sulfonate, enhances the biogas production. This LAS homologue seems to increase the availability of organic compounds sorbed on the anaerobic sludge promoting their biodegradation.     

Disposal and resource utilization of waste masks: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Waste masks pose a serious threat to the environment, including marine plastic pollution and soil pollution risks caused by landfills since the...     

Status of electronic waste recycling techniques: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The increasing use of electrical and electronic equipment leads to a huge generation of electronic waste (e-waste). It is the fastest growing waste...     

Composting of vegetable waste in subtropical climates

This experiment examined the possibility of using composting as a method of waste disposal in subtropical countries, such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where temperatures are high and humidity is low. In order to simulate conditions in the UAE, a representative mixture of wastes generated in the UAE was prepared and tested at ambient temperatures resembling those of subtropical countries. The mixture consisted of tomatoes, cabbage, eggplant and grass. The addition of grass (40% of the mixture by weight) adjusted the carbon/nitrogen ratio and the moisture content of the compost to the necessary level for initiating decomposition. To maintain the moisture content of the compost under severe dry hot weather, a saturated insoluble polymer (IP) was added at 20% and 60% concentration (wet weight). The mixture was then composted at three different temperatures. Results showed that the mixture requires about two weeks for stabilisation. High temperature is an advantage to the compost process; at temperatures between 40 and 60°C, the waste mixture (regardless of IP concentration) decomposed quicker than at low temperature (25°C). The addition of 20% saturated IP to the compost increases the moisture content and decomposition rate. It also increases the organic chemical content of the compost, which will be reflected by microbial activity.     

Soil remediation techniques at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. A critical review

The objective of this critical review is to address soil remediation techniques at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites with regard to the following areas: 1) important regulatory and technical issues and information needs concerning soil remediation at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites; 2) approaches for selection of remediation techniques; and 3) the current state of knowledge regarding soil remediation techniques, including applications and limitations. The areas identified above are addressed with regard to current information, selected milestone publications, and specific applications of technologies to provide a synthesis of the topic. The information concerning current issues, approaches, and soil remediation techniques presented was critically reviewed in order to: 1) identify deficiencies in current approaches; 2) develop a conceptual framework for remediation; and 3) recommend improved approaches for selection of remediation technologies.     

鸡粪与城市生物垃圾联合中温厌氧消化研究

在中温下,对不同质量比的鸡粪与城市生物垃圾的厌氧消化处理效果进行了为期50 d的实验.结果表明:(1)鸡粪与城市生物垃圾质量比为1/1、1/2和2/1时的累计产气量最终分别为420、480、460 mL/g(以每克挥发性固体计),高于纯城市生物垃圾(410 mL/g);(2)至产气停止为止,纯城市生物垃圾、纯鸡粪、鸡粪与城市生物垃圾质量比为1/1、1/2和2/1时的甲烷平均体积分数分别为56.6%、56.6%、58.1%、56.2%、56.1%}(3)鸡粪和城市生物垃圾联合厌氧消化缩短了厌氧消化的时间,更利于沼气的产生;(4)纯城市生物垃圾、纯鸡粪、鸡粪与城市生物垃圾质量比为1/1、1/2和2/1时的厌氧消化最终的生物降解率分别为64.6%、67.4%、65.5%、68.7%和70.6%,联合厌氧消化最终的生物降解率均高于纯城市生物垃圾.     

Anaerobic digestion of livestock and poultry manures spiked with tetracycline antibiotics

Abstract

We investigated the anaerobic degradation of tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline [TC], oxytetracycline [OTC] and chlortetracycline [CTC]) in swine, cattle, and poultry manures. The manures were anaerobically digested inside polyvinyl chloride batch reactors for 64?days at room temperature. The degradation rate constants and half-lives of the parent tetracyclines were determined following first-order kinetics. For CTC the fastest degradation rate was observed in swine manure (k?=?0.016?±?0.001 d^?1; half-life = 42.8?days), while the slowest degradation rate was observed in poultry litter (k?=?0.0043?±?0.001 d^?1; half-life = 161?days). The half-lives of OTC ranged between 88.9 (cattle manure) and 99.0?days (poultry litter), while TC persisted the longest of the tetracycline antibiotics studied with half-lives ranging from 92.4?days (cattle manure) to 330?days (swine manure). In general, the tetracyclines were found to degrade faster in cattle manure, which had the lowest concentrations of organic matter and metals as compared to swine and poultry manures. Our results demonstrate that tetracycline antibiotics persist in the animal manure after anaerobic digestion, which can potentially lead to emergence and persistence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment when anaerobic digestion byproducts are land applied for crop production.     

蔬菜废弃物混合堆肥过程中百菌清和都尔的降解规律

以蔬菜废弃物为原料,研究了杀菌剂百菌清和除草剂都尔在堆肥过程中的降解特征。结果表明,高温好氧堆肥处理可有效去除蔬菜废弃物中残留的百菌清及都尔。堆肥过程中,百菌清的降解规律符合一级动力学模型,在50℃条件下,其半衰期为1.10 h;都尔降解速率较为缓慢,经15 d,其降解率为94%（c0=10 mg·kg-1）。都尔、百菌清及其降解产物对堆肥系统中的微生物具有抑制作用,在添加量为10~105 mg·kg-1时,微生物活性抑制明显,堆肥周期延长。     

浮萍与剩余污泥厌氧消化产沼气实验

为了提高浮萍厌氧消化产沼气能力,对比浮萍和剩余污泥的单独以及混合厌氧消化过程的产气情况,得到当两种底物混合厌氧消化时,具有互补优势,缩短了产甲烷过程的酸化期,累积产气量实际值比计算值提高11%。此外,研究底物的预处理以及底物与接种物比例对厌氧过程的影响,结果表明,浮萍经热碱预处理后比未处理组甲烷产量增加了8%,且厌氧消化产沼气时间缩短;当底物与接种物比例为1：1时,整个反应过程的pH维持在6.00以上,利于产甲烷过程,体系中积累的挥发性脂肪酸（VFAS）最多,且获得的总沼气产量和总甲烷产量最大,分别为3 309 mL和1 883 mL,比最低的1：2.5组分别高出151 mL和304 mL。